{"title":"Actualités en endocrinologie de la reproduction","authors":"S. Christin-Maitre","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the past few years, the knowledge on the gonadotroph axis was improved by the identification of new actors in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, such as FGFR1 (Fibroblast Gowth Factor Receptor 1), GPR54 (G protein receptor 54), its ligand kisspeptine and leptine. Few cases of FSH receptor mutations have been described in a rare syndrome: the spontaneous hyperstimulation syndrome that occurs during pregnancy. New genes involved in human folliculogenesis have been identified such as FOXL2, BMP15 and WNT4. AMH is also involved in the earlier stages of folliculogenesis. It is now recognized as a marker of follicle reserve. The international consensus of Rotterdam identified diagnostic criteria for the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome. Concerning contraception, new ways of contraception (vaginal or transcutaneous) are now available. Emergency contraception has become possible with the levonorgestrel, a single dose contraceptive agent easy to get. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is debated for about 6 years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 198-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75987957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index des mots cles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1762-5653(05)00020-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1762-5653(05)00020-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 269-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1762-5653(05)00020-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137366905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Un nouveau mécanisme d'activation de la voie des MAP kinases dans le cancer papillaire thyroïdien","authors":"H. Fierrard, M. Raffin-Sanson","doi":"10.1016/S1155-1941(05)44140-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1155-1941(05)44140-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"38 1","pages":"265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84727474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production et sécrétion de l'insuline par la cellule β pancréatique","authors":"C. Magnan , A. Ktorza","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insulin is involved in the control of energetic metabolism, especially in that of the glucose metabolism. It is the sole hypoglycaemic hormone. Its structure remained significantly preserved during evolution. Its production and secretion by the pancreatic β-cells are tightly controlled. Insulin gene transcription is under the control of numerous factors which act in trans on the gene promoter. Glucose is the most important regulator, but hormones such as GLP-1, GH, leptin and, prolactin are also able to modulate insulin gene expression. The final hormone is synthesised as proinsulin, a high molecular weight protein which is stored in micro-vesicles where its conversion into insulin is triggered. Insulin release requires exocytosis process. The control of insulin secretion induces an elementary “regulation loop” which links nutrient concentration, especially glucose, to insulin secretion. Modulators of hormonal or neural origin are simultaneously involved, attenuating or amplifying this secretion. Glucose is the more potent stimulating factor of insulin secretion and it affects the effect of all other secretagogues. Its metabolism within the β-cell generates cofactors, particularly the ATP that triggers electrical events in the plasma membrane and ionic movements, resulting in a huge entry of calcium into the cell and finally in the exocytosis stimulation. The modulators of the insulin response to glucose act essentially through Gs or Gr proteins (changes in cAMP concentration) or Gq proteins (activation of phospholipase C). The adaptation of the coordinated functional activity of the β-cells to changes of glucose homeostasis is a good example of the specialization of a micro-organ to the optimal short- and long-term control of energetic homeostasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 241-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87198247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faim et satiété, contrôle de la prise alimentaire","authors":"F. Bellisle","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food intake is a complex periodical behaviour through which a living organism can extract vital nutrient and energy substances from the environment. Hunger and satiety are psycho-physiological states that, respectively, elicit or inhibit food intake. Homeostatic (glucostatic or lipostatic) and non-homeostatic (environmental conditions) mechanisms contribute to the periodic initiation of food intake. Once a meal has started, the stimulation to eat is progressively antagonized by the cumulative effects of the ingested foods. This satiation process brings the eating episode to an end before the ingested nutrients have been absorbed. Meal size is determined by an interaction of sensory (food quality and variety), gastro-intestinal, and neuroendocrine responses. A Pavlovian learning mechanism allows the metabolic consequences of ingesting a particular food to become associated with the sensory characteristics of the food; as a consequence, a unique repertoire of food acceptance and rejection responses is shaped for each individual eater. Satiety, the post-meal phase of inhibition of eating, depends on the nutrient composition of the meal and, mainly, on its energy density. The selection of high energy-density foods induces little satiety and favours “passive over-consumption”. In humans, culture, socio-economical status, family context, and even the physical characteristics of the environment affect food choices and energy intake. The mechanisms selected by Evolution in order to allow survival under environmental conditions of food shortage seem more efficient at correcting for energy needs than excesses. In the present context of food plethora, the obesity epidemic reflects both a biological bias and the potent stimulation from the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 179-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88378106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Un nouveau mécanisme d'activation de la voie des MAP kinases dans le cancer papillaire thyroïdien","authors":"H. Fierrard, M.-L. Raffin-Sanson","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87147676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Dubest (Chef de clinique-assistante), M. Pugeat (Professeur d'endocrinologie)
{"title":"Gonadotrophines hypophysaires : physiologie et exploration fonctionnelle","authors":"C. Dubest (Chef de clinique-assistante), M. Pugeat (Professeur d'endocrinologie)","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pituitary gonadotropins are the <em>luteinizing hormone</em> (LH) and the <em>follicle stimulating hormone</em> (FSH). They are secreted by the gonadotrop cells. LH and FSH are regulated by many factors such as the <em>gonadotropin releasing hormone</em> (Gn-RH) for the up-regulation and the inhibins for the down-regulation. The action of FSH and LH is essential to reproduction in women and men as well. Recent progress is noted regarding the factors of regulation and the knowledge of gonadotrophin genetics, which provides essential keys for gonadic pathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90471610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contrôle hypothalamique des sécrétions hormonales antéhypophysaires","authors":"B. Ducornet, G. Abiven, M.-L. Raffin-Sanson","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hypophyseal secretions are controlled not only by the hypothalamic hypophyseotropic hormones, but also by the peripheral hormones and by autocrine or paracrine influences within the pituitary gland. As a result, the amount of hormone secretions, their specific rhythm of secretion, and the modulation of hypophyseal secretions in conditions such as fasting, stress, and pubertal development are narrowly regulated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 209-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74327216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hormone thyréotrope","authors":"P. Beck-Peccoz, M. Bonomi, L. Persani","doi":"10.1016/j.emcend.2005.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a pituitary glycoprotein hormone that controls the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. TSH secretion is primarily regulated by the negative feedback mechanism of circulating thyroid hormones and by the stimulatory activity of a hypothalamic factor, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Recent advances consist mainly of a better understanding of the TSH receptor which is involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperthyroidism (gain of function mutations) and of some types of hypothyroidism (loss of function mutations). Progress has been made also in the techniques for TSH measurement which are today ultrasensitive due to the use of non competitive immunometric assays. However, the biological activity of circulating TSH not always correlates with its immunometric values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100422,"journal":{"name":"EMC - Endocrinologie","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.emcend.2005.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92150300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
