Crop Management最新文献

{"title":"Increasing Crop Rotation Diversity Improves Agronomic, Economic, and Environmental Performance of Organic Grain Cropping Systems at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Farming Systems Project","authors":"Michel A. Cavigelli,&nbsp;John R. Teasdale,&nbsp;John T. Spargo","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-PS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-PS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corn grain yield in a six-year rotation (Org6), which includes summer annual (corn, soybean), winter annual (winter wheat), and herbaceous perennial (alfalfa for three years) cash crops was, on average, 10% greater than in a three-year rotation (Org3) that includes only summer and winter annual cash crops, and 30% greater than in a two-year rotation (Org2) that includes only summer annual cash crops (Table 1). These differences, which represent results for the first 10 years of the project, were the result of both increases in N availability and decreases in weed competition as crop rotation length and complexity increased (<span>4</span>,<span>9</span>,<span>10</span>). As a point of reference, mean corn yield for the two conventional systems during this same time period, which included substantial drought years, was 126 bu/acre, which is 29% greater than for Org6.</p><p>In Org2, opportunities to kill weeds occur at the same time each year since the two cash crops, corn and soybean, are planted at similar times. Thus, summer annual weeds (primarily <i>Amaranthus</i> spp., <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Daturum stramonium</i>, <i>Setaria</i> spp., and <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i>) that escape weed management practices in these summer crops increase populations in this system. When wheat is added to the rotation (Org3), the summer annual weeds either do not germinate under the wheat canopy or do not reach reproductive maturity as they are cut prior to setting seed when the wheat is harvested, and killed when soil is prepared for planting cover crops after wheat harvest. In Org6, a perennial forage crop, alfalfa, provides an additional level of phenological complexity that provides further weed control opportunities. Alfalfa is cut three to five times per year, a disturbance regime that tends to favor perennial and annual grasses with a prostrate growth habit rather than annual broadleaf weeds. Tillage prior to corn planting provides control of the grasses favored during the alfalfa phase of the rotation. Corn yield loss to weeds, as measured in adjacent weed-free and weedy plots, was reduced from 35% in Org2 to 14% in Org6 (<span>9</span>).</p><p>When organic price premiums for corn, soybean, and wheat were included in an economic analysis for the years 2000 to 2002, net returns for the three organic systems were similar (mean, $286/acre) and substantially higher than for the conventional systems (mean, $78/acre). Economic risk, however, was 7.5 and 3.9 times greater for Org2 and Org3, respectively, than for Org6 (<span>2</span>), indicating a substantial economic benefit to more phenologically diverse crop rotations, as risk is spread over crops growing and harvested during different parts of the year. Mean risk for the two conventional systems was similar to that for Org2.</p><p>Soil organic C (SOC) to a depth of 40 inches was 10% greater in the organic systems (mean, 27.0 T C/acre) than in no-till (NT) (24.5 T C/acre) and 17% greater than in ch","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-PS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91884228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on Rodale Institute's Farming Systems Trial","authors":"Jeff Moyer","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-03-PS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-03-PS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After thirty years of research, Rodale Institute's Farming Systems Trial (FST) still remains a relevant catalyst for change in American agriculture. FST is America's longest running side-by-side field experiment comparing organic and conventional production systems. Starting in 1981, following on the heels of the 1980 USDA study on organic production, FST was implemented to address several of the transition issues identified in the study as potential barriers to farmers adopting organic production strategies. (Additional details can be found at reference <span>19</span>.)</p><p>In order to assess each barrier, specific and targeted cropping systems were identified for comparison: an organic/livestock system, an organic/legume system, and a conventional/chemical system. While yield data, the standard agronomic measure of success was collected, additional and important data streams were also measured: soil health, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic returns. By every measure the organic systems documented a positive benefit to the soil, the farmer, and to society. Yield was the only standard in which all treatments performed at similar levels.</p><p>The study site is located at the Rodale Institute in Kutztown, PA. Field investigations on this 6-ha site began in 1981. Prior to establishment of the experiment, the site was farmed conventionally with continuous corn for at least 25 years. The soil type is a moderately well drained Comly silt loam. The growing climate is sub-humid temperate (average temperature is 12.4°C and average rainfall is 1105 mm per year). Main plots were 18 × 92 m, split into three 6 × 92-m subplots, which allows for comparison of three crops in any given year and the use of farm scale equipment for all operations. The experiment was set up to withstand the rigors of the most intense scrutiny and managed with the assistance of an externally staffed advisory board, to assure the scientific and political communities that the results are sound. Peer review of results found in research papers again assures us all that the data is factual and based on standard acceptable research protocols. (Additional field site and experiment details can be found in reference <span>9</span>, <span>10</span>, <span>13</span>, and <span>14</span>.)</p><p>First we'll address the yield data since the current conversation seems to focus on the need to feed the world and an ever growing population. Direct crop yield comparisons can only be made between corn, soybeans, and wheat because they are the only crops that are present in all systems. In the first four years of the trial (1981-1984), corn yields were significantly lower in the two organic systems compared to the conventional system, mostly due to N deficiency (due to the research design) and weed competition. During that same time period however, soybean yields were equal between Legume and Conventional and significantly higher in the Manure system. Yields may not need ","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-03-PS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91884229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) Experiment Supports Organic Yields, Soil Quality, and Economic Performance in Iowa","authors":"Kathleen Delate,&nbsp;Cynthia Cambardella,&nbsp;Craig Chase,&nbsp;Ann Johanns,&nbsp;Robert Turnbull","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) experiment, at the Iowa State University (ISU) Neely-Kinyon Farm in Greenfield, IA, was established in 1998 to compare the agronomic, ecological, and economic performance of certified organic cropping systems to conventional counterparts. Cropping systems were designed based on local farmer input and practices. In the second LTAR phase (2002 to 2010), equivalent organic and conventional corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) and soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) yields were achieved in the organic corn-soybean-oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>)/alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) (C-S-O/A) and corn-soybean-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa (C-S-O/A-A) rotations compared to the conventional corn-soybean rotation (C-S). Organic oat and alfalfa yields, at 103 bu/acre and 4.4 tons/acre, respectively, exceeded county averages of 73 bu/acre and 3.3. tons/acre, for the same period. Similar plant protection occurred in organic crops, without the use of petrochemicals, compared to conventional crops maintained with synthetic pesticides. In Fall 2009, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and extractable K and Ca were 5.7%, 9.5%, 14.2%, and 10.8% higher in organic soils, respectively. Soil properties related to biologically active organic matter were up to 40% higher in organic soils. Economic returns to land and management in 2010 were $510/acre in the organic C-S-O/A-A rotation compared to $351/acre in the C-S rotation. The LTAR experiment will be continued as a valuable demonstration of the potential for organic crops to achieve comparable yields while increasing carbon sequestration and economic returns compared to conventional corn and soybean rotations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91884224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Data and Research from the ARMS Survey: Findings on Competitiveness of the Organic Soybean Sector","authors":"William D. McBride,&nbsp;Catherine R. Greene","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Organic production has expanded rapidly in the US over the last decade, particularly for specialty crops. In 2005, USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) and National Agricultural Statistics (NASS) began to include targeted sub-samples of organic producers in its major annual economic survey, the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). In this article we use data from the 2006 ARMS to examine the characteristics of producers adopting the organic production approach to soybean production, and contrast these with conventional producers. Organic soybean producers were younger, had less acreage, were less likely to work off-farm, and were more often located in northern states than conventional soybean producers. Also, differences in the costs of production for each system are derived. Results indicate that the average costs for producing soybeans were higher for producers using the organic approach in 2006 after accounting for the influence of other factors on production costs, sample selection bias, and organic transition costs, but were covered by the higher premiums that year. However, the organic price premium for soybeans has narrowed since 2006, and reduced the economic incentive for converting to or maintaining an organic system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91569754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USDA Support for Organic Agriculture across the Research, Education, and Economics (REE) Agencies","authors":"C. Woteki","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-PS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-PS","url":null,"abstract":"The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has supported some research, education and extension related to organic agriculture for several decades, with significant increases in recent years, particularly since The Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) established the National Organic Program (NOP) in 1990. Final rules for implementing this legislation came out in 2000 and nationwide organic standards for certification under a national organic label were first established in 2002. The sale of certified organic products has continued to grow ever since.","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73213249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Organic and Conventional Farming Systems: Metrics and Research Approaches","authors":"J. Reganold","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of organic farming worldwide, researchers are being presented with new opportunities to study organic systems and also to compare them to their conventional counterparts. This paper focuses on farming systems research comparing organic and conventional agroecosystems. The types of farming systems comparison studies, some of the metrics used, and integrative research approaches to farming systems studies are discussed. To hasten implementation of more sustainable agricultural systems, more farming systems comparison research, especially interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary, is needed, which brings together multiple disciplines and, when possible, non-academic participants to measure key sustainability indicators and/or ecosystem services. Such research does not just need to compare organic and conventional systems. In addition to organic farming systems, other innovative systems make up a modest, but growing, component of US and global agriculture and include alternative livestock production (e.g., grass-fed), mixed crop/livestock systems, conservation agriculture, integrated farming, agroforestry, and perennial grains. Such systems integrate production, environmental, and socioeconomic objectives and reflect greater awareness of ecosystem services. These systems can be studied in farming systems research, in which they are compared with each other or with conventional systems. Introduction Sale of organic foods in the past 15 years has been one of the fastest growing market segments within the global food industry (32). As a result, more arable land, research funding, and research test sites are being devoted to organic farming worldwide. In addition, there has been an increase in published scientific studies of organic systems, with different types of studies evolving and more parameters being measured. With this rise of organic farming worldwide, researchers are being presented with new opportunities to study organic systems and also to compare them to their conventional counterparts. For example, organic farming systems provide an opportunity to link basic and applied ecology through research on biodiversity and ecosystem services (11). In addition, we can compare soil health, crop quality, financial performance, or environmental quality of organic and conventional systems (23). Certain parameters, such as crop yield, have been included in so many organic/conventional comparison studies that metaanalyses have been done synthesizing this information on a global scale [e.g., (4,28)]. Although results from a meta-analysis must be treated with caution (because no single farming system or practice works best in every location), meta-analysis is a great statistical tool for identifying broad patterns not immediately visible in primary field research (20). This paper focuses on farming systems research comparing organic and conventional agroecosystems. Examples of comparison studies that have helped shape such farming systems researc","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73539949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Data and Research from the ARMS Survey: Findings on Competitiveness of the Organic Soybean Sector","authors":"W. McBride, C. Greene","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Organic production has expanded rapidly in the US over the last decade, particularly for specialty crops. In 2005, USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) and National Agricultural Statistics (NASS) began to include targeted sub-samples of organic producers in its major annual economic survey, the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). In this article we use data from the 2006 ARMS to examine the characteristics of producers adopting the organic production approach to soybean production, and contrast these with conventional producers. Organic soybean producers were younger, had less acreage, were less likely to work off-farm, and were more often located in northern states than conventional soybean producers. Also, differences in the costs of production for each system are derived. Results indicate that the average costs for producing soybeans were higher for producers using the organic approach in 2006 after accounting for the influence of other factors on production costs, sample selection bias, and organic transition costs, but were covered by the higher premiums that year. However, the organic price premium for soybeans has narrowed since 2006, and reduced the economic incentive for converting to or maintaining an organic system. Introduction Crop acres under organic systems have grown rapidly during the past decade in response to strong consumer demand. In 2008, US producers dedicated approximately 4.6 million acres of cropland, rangeland, and pasture to certified organic production, more than double the 1.8 million certified acres in 2000 (18). However, adoption of organic systems has been uneven across farm sectors, with rapid growth for organic specialty crops and weak growth or acreage declines for organic grains and oilseeds. Organic soybean acreage, for example, declined 7% during this period, to 126,000 acres in 2008 (0.2% of US soybean acreage), while organic apple acreage doubled to 18,000 acres (5% of US apple acreage). Producers in every sector face numerous production and marketing challenges in transitioning to organic production (2,5,7,22). For grains and oilseeds, the costly transition period and uncertainty of future returns reduce the probability of organic conversion, and organic producers may abandon organic management when returns to conventional crop production are high (4). In the early 2000s, several first-time research, conservation, and marketing assistance provisions were included in Congressional legislation to assist organic producers and handlers, including a provision to improve economic data on organic agriculture. Beginning in 2005, USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) and National Agricultural Statistics began including sub-samples targeting organic production of selected commodities in its major annual economic survey of producers, the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). ARMS collects detailed farm financial information, including income, expenses, assets, and debt, as well as farm and o","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75687939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) Experiment Supports Organic Yields, Soil Quality, and Economic Performance in Iowa","authors":"K. Delate, C. Cambardella, Craig A. Chase, A. Johanns, R. Turnbull","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-02-RS","url":null,"abstract":"The Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) experiment, at the Iowa State University (ISU) Neely-Kinyon Farm in Greenfield, IA, was established in 1998 to compare the agronomic, ecological, and economic performance of certified organic cropping systems to conventional counterparts. Cropping systems were designed based on local farmer input and practices. In the second LTAR phase (2002 to 2010), equivalent organic and conventional corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) yields were achieved in the organic corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (C-S-O/A) and corn-soybean-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa (C-S-O/A-A) rotations compared to the conventional corn-soybean rotation (C-S). Organic oat and alfalfa yields, at 103 bu/acre and 4.4 tons/acre, respectively, exceeded county averages of 73 bu/acre and 3.3. tons/acre, for the same period. Similar plant protection occurred in organic crops, without the use of petrochemicals, compared to conventional crops maintained with synthetic pesticides. In Fall 2009, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and extractable K and Ca were 5.7%, 9.5%, 14.2%, and 10.8% higher in organic soils, respectively. Soil properties related to biologically active organic matter were up to 40% higher in organic soils. Economic returns to land and management in 2010 were $510/acre in the organic C-S-O/A-A rotation compared to $351/acre in the C-S rotation. The LTAR experiment will be continued as a valuable demonstration of the potential for organic crops to achieve comparable yields while increasing carbon sequestration and economic returns compared to conventional corn and soybean rotations.","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79377790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Organic Copolymer Fertilizer Additive on Phosphorus Starter Fertilizer Response by Corn","authors":"Sheri Cahill,&nbsp;Ronald J. Gehl,&nbsp;Deanna Osmond,&nbsp;David Hardy","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0322-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0322-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fertilizer additive products have recently been developed with the intention of reducing phosphate fixation and improving phosphorus plant availability. We conducted two experiments at multiple North Carolina locations from 2007-2009 to evaluate the effects of an organic copolymer phosphorus fertilizer additive, AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer (Specialty Fertilizer Products, Leawood, KS), on corn (<i>Zea maize</i> L.) nutrient uptake, growth, and yield. Treatments included a combination of diammonium phosphate (DAP, [(NH₄)₄HPO₄]) P fertilizer rates with and without AVAIL. Grain yields did not differ across fertilizer treatments or across low, medium, or very high initial soil test phosphorus. Grain P concentration differed among treatments in only 2 of 16 site-years, where the N-only treatment had less tissue P than the treatments including P with or without AVAIL. Also, N-only plots occasionally had shorter plants compared with DAP and DAP + AVAIL. Treating DAP with AVAIL did not consistently affect corn plant growth parameters in the Piedmont and Mountain Regions of North Carolina, and using treated DAP did not offer a consistent agronomic benefit over DAP- or N-only fertilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0322-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91861837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, and Mesotrione for Weed Control in Sweet Corn on Organic Soils","authors":"Dennis C. Odero,&nbsp;Alan L. Wright","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0227-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0227-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field experiments were conducted at the Everglades Research and Education Center in Belle Glade, FL, during 2011 and 2012 to evaluate weed control and sweet corn response to preemergence application of pyroxasulfone, <i>S</i>-metolachlor, and mesotrione on high organic matter soils (up to 85%) of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in southern Florida. Pyroxasulfone (0.21 and 0.43 lb a.i./acre) controlled spiny amaranth, common lambsquarters, and common purslane 91 to 100, 95 to 100, and 94 to 99% at 49 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. <i>S</i>-metolachlor (2.48 and 4.97 lb a.i./acre) controlled these respective weeds 98 to 99, 17 to 42, and 70 to 80%. Mesotrione (0.19 lb a.i./acre) at this timing controlled spiny amaranth, common lambsquarters, and common purslane 78, 95, and 24%, respectively. No above ground visible injury of sweet corn was observed irrespective of herbicide or rate. Overall, pyroxasulfone resulted in higher sweet corn yield compared to <i>S</i>-metolachlor and mesotrione. The results of this study show that preemergence pyroxasulfone can provide effective residual control of problematic broadleaf weeds that is more consistent than <i>S</i>-metolachlor or mesotrione in sweet corn on high organic matter soils of the EAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0227-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91878229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}