Crop Management最新文献

{"title":"Seed Tape Effects on Corn Emergence under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"Ramarao Venkatesh, Peter R. Thomison, Colette K. Gabriel, Mark A. Bennett, Elaine M. Grassbaugh, Matthew D. Kleinhenz, Scott A. Shearer, Santosh K. Pitla","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR","url":null,"abstract":"Seed tape has recently received attention as an alternative planting system for smallholder farmers in underdeveloped regions of South America, Africa, China, and India (Mateus, 2014). Seed companies are also developing seed-tape planting systems for germplasm evaluations (Deppermann et al., 2013). Although seed tape has been promoted as a method for ensuring uniform seed spacing and plant density of smallseeded flowers, herbs, and vegetables (Chancellor, 1969), little or no information is available on the use of seed tape for largerseeded row crops and its effect on crop emergence. The objective of this study was to compare the emergence of corn seed embedded in tape to seeds planted by hand and to determine seed tape effects on rate of corn emergence. Experiments were conducted in 2013 in greenhouses at Ohio State University and consisted of two treatments. Corn seed embedded in tape made of biodegradable cellulose, which is the material most widely used by seed tape manufacturers, was compared with seeds planted by hand. Two corn hybrids were used in the study—Pioneer brand 37Y14 treated with fludioxonil, mefenoxam, azoxystrobin, thiabendaz, and thiamethoxam and DeKalb DKC 65-63 treated with difenoconazole, fludioxonil, mefenoxam, and thiamethoxam. Seed tape and seeds were hand planted 2 inches deep in flats with commercial top soil (Fig. 1). Greenhouse temperature was maintained at 70 to 75°F, and metal halide lamps provided approximately 220 mmol–1 m–2 s–1 supplemental photosynthetic photon flux for a 16-h daily photoperiod. Corn emergence was recorded at the first appearance of coleoptile and monitored for approximately 2 weeks. Mean emergence time (MET) and emergence rate index (ERI) were used to measure how quickly and uniformly the corn emerged after planting. Multiple emergence counts were taken and used to calculate MET and ERI (Karayel and Ozmerzi, 2002). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times for each run. The experiment was repeated eight times (total of 24 replications), and a total of 240 seeds was used for each treatment (120 Published in Crop Management DOI 10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71932486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Tape Effects on Corn Emergence under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"R. Venkatesh, P. Thomison, C. K. Gabriel, M. Bennett, E. M. Grassbaugh, M. Kleinhenz, S. Shearer, Santosh K. Pitla","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR","url":null,"abstract":"Seed tape has recently received attention as an alternative planting system for smallholder farmers in underdeveloped regions of South America, Africa, China, and India (Mateus, 2014). Seed companies are also developing seed-tape planting systems for germplasm evaluations (Deppermann et al., 2013). Although seed tape has been promoted as a method for ensuring uniform seed spacing and plant density of smallseeded flowers, herbs, and vegetables (Chancellor, 1969), little or no information is available on the use of seed tape for largerseeded row crops and its effect on crop emergence. The objective of this study was to compare the emergence of corn seed embedded in tape to seeds planted by hand and to determine seed tape effects on rate of corn emergence. Experiments were conducted in 2013 in greenhouses at Ohio State University and consisted of two treatments. Corn seed embedded in tape made of biodegradable cellulose, which is the material most widely used by seed tape manufacturers, was compared with seeds planted by hand. Two corn hybrids were used in the study—Pioneer brand 37Y14 treated with fludioxonil, mefenoxam, azoxystrobin, thiabendaz, and thiamethoxam and DeKalb DKC 65-63 treated with difenoconazole, fludioxonil, mefenoxam, and thiamethoxam. Seed tape and seeds were hand planted 2 inches deep in flats with commercial top soil (Fig. 1). Greenhouse temperature was maintained at 70 to 75°F, and metal halide lamps provided approximately 220 mmol–1 m–2 s–1 supplemental photosynthetic photon flux for a 16-h daily photoperiod. Corn emergence was recorded at the first appearance of coleoptile and monitored for approximately 2 weeks. Mean emergence time (MET) and emergence rate index (ERI) were used to measure how quickly and uniformly the corn emerged after planting. Multiple emergence counts were taken and used to calculate MET and ERI (Karayel and Ozmerzi, 2002). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times for each run. The experiment was repeated eight times (total of 24 replications), and a total of 240 seeds was used for each treatment (120 Published in Crop Management DOI 10.2134/CM-2014-0051-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87619049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Responses to Furrow Diking in North Carolina","authors":"W. Foote, R. Nuti, K. Edmisten, D. Jordan, R. Wells, L. Fisher","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0008-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0008-RS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"14 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77375904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient Sufficiency Concepts for Modern Corn Hybrids: Impacts of Management Practices and Yield Levels","authors":"I. Ciampitti, T. Vyn","doi":"10.2134/CM-2013-0022-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2013-0022-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 70 years, national corn yield gains have occurred because of superior genetic yield potentials and management improvements such as improved water management, higher plant densities, and earlier planting dates. Some management recommendations, such as those from seed companies that promote optimum plant densities, are often environment, hybrid, and/or yield-range specific. Nitrogen rate recommendations for corn are updated annually in the Corn Belt states and are sometimes adjusted for regions or soil zones within a state. In contrast, nutrient guidelines for nutrients other than N are assumed to be constant per unit of yield produced, and have generally not been updated in key corn-producing states. Some recent studies providing nutrient content values for corn grain and/or stover did not account for management practices and yield levels for which nutrient replacement recommendations would be pertinent. The purpose of this report is to illustrate how macroand micronutrient contents for modern corn hybrids can change in the context of diverse plant densities, N rates, and accompanying yield range influences in certain environments. The information presented here can be used to better understand nutrient content and removal for more precisely implementing best nutrient management practices for current corn hybrids at diverse yield ranges. Optimum nutrient management (recently popularized as using the “4Rs” approach involving selection of right rate, time, placement and source [IPNI, 2012]) should be pursued to increase corn yields in a sustainable manner. Current nutrient management decisions for nutrients other than N are typically based on publicly available information that may be more pertinent for corn hybrids and management in earlier decades (Chandler, 1960; Hanway, 1962a, 1962b; Jordan et al., 1950; Karlen et al., 1987, 1988; Sayre, 1948), although there have been some more recent recommendations for specific nutrients (Bundy, 2004; Fernandez, 2012; Sawyer and Mallarino, 2007). Total plant nutrient content or grain nutrient removal calculations are now based on constant nutrient concentration Published in Crop Management DOI 10.2134/CM-2013-0022-RS © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. I.A. Ciampitti, Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506, and T.J. Vyn, Agronomy Dep., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47906. Received 18 Sept. 2013. *Corresponding author (ciampitti@ksu.edu).","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74354173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Responses to Furrow Diking in North Carolina","authors":"William Foote,&nbsp;Russell Nuti,&nbsp;Keith Edmisten,&nbsp;David Jordan,&nbsp;Randy Wells,&nbsp;Loren Fisher","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0008-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0008-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Furrow diking is the practice of installing earthen dams to form small basins between crop rows to reduce water runoff and improve water retention. Furrow-diking equipment is operated shortly after planting and has been used extensively in the southern Great Plains. Research evaluating crop response to furrow diking is limited in North Carolina and other southeastern states. Experiments were conducted to determine cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) and peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) yields following furrow diking in conventional and strip tillage systems. Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) response to furrow diking was determined only in conventional tillage systems. In the experiments where tillage was compared, variability in cotton and peanut response to tillage was observed, whereas diking did not affect yield of these crops. In separate experiments with conventional tillage only, peanut and corn yields were not affected by the diking treatment. However, in one experiment conducted at five sites in conventional tillage only, cotton yield increased by 7% when furrow diking was included. Although these results indicate that peanut and corn may be nonresponsive to furrow diking on coarse-textured soils in the coastal plain of North Carolina, additional research is needed to make a concrete assessment of potential of furrow diking on these crops. While variability was noted when comparing experiments, cotton responded favorably to furrow diking.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/CM-2014-0008-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71951017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Residual from Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Failed Corn on the Following Wheat Crop","authors":"D. Sweeney, D. R. Diaz","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR","url":null,"abstract":"In much of the Midwest in 2012, extreme hot and dry conditions reduced crop yields, especially corn (Zea mays L.) (USDA-NAAS, 2013). Drought-induced, low-yielding conditions likely resulted in low nitrogen uptake by the crops and the potential for unused fertilizer N left in the soil. However, the potential carryover of unused N fertilizer is uncertain because of the dynamics of N cycling. In 2012, a study was initiated to determine the effect of N rates and nitrification inhibitors on no-till short-season corn. The study was conducted at the Kansas State University Southeast Agricultural Research Center on a Parsons silt loam, a typical claypan soil of the area. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block with four replications with N rates as the whole plots and nitrification inhibitors as the subplots, plus an untreated control. All N was subsurface banded (knifed) as urea-ammonium nitrate (28% N) at a 4-inch depth on 10 Apr. 2012 at rates of 60, 120, 180, and 240 lb/acre. In addition, the knife blades without fertilizer were passed through the no-N control plots. The nitrification inhibitors were (i) none, (ii) Instinct at 35 oz/acre, (iii) Koch experimental at 128 oz/acre, and (iv) Koch experimental at 256 oz/acre. Partially because of replanting in early May, corn growth before silking and during much of the reproductive growth fell in a period from 22 June to 4 Aug. 2012 with total rainfall of 0.75 inches and average maximum air temperature of 99.4°F which is less than 20% of the rain and approximately 10°F hotter than the 30-year average. These conditions resulted in corn yields less than 27 bu/acre with no response to nitrification inhibitors and a slight decline in yields as N rate increased (data not shown). A typical rotation of the area is to follow corn with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Since the 2012 experiment would not be repeated, the corn crop was followed with a hard red winter wheat cultivar, ‘Everest’ drilled on 12 Oct. 2012 with no added fertilizer and no tillage. To study the residual effect of the N treatments, the same plots with the same experimental Published in Crop Management DOI 10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84549445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Residual from Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Failed Corn on the Following Wheat Crop","authors":"Daniel W. Sweeney,&nbsp;Dorivar Ruiz Diaz","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR","url":null,"abstract":"In much of the Midwest in 2012, extreme hot and dry conditions reduced crop yields, especially corn (Zea mays L.) (USDA-NAAS, 2013). Drought-induced, low-yielding conditions likely resulted in low nitrogen uptake by the crops and the potential for unused fertilizer N left in the soil. However, the potential carryover of unused N fertilizer is uncertain because of the dynamics of N cycling. In 2012, a study was initiated to determine the effect of N rates and nitrification inhibitors on no-till short-season corn. The study was conducted at the Kansas State University Southeast Agricultural Research Center on a Parsons silt loam, a typical claypan soil of the area. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block with four replications with N rates as the whole plots and nitrification inhibitors as the subplots, plus an untreated control. All N was subsurface banded (knifed) as urea-ammonium nitrate (28% N) at a 4-inch depth on 10 Apr. 2012 at rates of 60, 120, 180, and 240 lb/acre. In addition, the knife blades without fertilizer were passed through the no-N control plots. The nitrification inhibitors were (i) none, (ii) Instinct at 35 oz/acre, (iii) Koch experimental at 128 oz/acre, and (iv) Koch experimental at 256 oz/acre. Partially because of replanting in early May, corn growth before silking and during much of the reproductive growth fell in a period from 22 June to 4 Aug. 2012 with total rainfall of 0.75 inches and average maximum air temperature of 99.4°F which is less than 20% of the rain and approximately 10°F hotter than the 30-year average. These conditions resulted in corn yields less than 27 bu/acre with no response to nitrification inhibitors and a slight decline in yields as N rate increased (data not shown). A typical rotation of the area is to follow corn with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Since the 2012 experiment would not be repeated, the corn crop was followed with a hard red winter wheat cultivar, ‘Everest’ drilled on 12 Oct. 2012 with no added fertilizer and no tillage. To study the residual effect of the N treatments, the same plots with the same experimental Published in Crop Management DOI 10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/CM-2014-0005-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71949170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient Sufficiency Concepts for Modern Corn Hybrids: Impacts of Management Practices and Yield Levels","authors":"Ignacio A. Ciampitti,&nbsp;Tony J. Vyn","doi":"10.2134/CM-2013-0022-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2013-0022-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last 70 years, national corn yield gains have occurred because of superior genetic yield potentials and management improvements such as improved water management, higher plant densities, and earlier planting dates. Some management recommendations, such as those from seed companies that promote optimum plant densities, are often environment, hybrid, and/or yield-range specific. Nitrogen rate recommendations for corn are updated annually in the Corn Belt states and are sometimes adjusted for regions or soil zones within a state. In contrast, nutrient guidelines for nutrients other than N are assumed to be constant per unit of yield produced, and have generally not been updated in key corn-producing states. Some recent studies providing nutrient content values for corn grain and/or stover did not account for management practices and yield levels for which nutrient replacement recommendations would be pertinent. The purpose of this report is to illustrate how macro- and micronutrient contents for modern corn hybrids can change in the context of diverse plant densities, N rates, and accompanying yield range influences in certain environments. The information presented here can be used to better understand nutrient content and removal for more precisely implementing best nutrient management practices for current corn hybrids at diverse yield ranges.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/CM-2013-0022-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71911783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Wheat Planted on 15-Inch Row Spacing in Eastern Kansas","authors":"Douglas Edward Shoup,&nbsp;Eric Allen Adee","doi":"10.2134/CM-2013-0015a-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2013-0015a-RS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/CM-2013-0015a-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71920222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn Yield Is Not Reduced by Mid-Season Establishment of Cover Crops in Northern Great Plains Environments","authors":"Alex D. Bich,&nbsp;Cheryl L. Reese,&nbsp;Ann C. Kennedy,&nbsp;David E. Clay,&nbsp;Sharon A. Clay","doi":"10.2134/CM-2014-0009-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/CM-2014-0009-RS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/CM-2014-0009-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71933666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}