Crop Design最新文献

{"title":"Global perspectives on sorghum production: A SPAR-4-SLR framework of its role, trends, and climate-resilient strategies","authors":"Eliakira Kisetu Nassary ,&nbsp;Aneth Japhet Magubika ,&nbsp;George Muhamba Tryphone","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench) remains a crucial crop for food security and livelihood resilience in arid and semi-arid regions. This study reviews existing literature to identify thematic and geographical gaps in sorghum research, focusing on climate adaptation, farmer-led practices, input systems, and institutional dynamics. The goal is to critically analyze patterns in adaptation strategies, production challenges, and future research directions that affect sorghum sustainability under changing environmental and socio-economic conditions. A systematic review method was used to analyze peer-reviewed studies. Key themes covered agronomic adaptation, genetic diversity across ecological zones, policy barriers, and innovations in disease management. The findings reveal regional differences in research focus, with limited long-term data from the Middle East, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Interdisciplinary studies remain few, especially those linking climate projections with behavioural adoption of technologies. Improvements in soil water retention with broad bed furrows, along with yield declines under delayed sowing. The study underscores the importance of localized, farmer-centred innovations, better institutional coordination, and region-specific data collection. Promoting a research agenda that combines agronomy, policy, and social factors can strengthen sorghum's future amid rising climate uncertainty and support scalable, inclusive agricultural development strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for new sugar beet (Beta vulgaris l.) genotypes under natural rhizomania contamination conditions","authors":"Hamze Hamze ,&nbsp;Rahim Mohammadian ,&nbsp;Saeed Darabi ,&nbsp;Jamshid Soltani Idiliki ,&nbsp;Shahram khodadadi ,&nbsp;Hamed Mansouri ,&nbsp;Ali Saremirad ,&nbsp;Jaber Nasiri","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of 11 hybrid sugar beet varieties and two resistant control cultivars, Denzel and Melindia, in the presence of natural Rhizomania conditions. A two-year experiment was conducted at five agricultural stations in Iran: Karaj, Mashhad, Miandoab, Zarqan, and Hamedan, utilizing a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed no significant differences in sugar content (SC), white sugar content (WSC), and white sugar yield (WSY) between the hybrids F-21374 and F-21375, and the resistant cultivar Melindia, across all locations. The Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability value (ASV) index revealed that the Denzel cultivar demonstrated the greatest stability for SC and WSC, while hybrids 21372, F-21374, and F-21376 were the most stable for WSY. Additionally, F-21376, F-21375, and F-21374 were found to have high and steady values for all principal components (PCs) involved in genotype ​× ​environment interaction, such as Weighted Average of Absolute Scores for Stability and Mean Performance (WAASBY), Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAAS), and the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). Further analysis using the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI) indicated F-21376 and F-21370 hybrids as the most promising in terms of cultivar stability for all the examined quantitative and qualitative traits. Lastly, based on the Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI), hybrids F-21374 and F-21375, along with resistant Melindia, were identified as being closest to the ideal genotype for all assessed traits. Therefore, it can be concluded that F-21376, F-21375, and F-21374 possess strong quantitative and qualitative traits and resistance to rhizomania and are potential candidates for future sugar beet varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere microbial communities of bacteria and fungi responding to cadmium stress in wheat","authors":"Yunfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Ling Shen ,&nbsp;Mingjiong Chen ,&nbsp;Haoran Sun ,&nbsp;Liangbo Fu ,&nbsp;Guoping Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiufang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil poses a threat to crop production and food safety. Rhizosphere microorganisms are crucial for crop growth and production. However, sufficient evidence regarding Cd-responsive bacteria and fungi within crop rhizosphere remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the impacts of Cd on soil microbial communities in wheat rhizosphere by performing 16S and ITS sequencing under normal (CK) and Cd (10 μM) conditions. We found that the lower concentration of Cd significantly increased Cd concentration in wheat grains (nearly 0.2 mg ​kg⁻¹), but it had no obvious growth inhibition. Interestingly, bacterial abundance and diversity were significantly decreased in soil rhizosphere when exposed to Cd, whereas little changes were observed in fungi. A total of 259 CK-specific and 45 Cd-specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in bacteria, as well as 3 CK-specific and 2 Cd-specific OTUs in fungi were identified. The function of identified bacteria were enriched in human diseases, organismal systems, metabolism, genetic information processing and environmental information processing. We also revealed a complicated bacterial co-occurrence network responding to Cd, including the core bacteria of <em>Acidobacteria</em>, <em>Nitrospirae</em> and <em>Chloroflexi</em> phylums. This study revealed Cd-responding bacteria and fungi communities in wheat rhizosphere, which may provide new insights into beneficial microorganisms for food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative and quantitative characterization of mutations and genetic diversity analysis in M2 populations of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"Nazarul Hasan ,&nbsp;Sana Choudhary ,&nbsp;Neha Naaz ,&nbsp;Nidhi Sharma ,&nbsp;Megha Budakoti ,&nbsp;Dinesh Chandra Joshi ,&nbsp;Mahendar Singh Bhinda ,&nbsp;Rafiul Amin Laskar","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mutations were induced through chemical mutagens to increase the genetic variability for the development of various mutants in M₂ generation from genetic background of <em>Capsicum annuum</em> L. Main objective of this study was to identify mutants and to assess the genetic diversity in EMS, MMS, Cd(NO₃)₂ and Pb(NO₃)₂ induced M₂ populations of <em>Capsicum annuum</em> L. Mutant phenotypes were categorized into sub-categories on the basis of their plant growth and morphological ​appearance, including plant habit, leaf, flower, fruit, and root. Mean value and genetic parameters such as genetic coefficient of variance, heritability and genetic gain were evaluated in quantitative traits. Inter-population differences were also carried out through analysis of variance. Enhanced heritability and genetic advance with high genetic coefficient variation in yield attributing traits provide an opportunity for the improvement of <em>Capsicum annuum</em> L. through phenotypic selection. In the present result, enhanced mean value at lower concentrations of mutagens in quantitative traits could endorse the improvement of mutant lines over their parental lines. Numbers of fruit per plant and 1000-seed weight were main priority traits in selection of high-yielding mutants and have a strong association with yield. The cluster analysis revealed that three divergent groups of <em>Capsicum annuum</em> L. with parent genotypes in an independent group showed high efficacy of mutagens. Genetic divergence among the cluster populations provides more opportunities to use chemical mutagens for inducing heritable changes in genetic material of <em>Capsicum annuum</em> L. and for further improvement of desirable traits. Mutants selected from treatments, including EMS1, EMS2, EMS3, MMS1 and MMS2, and Pb1, Pb2, and Cd1 could be used to develop an efficient and fast crop variety with desirable traits, and the mutagen EMS and MMS are more effective than Cd(NO₃)₂ and Pb(NO₃)₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and applications of the fungal bioluminescence pathway","authors":"Yuhao Li ,&nbsp;Dang Xu ,&nbsp;Hao Du","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioluminescence has emerged as a valuable resource for developing novel biological tools and engineered luminescent organisms. The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) represents a particularly promising system, employing endogenous, non-toxic substrates to enable sustained light emission in autoluminescent plants. Recent progress in substrate optimization, enzyme engineering, and metabolic pathway enhancement has significantly improved the system's robustness, facilitating commercial applications. Beyond plant illumination, FBP has proven effective as a biological reporter for quantitative measurements in research settings. This review comprehensively examines the FBP system, detailing its progress, challenges, and multidisciplinary applications. As an innovative biotechnology system, the FBP system paves the way for a future illuminated by living organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterosis estimation and heterotic grouping of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) moench] inbred lines in dryland environments","authors":"Temesgen Begna ,&nbsp;Techale Birhan ,&nbsp;Taye Tadesse","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorghum is one of the most vital cereal crops well adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. However, its productivity remains low compared to its potential, primarily due to severe and recurrent drought stress. To develop climate-resilient sorghum hybrids, it is essential to understand the extent of heterosis and identify heterotic groups comprising drought-tolerant inbred lines. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify the magnitude of heterosis and to classify sorghum inbred lines into heterotic groups using specific combining ability (SCA) and general combining ability (GCA) across multiple traits. A total of 42 sorghum genotypes were evaluated using an alpha lattice design with two replications across two environments during the 2019 cropping season. Significant genetic differences among genotypes were observed for the traits studied across locations. Several top-performing and well-adapted hybrids P-9534 ​× ​Melkam (6.32 ​t ​ha⁻¹), B6 ​× ​ICRS-14 (5.92 ​t ​ha⁻¹), TX-623 ​× ​ICRS-14 (5.88 ​t ​ha⁻¹), P9511 ​× ​Melkam (5.78 ​t ​ha⁻¹), and P-850341 ​× ​ICRS-14 (5.57 ​t ​ha⁻¹) were identified as promising for moisture-stressed environments. Among these, B6 ​× ​ICRS-14 exhibited the highest mid-parent heterosis (112.41 ​%), TX-623 ​× ​ICRS-14 showed the highest better-parent heterosis (68.71 ​%), and P-9534 ​× ​Melkam recorded the highest standard heterosis (30.71 ​%) for grain yield. Heterotic grouping based on specific combining ability (SCA) classified the sorghum inbred lines into two distinct groups, while the general combining ability of multiple traits (HGCAMT) method identified three heterotic groups for the development of superior hybrid varieties. Combining ability-based heterotic grouping is a critical approach for identifying the most suitable parental lines for creating new, agronomically superior hybrids. Overall, several sorghum hybrids demonstrated superiority over their mid-parents, better-parents, and the standard check in terms of grain yield and key agronomic traits. Therefore, the hybrids P-9534 ​× ​Melkam, B6 ​× ​ICRS-14, TX-623 ​× ​ICRS-14, MARC3 ​× ​Melkam, MARC3 ​× ​ICRS-14, P-9511 ​× ​Melkam, and P-850341 ​× ​ICRS-14 were identified as superior performers with the potential to significantly increase sorghum productivity per unit area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The heat shock transcription factors regulate response mechanisms to abiotic stresses in plants","authors":"Yu-Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Jian-Hong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants frequently encounter diverse abiotic stresses, including high temperature, low temperature, drought, salinity, and heavy metal contamination during their growth and development. These environmental challenges disrupt cellular homeostasis, impacting cell membrane stability, osmotic regulation, ionic composition, thereby leading to protein misfolding and the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play a crucial role in plant stress response and adaptation by regulating the transcription of heat shock protein (HSP) genes and other stress-inducible genes. This process is integral to plant resilience against adverse conditions and other physiological functions. This review synthesizes the structure features, classification, regulatory mechanisms, and functional roles of plant HSFs in response to abiotic stresses such as high and low temperature, drought and salinity. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical guidance and genetic resources for enhancing crop stress tolerance through genetic improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental stress induced biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites- transcriptional regulation as a key","authors":"Aishwarya Ashok Gaude,&nbsp;Siddhi Kashinath Jalmi","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary metabolites represnt are diverse array of plant-synthesized compounds that, while not essential for growth and development, play crucial roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, and facilating adaptation to environmental challenges The biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites, incuding alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids is tightly regulated through multiple pathways, particularly under stress conditions which enables the plant to tolerate the stressful environment. Understanding how environmental stresses modulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis can be harnessed to develop stress-resistant crops and enhance the production of commercially and pharmaceutically valuable compounds by utilizing stress as an elicitor. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of secondary metabolite pathways, with a focus on key classes such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and terpenoid indole alkaloids in response to abiotic stresses (e.g. salinity, drought, light, and temperature) and biotic stress. We highlight the ​critical ​roles of transcription factors like MYB, bHLH, and WRKY in regulating these pathways and their contribution to plant stress tolerance. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into improving crop resilience and enabling the sustainable production of high-value phytochemicals through advanced understanding of secondary metabolite regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRs in plant immunity: Structural insights and molecular mechanisms","authors":"Qingshuo Gu ,&nbsp;Shasha Liu ,&nbsp;Zuhua He ,&nbsp;Xiangzong Meng ,&nbsp;Yiwen Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants defend against pathogens by employing intracellular NLR (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat) receptors to detect pathogen effectors and initiate immune responses. While some NLRs function independently, increasing evidence reveals that many NLRs act in single, pairs or within immune networks, involving cooperative or antagonistic interactions mediated by domains such as TIR, CC, or integrated decoy domains. Recent structural breakthroughs have shown how NLRs assemble into oligomeric resistosomes, such as ZAR1 and Sr35 forming Ca²⁺-permeable channels, and TNL resistosomes acting as NADases to generate signaling molecules. These molecules are sensed by EDS1–PAD4 or EDS1–SAG101 complexes, which subsequently activate helper NLRs like ADR1s and NRG1s to mediate defense signaling and cell death. Moreover, novel regulatory mechanisms and negative regulators are being uncovered. These advances offer mechanistic insights into the NLR immune network and provide valuable insight into novel <em>R</em> gene design and molecular breeding for crop disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study identifies loci and candidate genes for root traits in rice grown in Brazil","authors":"Gabriel Brandão das Chagas ,&nbsp;Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn ,&nbsp;Josiane Vargas de Oliveira Maximino ,&nbsp;Viviane Kopp da Luz ,&nbsp;Ariano Martins de Magalhães Junior ,&nbsp;Antonio Costa de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Luciano Carlos da Maia ,&nbsp;Camila Pegoraro","doi":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. In Brazil, this crop plays an important role in consumption, production and economy. Root system is a key trait for rice yield, as it is responsible for water uptake, absorption, transportation of nutrients from soil, and other vital functions. Root dry weight (RDW) and root length (RL) are related to crop yields. Understanding molecular basis of rice root traits is a strategy to help breeders develop genotypes with higheryield. However, few studies using Brazilian germplasm have been developed. Therefore, the objective of this research was to map genome regions responsible for root dry weight and length in adult rice plants grown in Southern of Brazil. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was applied using 7098 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers and a collection of 188 rice genotypes. Seven SNP markers for root length and four markers for root dry weight were detected. Genes encoding myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk)-activating kinase were associated with root length. Amidst the genes related to root dry weight, those encoding cellulose synthase, lipid transfer protein, Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and CCCH-type zinc finger protein associated with drought tolerance were identified. This study provides insights of genetic control of rice root traits considering as a panel composed mainly of Brazilian genotypes. The rice breeders can apply this knowledge to guide for further research and develop new cultivars in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100341,"journal":{"name":"Crop Design","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}