Crop Management最新文献_第10页

Comparison of Pyroxasulfone, S‐metolachlor, and Mesotrione for Weed Control in Sweet Corn on Organic Soils 吡咯砜、S -甲草胺和中唑酮在有机土壤上防治甜玉米杂草的比较

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0227-01-RS

D. Odero, A. Wright

引用次数: 1

Grain Sorghum Nutrient Uptake and Yield Following Turkey Litter and Fertilizer Applications on a Claypan Soil 土鸡凋落物和施肥对黏土土壤上高粱养分吸收和产量的影响

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0085-RS

D. Sweeney, G. Pierzynski, P. Barnes

引用次数: 3

Spring Wheat Production and Associated Pests in Conventional and Diversified Cropping Systems in North Central Montana 蒙大拿州中北部常规和多样化种植制度下的春小麦生产及相关害虫

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0017-RS

A. Lenssen, D. Long, W. Grey, S. Blodgett, H. Goosey

{"title":"Spring Wheat Production and Associated Pests in Conventional and Diversified Cropping Systems in North Central Montana","authors":"A. Lenssen, D. Long, W. Grey, S. Blodgett, H. Goosey","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0017-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0017-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Producers in the northern plains are diversifying and intensifying traditional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based cropping systems by reducing summer fallow and including legume and oilseed crops. This study examined the influence of diversification and intensification on spring wheat yield and quality and associated insects, diseases, and weeds. Research was conducted during the 1998 through 2000 period in farm fields in north central Montana. Conventional rotations included either hard red spring wheat–spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–fallow or spring wheat–fallow. Diversified rotations included replacement of fallow with either annual pulse crops or cool-season oilseeds. Preplant soil water was less in diversified rotations, but residual nitrate was not influenced by rotation type. Insect pests and beneficial arthropods were in greater numbers in conventional rotations. Incidence and severity of crown and root rots of wheat were similar between rotation types, but foliar leaf spot diseases were greater for wheat in conventional rotations. Weed densities were not influenced by rotation type. Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations. Spring wheat in diversified rotations had greater drought stress. Diversification and intensification of spring wheat systems may reduce pests and decrease wheat productivity, particularly when precipitation is inadequate.","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81546113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Soybean Yield as Affected by Planting Date and Maturity Group in the Southern Plains 南方平原大豆种植期和成熟期对产量的影响

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2012-0150-RS

A. Barreiro, C. Godsey

引用次数: 8

Potential of Spring Stover Harvest to Mitigate Stover Removal Impacts 春季秸秆收获减轻秸秆清除影响的潜力

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0062-RS

C. Houser, G. Roth, D. Beyer

引用次数: 0

Organic Data-National Agricultural Statistics Service 有机数据——国家农业统计局

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cm-2013-0429-07-ps

Donald Buysse

引用次数: 0

Social Dimensions of Organic Production and Systems Research 有机生产的社会维度与系统研究

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2012-0429-01-RV

Douglas H. Constance, J. Choi, Damian Lara

{"title":"Social Dimensions of Organic Production and Systems Research","authors":"Douglas H. Constance, J. Choi, Damian Lara","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0429-01-RV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0429-01-RV","url":null,"abstract":"Organic food production in the United States began as a social movement response to the perceived negative externalities of an industrial food system. The agro-ecological advantages and production capabilities of organics have been well documented. To harmonize the various organic certification schemes, the national standard was developed and put into law in 2002. Since that time a process of organic conventionalization and bifurcation has occurred as traditional producers have entered the market and major firms have consolidated their organic positions. Conventionalization refers to the process by which organics take on similar characteristics of the mainstream agrifood system. Bifurcation refers to the process of organics dividing into large scale certified-organic operations selling in indirect markets and small-scale operations selling in direct markets based on trust. In this paper, we review the literature on conventionalization and bifurcation and contextualize it within the larger discussion on the sociology of agrifood. We conclude that organics provide a valuable case for looking at the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of an agricultural system and reveal future challenges regarding the long term sustainability of organics. Background on Organics For rural sociologists, the alternative agrifood system and organics is a central topic of discussion (1,2,9,10,24,40,44,47,72). Organics emerged out of the broader environmental movement that was critical of the negative ecological externalities of industrialism. It is a good example of what German philosopher Ulrich Beck (4) calls reflexive modernization, which would argue that upon reflection we realized that chemical-intensive monoculture generates significant negative externalities. It was a mistake to blindly adopt it but we can fix this error through the reflexive use of science and appropriate technologies, such as growing food using organic methods. Agricultural philosopher Paul Thompson (39) describes these contrasting viewpoints as the industrial and agrarian perspectives. The industrial perspective views agriculture as just another part of industrial society where commodities are produced at the lowest cost possible, while the agrarian, sometimes called alternative, perspective views agriculture as having important social functions beyond its efficient production of commodities. From this view, a major departure from the conventional agriculture model is needed because it is not sustainable. In the 1980s research documented the feasibility of organic production as an alternative to chemical-based agriculture (64,73,74). The USDA LISA/SARE programs were grounded in organic philosophy, but employed the term “sustainable agriculture” to be more politically palatable (1,19,69). After a long battle and resulting compromise, in 2002 the USDA National Organic Program (NOP) created the certified organic label (19,40). While the NOP provided regulatory underpinning for organics, t","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82281041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Grain Sorghum Tolerance and Weed Control with Pyrasulfotole plus Bromoxynil Combinations 嘧磺唑与溴硝腈组合对高粱的耐受性及杂草防治

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0010-RS

D. Fromme, W. Grichar, P. Dotray, C. Fernández

引用次数: 4

Organic Research Activities of the USDA's Agricultural Research Service 美国农业部农业研究局的有机研究活动

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0429-05-PS

Matt C. Smith

{"title":"Organic Research Activities of the USDA's Agricultural Research Service","authors":"Matt C. Smith","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-05-PS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-05-PS","url":null,"abstract":"The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) chief intramural scientific research agency. Our job is finding solutions to agricultural problems that affect Americans every day, from field to table. Organic research is a vital and ongoing part of the overall ARS research portfolio and occurs at approximately 20 % of ARS research locations across the United States. The vision for ARS organic agriculture research is to help the organic industry overcome the challenges it faces related to productivity, profitability, environmental stewardship, and energy efficiency. ARS’s organic research is an interdisciplinary research approach to understand the biological and physical processes innate to plants, soils, invertebrates, and microbes that naturally regulate pest problems and soil fertility so as to not rely on the use of synthetic pesticide and fertilizer production inputs. The agency’s scientists are mainly seeking strategies to prevent the problems faced by organic growers and then, secondarily, looking for therapeutic controls that they can use. From a practical standpoint, this whole-system approach also describes a large part of ARS’s research to improve conventional agriculture. Many of the results and lessons learned from conventional ARS research can be readily applied to organic farming systems, and vice versa. The objective of ARS organic agriculture research is to help producers compete effectively in the marketplace by producing abundant amounts of high-quality and safe products to meet consumer demands. A few illustrative examples of the types of organic research activities being performed by ARS scientists are presented below. The challenge of integrating conservation tillage practices into organic production systems is a primary focus of the research at the Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory (SASL) in Beltsville, MD, and is detailed in an accompanying article in these proceedings. SASL research seeks to address the challenges related to weeds and fertility in organic production. The research is focused primarily on organic grain production but includes practices that are applicable to vegetable production as well. A major SASL asset is a 17-year Farming Systems Project that compares two conventional and three organic grain crop rotations. Recent SASL research has led to the development of improved cover crops for increased fertility, improved soil conservation, and weed control. A scientist at the ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory in Auburn, AL, has been developing new and improved designs for roller-crimpers to manage and terminate cover crops while maintaining high residue cover. Numerous designs and prototypes have been developed and tested in varying cropping systems across the State of Alabama. The most recent version is designed for small vegetable production systems and is powered by a selfpropelled, walk-behind garden tractor (additional information on these efforts is available ","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83241747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of an Organic Copolymer Fertilizer Additive on Phosphorus Starter Fertilizer Response by Corn 有机共聚物肥料添加剂对玉米磷素发酵肥响应的评价

Crop Management Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/CM-2013-0322-01-RS

Sheri Cahill, R. Gehl, D. Osmond, D. Hardy

{"title":"Evaluation of an Organic Copolymer Fertilizer Additive on Phosphorus Starter Fertilizer Response by Corn","authors":"Sheri Cahill, R. Gehl, D. Osmond, D. Hardy","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0322-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0322-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilizer additive products have recently been developed with the intention of reducing phosphate fixation and improving phosphorus plant availability. We conducted two experiments at multiple North Carolina locations from 2007-2009 to evaluate the effects of an organic copolymer phosphorus fertilizer additive, AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer (Specialty Fertilizer Products, Leawood, KS), on corn (Zea maize L.) nutrient uptake, growth, and yield. Treatments included a combination of diammonium phosphate (DAP, [(NH ) HPO ]) P fertilizer rates with and without AVAIL. Grain yields did not differ across fertilizer treatments or across low, medium, or very high initial soil test phosphorus. Grain P concentration differed among treatments in only 2 of 16 site-years, where the N-only treatment had less tissue P than the treatments including P with or without AVAIL. Also, Nonly plots occasionally had shorter plants compared with DAP and DAP + AVAIL. Treating DAP with AVAIL did not consistently affect corn plant growth parameters in the Piedmont and Mountain Regions of North Carolina, and using treated DAP did not offer a consistent agronomic benefit over DAPor N-only fertilization. Introduction New synthetic organic copolymer phosphorus fertilizer additives have been recently developed to combat P-limited crop productivity by reducing phosphate fixation in soil. These products do not supply nutrients and cannot be evaluated based on nutrient content. Some manufacturers claim that these products enhance cation exchange capacity (CEC), moisture-holding capacity, and soil organism populations, and may also stimulate plant root growth and development (4). However, Crozier et al. (4) report that only a small (0.01 to 0.12 meq/100 g) change in CEC could be expected under typical recommendation rates for many of these products and that an increase of CEC in the root zone or carry-over CEC changes for the subsequent crop is unlikely. Similarly, Jones et al. (8) reported that labeled humic acid rates may not significantly increase organic acid concentrations in the soil, based on their greenhouse wheat study where humic acid coatings on monoammonium phosphate (MAP) did not increase P solubility, availability, or uptake, nor did it increase spring wheat grain yields on Montana calcareous and noncalcareous soils. These two studies imply that in order to substantially increase CEC or soil humate, rates much greater than those recommended on product labeling may be needed. Currently, one organic copolymer phosphorus fertilizer additive being marketed throughout much of the USA is AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer. The AVAIL product is available for use with either granular or liquid phosphate fertilizers and consists of long chained, high cation exchange capacity maleic-itaconic copolymers (17,18). In dry form, AVAIL is designed to be coated 4 4 4 22 March 2013 Crop Management onto granular phosphate fertilizers and is reported to surround P fertilizer in a w","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"34 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72636246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11