Crop Management最新文献

{"title":"Soybean Yield as Affected by Planting Date and Maturity Group in the Southern Plains","authors":"A. S. Barreiro,&nbsp;C. B. Godsey","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0150-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0150-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] is normally planted in the Southern Plains between early April and early May using maturity groups (MG) III and IV, or from late May through June using MG IV and V. Planting date (PD) and MG can greatly impact soybean seed yield in rainfed production systems. Our objective was to determine the effects of PD and MG on yield to assist Southern Plains soybean producers in choosing the correct MG for a specific planting period. Five MGs ranging between 3.8 and 5.6 were sown at five PDs between early April and late July in Stillwater, OK in 2009 and 2010 and in Lahoma, OK in 2010. Across site-years, soybean seed yield was reduced 215 kg ha⁻¹ (3.2 bu ac⁻¹) per week when planted after DOY (day of year) 149 (29 May). Overall, MG had little effect on yield if a MG IV or V cultivar was used. Based on these three site-years of research, selection of soybean cultivars within MG IV to V and planting before 29 May provides the greatest chance to maximize soybean seed yield in the Southern Plains.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91782063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Weed Control, Yield, and Net Income in Conventional, Glyphosate-Resistant, and Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean","authors":"Kristin K. Rosenbaum, R. Massey, K. Bradley","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0028-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0028-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Separate field experiments were conducted in central and southeast Missouri during 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer) control, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and net income in conventional, glyphosateresistant, and glufosinate-resistant soybean production systems. Visual control evaluations 10 wk after emergence at the waterhemp site revealed that all preemergence only applications (PRE-only) and preemergence followed by a postemergence applications (PRE fb POST) provided greater than 92% waterhemp control in either soybean system and at the Palmer amaranth site and all PREonly provided greater than 83% Palmer amaranth control across soybean systems. Averaged across all herbicide programs at both locations, glufosinate-resistant soybean provided the highest grain yield and net return followed by glyphosate-resistant and conventional soybean systems. Furthermore, with the exception of the conventional PRE-only program at the waterhemp site, all glyphosate-resistant soybean herbicide programs provided greater net return than all conventional herbicide programs. Collectively, the results from both trials indicate that programs containing PRE herbicide treatments provide the best opportunity for season-long control of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and highest grain yields and net returns in conventional, glyphosate-resistant, or glufosinateresistant soybean systems. The results from these experiments also suggest that Palmer amaranth may be particularly difficult to control in conventional soybean systems. Problematic Weeds and Weed Management Systems Palmer amaranth and waterhemp, both members of the Amaranthus family, are two of the most troublesome agronomic weeds in the United States due to their extended period of emergence, rapid growth at high light intensities and temperatures, and prolific seed production (10,14,18,27). In Missouri, the most common pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) species Published in Crop Management DOI 10.1094/CM-2013-0028-RS © Plant Management Network All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Kristin K. Rosenbaum, Graduate Research Assistant, Division of Plant Sciences, 205 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; Raymond E. Massey, Extension Professor, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 223D Mumford Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; and Kevin W. Bradley, Associate Professor, Division of Plant Sciences, 201 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Received 1 Aug. 2013. *Corr","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76398647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain Sorghum Nutrient Uptake and Yield Following Turkey Litter and Fertilizer Applications on a Claypan Soil","authors":"Daniel W. Sweeney,&nbsp;Gary M. Pierzynski,&nbsp;Phillip L. Barnes","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0085-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0085-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Information is limited on crop response to turkey (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>) litter applications on claypan soils in the eastern Great Plains. Our objectives were (i) to compare yield, yield components, and N and P nutrient uptake by grain sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] grown on a claypan soil amended with turkey litter manure and fertilizer and (ii) to compare the influence of incorporation of turkey litter by tillage to application with no tillage. The experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007. Even though yields were low, especially in 2006, grain sorghum yielded 39 to 69% more with fertilizer and/or turkey litter applications than in the control. Turkey litter applied based on crop N needs did not improve sorghum yields above those obtained with fertilizer or with P-based, incorporated litter. Compared with no tillage, incorporation of P-based turkey litter increased 2-yr (2005 and 2007) average yields and appeared to be related to improved N uptake amount and rate. Even though N-based turkey litter applications, which overapply P, resulted in greater maximum P uptake rates, the apparent P recovery was low (7%) and the higher P uptake did not provide much additional yield. While use of turkey litter is a viable option, measured sorghum responses would not support annual, N-based turkey litter applications, especially when environmental risks are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0085-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Starter Fertilizer on Cotton Growth, Development, Lint Yield, and Fiber Quality Production for an Early Planted No-Till System","authors":"William T. Pettigrew,&nbsp;William T. Molin","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0012-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0012-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improved yield potentials occur when planting cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) early, but cool conditions associated with early planting can hamper seedling growth. Starter fertilizers could be a source of P for seedling growth under cool conditions due to reduced soil P mineralization. The objective was to document how cotton cultivars responded to starter fertilizer application when planted early in a no-till production system. Seven cultivars were grown no-till during 2008 through 2010. Plots received an in-furrow starter fertilizer application or were untreated. Dry matter partitioning, light interception, lint yield, and fiber quality data were collected. Stands were reduced 20% by the starter fertilizer. Few growth differences were detected by treated and untreated plots although the starter fertilizer did elicit a single 17% increase in the blooming rate at 90 days after planting in 2009. Despite the lack of growth differences and the reduced stands, starter fertilizer increased yields 4% in 2 of the 3 yr. Few consistent fiber quality differences were detected between the fertility treatments. Starter fertilizer application can produce a modest yield improvement when used in an early planting no-till cotton production system. Producers must decide whether this modest yield boost is economically sufficient to justify the additional input costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0012-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91782066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeding Rate Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea in South Dakota","authors":"T. Nleya, J. Rickertsen","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0001-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0001-RS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87965231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Glyphosate Residues on Daughter Seed Potato Growth","authors":"Andrew P. Robinson","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0626-01-BR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0626-01-BR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91940513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Pillbug (Isopoda: Armadillidiidae) in Soybean","authors":"W. A. Johnson,&nbsp;S. Alfaress,&nbsp;R. J. Whitworth,&nbsp;B. P. McCornack","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0165-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0165-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Damaging populations of pillbugs (<i>Armadillidium vulgare</i>) occur in Kansas, resulting in reduced soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) stands with few reliable control measures. Combinations of cultural and chemical controls were examined to effectively maintain soybean stands in the presence of pillbug feeding. Field studies during 2009-2010 demonstrated that a higher seeding rate (296,526 seeds/acre) compared to a lower seeding rate (148,262 seeds/acre) resulted in consistently higher plant counts (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), which may be useful to growers trying to avoid replanting costs under significant pillbug infestations. Other than seeding rate, none of the individual and combined control measures appeared to be effective in maintaining stands across years, fields, and varying levels of pillbugs (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). However, pillbug numbers were variable between fields, suggesting that further research is needed to examine their distribution and feeding behaviors to better understand the likelihood of damage to stands. A better understanding of this relationship will help determine if doubling seeding rates is an acceptable alternative to replanting stands.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91857613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Tribenuron Alone and Following Preemergence Herbicides in Tribenuron-Resistant Sunflower","authors":"Amar S. Godar,&nbsp;Phillip W. Stahlman,&nbsp;J. Anita Dille","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0621-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0621-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field experiments were conducted near Hays, KS, USA in 2007 and 2008 to assess the effectiveness of postemergence (POST)-applied tribenuron-methyl (tribenuron hereafter) with and without preemergence (PRE) herbicides in tribenuron-resistant sunflower. Treatments consisted of two rates of tribenuron (9 and 18 g ai/ha) alone and labeled rates of PRE-applied pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, or <i>S</i>-metolachlor followed by tribenuron POST at 9 and 18 g/ha. Tribenuron with PRE herbicides provided little or no better control of kochia, puncturevine, or Russian thistle compared to tribenuron alone. However, tribenuron following PRE sulfentrazone at 140 g/ha or <i>S</i>-metolachlor at 1400 g/ha improved tumble pigweed control by at least 13% compared to tribenuron alone both years. Tribenuron treatments in 2007 caused temporal chlorosis and stunting but did not affect crop height at R5 stage. Either rate of tribenuron following sulfentrazone or <i>S</i>-metolachlor produced the highest yield ranging from 1940 to 2010 kg/ha. The small improvement in control of some species achieved with PRE-POST treatments likely was not enough to off-set the additional cost compared to results of a timely application of tribenuron at full rate. However, PRE herbicide use reduces the risks of weed competition resulting from untimely POST applications and of tribenuron not controlling ALS-resistant weed biotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0621-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91857614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of Reniform Nematode and Browntop Millet to Tillage, Cover Crop, and Herbicides in Cotton","authors":"William T. Molin,&nbsp;Salliana R. Stetina","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0428-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0428-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cropping practices that suppress reniform nematode (<i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i>) and browntop millet (<i>Urochlora ramosum</i>) may help minimize losses in cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>). The impacts of tillage, a rye cover crop, and application of preemergence and postemergence herbicides on cotton yields, reniform nematode populations, and browntop millet control were investigated from 2005 to 2007 at Stoneville, MS. Cotton yields were highest with conventional tillage and were reduced by rye cover crop. Reniform nematode population densities were not affected by tillage, cover crop, or herbicide treatments. Browntop millet control was highest with conventional tillage combined with preemergence herbicides, and these practices could benefit producers who need to manage this weed. Browntop millet was not controlled as well where a rye cover crop was grown. Management practices are still needed to control reniform nematodes in cotton, but the management practices that suppressed browntop millet did not affect reniform nematode populations and could likely be used without increasing the risk of damage from the nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0428-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91942208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USDA Support for Organic Agriculture across the Research, Education, and Economics (REE) Agencies","authors":"Catherine Woteki","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-PS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-PS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has supported some research, education and extension related to organic agriculture for several decades, with significant increases in recent years, particularly since The Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) established the National Organic Program (NOP) in 1990. Final rules for implementing this legislation came out in 2000 and nationwide organic standards for certification under a national organic label were first established in 2002. The sale of certified organic products has continued to grow ever since.</p><p>Research, Education, and Economics (REE) conducts or funds the vast majority of organic agriculture research, education and extension at USDA. REE consists of four agencies: our intramural (research-conducting) agency the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), our extramural (research-funding) agency the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), and our two economic and statistical agencies: the Economic Research Service (ERS) and the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Economic studies at ERS have expanded USDA's and the American public's understanding of the fast growing organic market for consumers and export. The current work by NASS on the 2012 Agricultural Census will increase data on organic products and their distribution chain. NIFA programs have helped to fund long-term research trials as well as specific topics such as major focus on disease and weed problems, nutrition and water relationships, effects on natural resources, and economic and marketing needs. ARS conducts organic farming research to understand the scientific basis of biological and physical processes that naturally regulate soil fertility and pests, emphasizing whole-system preventive solutions.</p><p>Due to support from USDA stakeholders and partnerships with the Land-Grant institutions and between USDA agencies, funding for research more than doubled from 2005 to 2010. Between 2002 and 2010, the REE mission area contributed over $275 million and over 2400 projects in support of organic research. Along with the growth in funding has come increasing interest in the role that organic agriculture may play in addressing the major agricultural challenges of our times.</p><p>To be innovative in approaching current and emerging agricultural scientific issues and to plan for future USDA research and education to help solve domestic and global challenges, USDA has developed the REE Action Plan. The Action Plan addresses seven goals: food security, climate and energy needs, sustainable use of natural resources, nutrition and childhood obesity, food safety, education and science literacy, and rural prosperity and rural-urban interdependence. There is currently work going on in many of these areas that relates to organic agriculture, especially gaining knowledge related to ecologically-based systems that are inherent in the practice of organic agriculture.</p><p><b>Food security.</b> There will be ","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1094/CM-2013-0429-04-PS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91569706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}