Actualités en endocrinologie de la reproduction

Abstract

During the past few years, the knowledge on the gonadotroph axis was improved by the identification of new actors in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, such as FGFR1 (Fibroblast Gowth Factor Receptor 1), GPR54 (G protein receptor 54), its ligand kisspeptine and leptine. Few cases of FSH receptor mutations have been described in a rare syndrome: the spontaneous hyperstimulation syndrome that occurs during pregnancy. New genes involved in human folliculogenesis have been identified such as FOXL2, BMP15 and WNT4. AMH is also involved in the earlier stages of folliculogenesis. It is now recognized as a marker of follicle reserve. The international consensus of Rotterdam identified diagnostic criteria for the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome. Concerning contraception, new ways of contraception (vaginal or transcutaneous) are now available. Emergency contraception has become possible with the levonorgestrel, a single dose contraceptive agent easy to get. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is debated for about 6 years.