Crop and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Role of canopy temperature depression in rice","authors":"Shu Fukai,&nbsp;Jaquie Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Canopy temperature depression (CTD), the difference between canopy temperature (CT) and air temperature, is induced by evaporative cooling of the plants when stomata open and transpiration takes place. This review describes that CTD in rice is closely associated with stomatal conductance, and they are both affected by the environmental condition and show similar genotypic variation. It then discusses the importance of lowering CT for high yield under heat stress and different water availability conditions. Canopy temperature declines below air temperature with open stomata, and CTD increases (i.e. larger negative value), linearly with increased vapour pressure deficit of the air, with large CTD of −3.0 to −5.0 ​°C not uncommon under drier conditions. While panicle temperature is often 1.0 to 2.0 ​°C higher than leaf temperature, there is sufficient cooling effect that reduces panicle temperature well below air temperature to improve spikelet fertility under hot dry conditions. Large genotypic variation in CTD is commonly found in most studies undertaken, and there are cases where larger CTD has contributed to genotypic heat resistance. The capacity of a genotype to lower CT and to maintain higher stomatal conductance is often associated with the genotype producing higher yield under both well-watered flooded and water deficit conditions. There appears to be good prospect for utilising genotypes with the capacity for large CTD under different growing conditions, and this review concludes with suggestions for ways to hasten rice improvement using CTD as a tool for different growing conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 198-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000387/pdfft?md5=c2ae6c2cd0864808ee358c3bf5aae7ff&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84237566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon to nitrogen ratio and quantity of organic amendment interactively affect crop growth and soil mineral N retention","authors":"Maartje van der Sloot ,&nbsp;David Kleijn ,&nbsp;Gerlinde B. De Deyn ,&nbsp;Juul Limpens","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using organic amendments to improve arable soils in the long term is a careful balancing act of applying amendments with the right carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio) at adequate quantity to avoid nitrogen (N) leaching while promoting or retaining crop growth in the short term. So far, most studies examining the relationship between C:N ratio and N mineralization and immobilization were done without plants. In this study we explored how crop biomass and N leaching change with increasing C:N ratio and quantity of organic amendments to arable soil. We conducted an open-air mesocosm experiment with organic amendments application across a range in C:N ratio (10 to 60) and quantity (10 to 50 ton ha^-1) to sandy arable soil using a full-factorial design. Spring wheat was planted and grown for six months during which three rainfall events were simulated to test treatment effects on N leaching. Applying amendments with a C:N ratio of 20 and higher decreased crop biomass and increased mineral soil N, while amendments with a C:N ratio of 10 had the opposite effect. Applying larger quantities of amendments reinforced the effect of the C:N ratio on crop biomass. N leaching remained unaffected by either amendment C:N ratio or quantity or even mineral fertilizer as N leaching only occurred in the control treatment without plants. Our results suggests that growing a crop is adequate to prevent N leaching. Applying organic amendments do not pose a different risk regarding N leaching when compared to mineral fertilizer and slurry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000338/pdfft?md5=68e44a3d801db7a118b5933f7e53712b&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000338-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88158892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of storage reserves and their mobilization during seed germination under drought stress conditions in high and low oil contents rapeseed cultivars","authors":"Maria Batool, A. M. El-Badri, Chunyun Wang, I. Mohamed, Zongkai Wang, Ahmad Khatab, F. Bashir, Xu Zhenghua, Jing Wang, Jie Kuai, Bo Wang, Guangsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86153868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding of crop lodging and agronomic strategies to improve the resilience of rapeseed production to climate change","authors":"Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Farooq Shah ,&nbsp;Bao–Luo Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crop lodging has long been recognized as one of the severe yield limiting constraints for rapeseed (<em>Brassica</em> <em>napus</em>) production worldwide. Lodging directly impairs seed yield and quality by interfering with photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and distribution, or indirectly affects these traits by causing difficulties during the harvest and postharvest stages. Environmental factors, as well as the crop growth stage at which lodging occurs, primarily influence the severity of lodging and the associated yield loss. In general, favorable growing conditions promote crop development and also stimulate lodging susceptibility. Thus, achieving the goal of higher grain yields without increasing crop lodging is very challenging as there is often a close relationship between lodging risk and yield potential. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the underlying mechanisms of the trade-off between lodging resistance and yield performance. In this regard, several classic reviews have been published since 1973, with a particular focus on small grain cereal crops. The main themes of these review papers were deciphering mechanisms of plant stem buckling and root anchorage failure; assessing and evaluating the effects of environmental and crop management factors on crop lodging (in terms of stem and root lodging), and associated yield performance. This review focuses on unraveling the lodging mechanism in rapeseed crop and attempts to explore the key environmental cues and agronomic approaches to achieve higher yields while sustaining lodging resistance. After critical and in-depth evaluation of the existing literature, we reached the conclusion that lodging resistance and seed yield of rapeseed plants can be significantly improved simultaneously through exploiting various morphological and biomechanical parameters with appropriate agronomic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000260/pdfft?md5=1dc9168e050739a7d35e66bdd0539745&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83577232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why high yield QTLs failed in preventing yield stagnation in rice?","authors":"Dongliang Xiong,&nbsp;Jaume Flexas,&nbsp;Jianliang Huang,&nbsp;Kehui Cui,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Cyril Douthe,&nbsp;Meng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice plays a vital role in global food security, and its yield needs to be increased to meet escalating demand. Although many high yield quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in the last decades, rice grain yield in the main rice-producing countries is stagnating. By summarizing the yield performance of high-yielding QTL lines, we highlighted that almost all the high-yielding QTL introduced lines had no practical usage in current high yield breeding programs, mainly due to their low absolute grain yield. Further analysis showed that scientists primarily focused on spikelet number per panicle alone rather than other yield traits, and, in most of the studies, the yield increase was referenced to very old cultivars. By analyzing the yield traits correlations across cultivars in both field and pot conditions and different eco-sites using the same cultivars, we emphasized that the rice high yield will be rarely achieved by using single trait approaches due to the counteracting effects of yield components. Finally, several recommendations are provided to the next generation of biotechnological breeding in rice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000235/pdfft?md5=573a256c81818d0c6f43834b4d063616&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84439938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating photosynthetic parameter values of rice, wheat, maize and sorghum to enable smart crop cultivation","authors":"Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Winda Rianti ,&nbsp;Fabián Gálvez ,&nbsp;Peter E.L. van der Putten ,&nbsp;Paul C. Struik ,&nbsp;Xinyou Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crop models can support the design of smart crop management practices. The Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model is increasingly being used in these models for quantifying leaf photosynthesis. Nitrogen (N) is required for many functional machineries of photosynthesis, thus relationships between FvCB-model parameters and leaf N content (LNC) should be established. We conducted combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on fully expanded leaves of two C₃ crops, rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) and wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>), and two C₄ crops, maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) and sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em>), grown under three N levels. Photosynthetic parameters were estimated and linear relationships between these parameters and LNC were quantified in both C₃ and C₄ crop types. The efficiency of converting incident light into linear electron transport for C₃ crops or into ATP production for C₄ crops showed a weak increase with LNC. The maximum electron transport rate (<em>J</em>_max) for C₃ crops or the maximum ATP production rate (<em>J</em>_max,atp) for C₄ crops significantly increased with LNC. The increase in Rubisco carboxylation capacity (<em>V</em>_cmax) with LNC was significantly higher in C₃ than in C₄ crops. Triose phosphate utilization for C₃ crops and PEP carboxylation capacity (<em>V</em>_pmax) for C₄ crops increased significantly with LNC as well. Except for <em>J</em>_max at 21% O₂ and <em>V</em>_cmax of C₃ crops, there was no significant difference among crops in the relationship between estimated photosynthetic parameters and LNC. The tight associations of photosynthesis parameters with LNC were discussed in view of decision making on N management in the context of smart farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000259/pdfft?md5=bad9bceddc82e702b9690a0df88f62f5&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84535940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-stage vigor contributes to high grain yield in high-quality hybrid rice","authors":"Min Huang ,&nbsp;Jialin Cao ,&nbsp;Ruichun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiana Chen ,&nbsp;Fangbo Cao ,&nbsp;Shengliang Fang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Longsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving grain quality is critical to the development of hybrid rice. In recent years, multiple hybrid rice cultivars with superior grain quality have been developed in China through dedicated breeding efforts. However, limited information is available on yield performance and yield formation characteristics of these high-quality hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, field experiments were conducted to compare yield attributes between a recently developed <em>indica</em> hybrid rice with superior grain quality (Jingliangyou 1468, JLY1468) and a relatively older <em>indica</em> hybrid rice cultivar with high yield potential (Liangyoupeijiu, LYPJ). Results showed that grain yield was 13–17% higher in JLY1468 than in LYPJ. The higher grain yield of JLY1468 than of LYPJ was mainly attributable to a higher spikelet filling percentage, which was closely related to a higher harvest index resulting from a higher crop growth rate during the post-heading period. The results of this study suggest that late-stage vigor may be a vital trait for the development of <em>indica</em> hybrid rice cultivars with both high quality and high yield.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000247/pdfft?md5=1861d3dd94da034da37c3fc68b0970cb&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90617739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deployment of intercropping and agroforestry as adaptation to climate change","authors":"Alexandra Jacquelyn Burgess ,&nbsp;Maria Eugenia Correa Cano ,&nbsp;Ben Parkes","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food security is threatened by the combined pressures of increasing populations and climate change. Agricultural land is vulnerable to overexploitation and environmental change. Within this review, we identify the role of multiple cropping systems as an adaptation method towards climate change. Intercropping, the relay or simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops, and agroforestry, the incorporation of trees on at least 10% of agricultural land, provides an alternative cropping practice which can provide many advantages over industrial sole cropping. Examples from these systems are given to indicate how multiple cropping can provide increased yield, stability, ecosystem services and societal benefits when adopted. We also discuss instances where multiple cropping systems may be maladaptive or instances where desired benefits may not be achieved. Finally, we highlight the important considerations or constraints limiting the adoption of alternate systems and indicate how modelling approaches can be used to reduce the uncertainty of altering agricultural systems. This review challenges the traditional concept of how to increase industrial crop yields whilst maintaining sustainability. Future research should be aimed at overcoming the constraints limiting adoption of alternative cropping systems to revolutionise global crop production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 145-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000223/pdfft?md5=eba81190a3c42166596d0464e33cc230&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83602278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and adoption of submergence-tolerant TDK1-Sub1 rice in southern Lao PDR","authors":"Tamara M. Jackson ,&nbsp;Jono Newby ,&nbsp;Khamphou Phouyyavong ,&nbsp;Sisavanh Vorlason ,&nbsp;Phetsamone Simali ,&nbsp;Vorachith Sihathep ,&nbsp;Ketema Zeleke ,&nbsp;Pheng Sengxua ,&nbsp;Dome Harnpichitvitaya ,&nbsp;Len J. Wade","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under short-term submergence (7–15 days), submergence-tolerant rice genotypes (e.g. TDK1-Sub1) have been reported to be higher yielding than their intolerant equivalents without the <em>Sub1</em> gene. This paper examined whether TDK1-Sub1 was superior to Other locally-preferred genotypes, with and without submergence, using 66 on-farm comparisons in southern Lao PDR. Data were examined for 2 genotype categories (TDK1-Sub1, Other) in 3 environment groups (Favourable, Drought, and Submergence), with 22 farms per group used as replicates. Farmers saved seeds of TDK1-Sub1, planted it again in flood-prone fields, and disseminated its seeds to relatives, neighbours and friends, but they did not do so in areas with lower flood risk. Grain yield was generally higher under Favourable conditions (2.42 ​t ​ha⁻¹) than under Submergence (1.94 ​t ​ha⁻¹) or Drought (1.90 ​t ​ha⁻¹). Under Submergence, the grain yield of TDK1-Sub1 (2.22 ​t ​ha⁻¹) was significantly higher than the Other genotype (1.65 ​t ​ha⁻¹; P ​&lt; ​0.10). Conversely, under Drought, the grain yield of TDK1-Sub1 (1.58 ​t ​ha⁻¹) was significantly lower than the Other genotype (2.22 ​t ​ha⁻¹; P ​&lt; ​0.10). Submergence-tolerant genotypes should enhance system intensification and food security in submergence-prone areas, but yields of other locally-preferred genotypes were more stable in the absence of submergence, especially under late-season drought. Current efforts to introgress additional resistances into submergence-tolerant genotypes are worthwhile, to reduce any downside risk in the absence of flooding. Nevertheless, for Lao PDR and others who prefer glutinous rice, the <em>Sub1</em> gene should be introgressed into the best-adapted glutinous rice genotypes, which already possess other resistances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000211/pdfft?md5=46b87a1a77d9f68c19ebe9b6433a81bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89251383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen (N) transformation in paddy rice field: Its effect on N uptake and relation to improved N management","authors":"Junfei Gu ,&nbsp;Jianchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen (N) is pivotal to crop yield, and the application of N fertilizer in crop production systems is a crucial aspect of modern crop management practices and one of the determining factors to increase crop yield and thereby keeping pace with human population increase. However, most of the N fertilizers (&gt;60%) added to rice fields is not taken up by rice plants, but lost to the environment in forms of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrous oxide. The ‘reactive N’ causes serious environmental problems and detrimental impacts on human health. Furthermore, the N cycling in a cropping system is complicated, and solutions must be made based on an in-depth understanding of the transformation of N in soil and the biochemical processes of N in rice plants. Here, we described multiple transformations and oxidation/reduction processes of N in the paddy rice field, and then summarized the basic biological processes in N acquisition, transportation, assimilation, and metabolism in rice. We discussed various local N signals that regulate root systems. In the end, we suggested the solutions that can synchronize the supply of available N in the soil to the demands of rice plants. A portfolio solution is needed in which integrative management should be established to reduce N loss and increase N use efficiency in rice production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X2200003X/pdfft?md5=3250e384a58fc8b708485b8c282eb47b&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X2200003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84021093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}