Crop Management最新文献

{"title":"Land-Applied Swine Lagoon Sludge Impacts Soil Concentrations and Crop Uptake of Zinc and Copper","authors":"Daniel W. Israel,&nbsp;T. Jot Smyth,&nbsp;David H. Hardy","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0156-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0156-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Swine lagoon sludge applications to crop land are based on N requirements of the receiver crop. Since sludge Cu and Zn concentrations exceed levels required for optimum crop production, repeated application to the same field could result in toxic levels of soil Zn and Cu. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of swine lagoon sludge application to corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) on Zn and Cu concentrations in the soil, accumulation in the crop and removal from the field in grain. Sludge rates generated treatments that ranged from 165 to 655 kg total N ha⁻¹, from 22 to 88 kg Zn ha⁻¹, and from 14 to 54 kg Cu ha⁻¹. The optimum N rate for grain yield at the test site was 327 kg N ha⁻¹. The slope for the increase in Mehlich-3 extractable soil Zn to applied Zn was 3-fold greater than the slope for the increase in Mehlich-3 extractable soil Cu to applied Cu. Stover contained higher Zn and Cu concentrations and accumulated larger amounts of total Zn and Cu than grain. Zinc and Cu removal in grain of one crop compared to amounts applied at the agronomic N optimum (327 kg N ha⁻¹) indicates that cropping for decades to centuries would be required to lower soil Zn and Cu levels to pre-application levels. Therefore, application of swine lagoon sludge to crop land must be managed to avoid increases in Mehlich-3 extractable soil Zn and Cu to phytotoxic levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2012-0156-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removing Corn Stover Has Little Effect on Soybean Performance in a Corn–Soybean Rotation","authors":"K. Nelson, Deanna S. Boardman-Smith, W. Wiebold","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0177-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0177-RS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain Yield, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value of Dual-Purpose Small Grains in the Central High Plains of the USA","authors":"M. Anowarul Islam,&nbsp;Augustine K. Obour,&nbsp;Malay C. Saha,&nbsp;Jerry J. Nachtman,&nbsp;Wendy K. Cecil,&nbsp;Robert E. Baumgartner","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0154-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0154-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dual-purpose small grains can extend the grazing period without compromising grain yield. In the Central High Plains of the USA, though vast acreages of wheat are planted each year, dual-purpose production is not common. This study evaluated the grain yield, forage yield, and forage nutritive value of two experimental lines along with a check cultivar from each of three species of small grains (rye, triticale, and wheat) in a replicated trial during 2008 to 2011. Average forage yields of rye and triticale lines were consistently greater than wheat. Forage yields of rye and triticale experimental lines were greater than the check cultivars. The check wheat cultivar Jagalene, however, produced more forage than wheat experimental lines. Wheat forage nutritive values were greater than rye, but similar to triticale. Grain yields of wheat were greater than triticale and rye. Small grains show potential for both forage and grain production in the Central High Plains.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pyroxasulfone to Soil Residual Herbicides for Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth Control in Glyphosate Resistant Soybean","authors":"Timothy L. Grey,&nbsp;George S. Cutts III,&nbsp;Larry J. Newsome,&nbsp;Sanford H. Newell III","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0032-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0032-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-resistant Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> S. Wats.) has become the most common and troublesome weed in multiple crops in the southeast United States. Pyroxasulfone inhibits biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and can provide soil residual weed control. However, there has been little information about pyroxasulfone for control of weeds in the southeastern United States. Experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 in fields infested with multiple weeds including glyphosate- and ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth to compare herbicides with different modes of action. These included pyroxasulfone, a VLCFA inhibitor, <i>S</i>-metolachlor (a VLCFA inhibitor), flumioxazin, a protoporphyinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitor, metribuzin, a photosystem II inhibitor, fomesafen (a PROTOX inhibitor), and glyphosate, an enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosate synthase inhibitor. Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] (Asgrow DP7870 RR in 2010 and Asgrow AG6931 in 2011) were conventionally planted and evaluated for injury, stand density, and yields. Weed control was based on evaluation of glyphosate- and ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth, sicklepod [<i>Senna obtusifolia</i> (L.) H.S.Irwin &amp; Barneby], Florida beggarweed [<i>Desmodium tortuosum</i> (Sw.) DC.], smallflower morningglory [<i>Jacquemontia tamnifolia</i> (L.) Griseb.], and wild poinsettia (<i>Euphorbia heterophylla</i> L.). There were no effects on soybean emergence for any preemergence (PRE) herbicide treatment. There was no significant soybean injury with pyroxasulfone at rates of 0.86 to 2.57 oz a.i./acre for PRE or early postemergence (EPOST) application. For season-long residual control of glyphosate- and ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth, pyroxasulfone at 1.28 oz a.i./acre and greater were required for 87% and greater control. Pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin at 1.50 and 1.01 oz a.i./acre PRE, respectively, provided season-long Palmer amaranth control at 99%. Pyroxasulfone also controlled Florida beggarweed and smallflower morningglory. A combination of PRE, EPOST, and postemergence (POST) herbicide applications (glyphosate or fomesafen) were required for sicklepod and wild poinsettia control. Maximum yields required the combination of residual PRE and contact and residual EPOST herbicide applications. Successful soybean production in the southeast United States will require crop rotation and use of multiple herbicide modes of action PRE, EPOST, and POST to minimize herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth related issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0032-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spring Wheat Production and Associated Pests in Conventional and Diversified Cropping Systems in North Central Montana","authors":"Andrew W. Lenssen,&nbsp;Dan S. Long,&nbsp;William E. Grey,&nbsp;Sue L. Blodgett,&nbsp;Hayes B. Goosey","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0017-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0017-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Producers in the northern plains are diversifying and intensifying traditional wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)-based cropping systems by reducing summer fallow and including legume and oilseed crops. This study examined the influence of diversification and intensification on spring wheat yield and quality and associated insects, diseases, and weeds. Research was conducted during the 1998 through 2000 period in farm fields in north central Montana. Conventional rotations included either hard red spring wheat–spring barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.)–fallow or spring wheat–fallow. Diversified rotations included replacement of fallow with either annual pulse crops or cool-season oilseeds. Preplant soil water was less in diversified rotations, but residual nitrate was not influenced by rotation type. Insect pests and beneficial arthropods were in greater numbers in conventional rotations. Incidence and severity of crown and root rots of wheat were similar between rotation types, but foliar leaf spot diseases were greater for wheat in conventional rotations. Weed densities were not influenced by rotation type. Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations. Spring wheat in diversified rotations had greater drought stress. Diversification and intensification of spring wheat systems may reduce pests and decrease wheat productivity, particularly when precipitation is inadequate.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91782064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain Sorghum Tolerance and Weed Control with Pyrasulfotole plus Bromoxynil Combinations","authors":"Dan D. Fromme,&nbsp;W. James Grichar,&nbsp;Peter A. Dotray,&nbsp;Carlos J. Fernandez","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0010-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0010-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research was conducted in Texas from 2010 through 2012 to evaluate combinations of pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil for weed control and grain sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] response. In most instances, combinations of pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil applied early postemergence controlled Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> S. Wats), devil's-claw [<i>Proboscidea louisianica</i> (Mill.) Thellung], pitted morningglory (<i>Ipomoea lacunosa</i> L.), and smellmelon [<i>Cucumis melo</i> L. subsp. <i>agrestis</i> (Naudin) Pangalo var. <i>dudaim</i> (L.) Naudin (syn. <i>Cucumis melo</i> L. var. <i>dudaim</i> Naud.)] at least 81%. However, these combinations controlled Texas millet [(<i>Urochloa texana</i> (Buckl.) L.] no more than 72%. Horse purslane (<i>Trianthema portulacastrum</i> L.) was controlled completely when pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil was applied to plants ≤10 cm in height but no more than 65% when applied to taller plants. Pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations injured grain sorghum transiently and injury was not apparent later in the season. Early season injury caused by combinations of pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil did not adversely affect yield except in the case of pyrasulfotole at 0.03 kg a.i./ha plus bromoxynil at 0.20 kg a.i./ha plus atrazine at 0.58 kg a.i./ha plus dicamba at 0.13 kg a.i./ha. Results from this research indicate that combinations of pyrasulfotole and bromoxynil can be effective in managing problematic weeds in Texas.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0010-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removing Corn Stover Has Little Effect on Soybean Performance in a Corn–Soybean Rotation","authors":"Kellar E. Nelson,&nbsp;Deanna S. Boardman-Smith,&nbsp;William J. Wiebold","doi":"10.1094/CM-2012-0177-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2012-0177-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) stover is an attractive choice for cellulosic ethanol production because it is readily available and easily obtainable. Understanding how corn stover removal affects soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) emergence and yield is essential to developing appropriate management recommendations for both crops in a corn–soybean rotation. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the effects of corn stover removal on soybean emergence and yield and (ii) if cover crops ameliorate any of the possible negative effects to soybean from corn stover removal. Removing stover allowed soil temperature to increase, slightly, but cover crops had little or no effect. Stover removal and cover crops had no effect on three soybean emergence parameters except stover removal resulted in a more nearly uniform stand in 1 yr. Soybean stand density increased with stover removal. Soybean grain yield was not affected by either stover removal or the use of cover crops. Removing corn stover may have long term effects on important soil characteristics and these may impact future grain-crop productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91782065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Spring Stover Harvest to Mitigate Stover Removal Impacts","authors":"Christian D. Houser,&nbsp;Greg W. Roth,&nbsp;David M. Beyer","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0062-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0062-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Demand for corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) stover for biofuel production and feed and animal bedding and in Pennsylvania as a substrate for mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) production has been increasing. Harvesting stover in the spring and the fall was evaluated for 2 yr in Pennsylvania to estimate the impacts on the yield, nutrient content, and nutrient removal for the two harvest times. Stover yields in the spring (5342 lb/acre) averaged 2021 lb/acre or 27% less than fall stover yields (7363 lb/acre). Stover yields in the spring relative to the fall ranged from 59 to 89% indicating that overwinter conditions can impact spring stover yields. The nutrient concentration in the stover was generally similar from fall to spring, except that potassium concentrations declined from 0.74 to 0.30%, respectively, which indicates that nearly 60% of the potassium leached back into the soil. Lower potassium levels resulted in K₂O removal rates per ton to be reduced from 18.0 to 7.2 lb. At current fertilizer prices, this reduced nutrient removal costs from US$12.26 to $5.92/ton. Although yields may be reduced, spring stover harvest could be a tactic to reduce the potential for erosion and runoff, reduce nutrient removal, and minimize some residue management issues with the next crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeding Rate Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea in South Dakota","authors":"Thandiwe Nleya,&nbsp;John Rickertsen","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0001-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0001-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) has recently been introduced to the semiarid regions of South Dakota. <i>Kabuli</i> type varieties targeted for the high value salad bar market dominate production in the state. Very little is known about the response of chickpea varieties to changes in management practices such as planting dates and fertilizer and seeding rates. This study was conducted at two locations in 2005 to 2006 to determine the effect of seeding rate on chickpea yield and yield components. The study had two <i>kabuli</i> chickpea varieties each year and six seeding rates ranging from 10 to 60 viable seeds/m². Increasing the seeding rate increased seed yield at the two locations in both years. Optimum seeding rate for maximizing seed yield ranged from 40.6 to 52.5 seeds/m² depending on growing conditions. Harvest index was relatively constant at seeding rates above 20 seeds/m². Chickpea plants compensated for low plant populations by producing more pods per plant although this was not enough to maintain high yield at low seeding rates in all environments. Seed weight decreased with increasing seeding rate suggesting that higher plant populations result in smaller seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/CM-2013-0001-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Cover Crop Use on New York Dairy Farms","authors":"Emmaline Long,&nbsp;Quirine Ketterings,&nbsp;Karl Czymmek","doi":"10.1094/CM-2013-0019-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2013-0019-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover crops have been promoted as a management approach to provide environmental benefits to annual cropping systems and are gaining popularity in New York. Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) silage rotations in New York may be a particular area where adoption of cover crops should be further promoted. Greater knowledge about successful management practices, soil health improvements, and N management is needed. In this study, 115 New York dairy farmers were surveyed to gain insight into the issues that serve as barriers to adoption of cover crops. Two surveys were developed and targeted to farmers (i) with experience growing cover crops (73 farmers) and (ii) without cover crop experience (42 farmers). Farmers with cover crop experience were motivated to use cover crops to reduce risk of erosion, improve soil organic matter levels, and capture end-of-season N. On average, 19% of the total cropland and 48% of the corn acreage were cover cropped annually. Cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) was the most common cover crop. Timing and costs were raised as barriers for adoption by farmers without cover crop experience. Most farmers who started using cover crops continued to do so; only 14% had discontinued use, citing lack of time and delay in corn planting as reasons. Results of this survey showed potential for expanding acreage of cover crops in New York.</p>","PeriodicalId":100342,"journal":{"name":"Crop Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91781955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}