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Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics最新文献

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Robust amplification in adaptive signal transduction networks 自适应信号转导网络中的鲁棒放大
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01230-6
Naama Barkai , Uri Alon , Stanislas Leibler
{"title":"Robust amplification in adaptive signal transduction networks","authors":"Naama Barkai ,&nbsp;Uri Alon ,&nbsp;Stanislas Leibler","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01230-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01230-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amplification of small changes in input signals is an essential feature of many biological signal transduction systems. An important problem is how sensitivity amplification can be reconciled with wide dynamic range of response. Here a general molecular mechanism is proposed, in which both high amplification and wide dynamic range of a sensory system is obtained, and this without fine-tuning of biochemical parameters. The amplification mechanism is based on inhibition of the enzymatic activity of the sensory complex. As an example, we show how this ‘inhibition-driven amplification’ mechanism might function in the bacterial chemotaxis network, where it could explain several intriguing experimental observations connected with the existence of high gain, wide dynamic range and robust adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 6","pages":"Pages 871-877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01230-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83924286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Dynamics of microtubule aster formation by motor complexes 运动复合物形成微管的动力学
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01227-6
François Nédélec, Thomas Surrey
{"title":"Dynamics of microtubule aster formation by motor complexes","authors":"François Nédélec,&nbsp;Thomas Surrey","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01227-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01227-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The polymerisation of filaments and their moving by motor proteins contribute to the organisation of the cytoskeleton of higher cells. What a mixture of such elements is capable of doing, is not yet understood. Using computer simulations, we study here in a simple system the kinetics of aster formation by motors and growing microtubules. We find that the system can be in three different regimes depending on the value of the microtubule polymerisation rate. We discuss that three types of motor links are present in the network and show how they contribute to each final pattern.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 6","pages":"Pages 841-847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01227-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88911724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
COMPTES RENDUS 记录
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01231-8
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引用次数: 0
Bioadhesion and the dewetting transition 生物粘附和脱湿过渡
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01225-2
R. Bruinsma , E. Sackmann
{"title":"Bioadhesion and the dewetting transition","authors":"R. Bruinsma ,&nbsp;E. Sackmann","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01225-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01225-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article discusses interferometric experiments carried out on a number of receptor/ligand (‘linker’) based bioadhesion systems. The aim was to quantitatively test the applicability of wetting theory to bioadhesion. In all cases phase-separation phenomena were observed, with highly heterogeneous adhesion disks, which is not consistent with a simple equilibrium wetting description. We present both theoretical and experimental evidence that these phenomena can be best understood in terms of two concepts: (I) a membrane-mediated linker–linker attraction, and (II) a linker-controlled dewetting transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 6","pages":"Pages 803-815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01225-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84307849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Unstable membrane outgrowth induced by filament tip spreading 灯丝尖端铺展引起膜外生长不稳定
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01211-2
Jérôme Bohin, Pierre Pelcé
{"title":"Unstable membrane outgrowth induced by filament tip spreading","authors":"Jérôme Bohin,&nbsp;Pierre Pelcé","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01211-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01211-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyse the dynamics of a network of regularly spaced parallel filaments, growing perpendicularly against an elongating membrane which limits the diffusion of monomers in the half-space where filaments grow. When the membrane bulges, some filaments spread, so that less monomers are absorbed at the bulge periphery. It results in both a local increase of the free monomer concentration and an enhancement of the filament polymerisation rate, leading to an original growth instability. This one, stabilised here at short wavelengths by filament tip diffusion along the membrane and the drawback force exerted by a subjacent network of crosslinking molecules, may play a noticeable part in the initiation of neuritic and lamellipodial structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 6","pages":"Pages 879-884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01211-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89873106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mechanical oscillations at the cellular scale 细胞尺度上的机械振荡
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01228-8
Frank Jülicher
{"title":"Mechanical oscillations at the cellular scale","authors":"Frank Jülicher","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01228-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01228-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Active phenomena which involve force generation and motion play a key role in a number of phenomena in living cells such as cell motility, muscle contraction and the active transport of material and organelles. Here we discuss mechanical oscillations generated by active systems in cells. Examples are oscillatory regimes in muscles, the periodic beating of axonemal cilia and flagella and spontaneous oscillations of auditory hair cells which play a role in active amplification of weak sounds in hearing. As a prototype system for oscillation generation by proteins, we discuss a general mechanism by which many coupled active elements such as motor molecules can generate oscillations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 6","pages":"Pages 849-860"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01228-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84477526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Electrical charges and tribology of insulating materials 绝缘材料的电荷和摩擦学
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01218-5
Christelle Guerret-Piecourt , Sandrine Bec , Daniel Treheux
{"title":"Electrical charges and tribology of insulating materials","authors":"Christelle Guerret-Piecourt ,&nbsp;Sandrine Bec ,&nbsp;Daniel Treheux","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01218-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01218-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrical charge generation occurring during contact and friction of insulating materials has long been identified. However the contribution of these electrical charges to the frictional behaviour is usually neglected. Based on published results and on our own experimental work on the ability of the dielectric materials to trap charges, we show in this study that the interaction energy during friction depends markedly on these trapped charges. Eventually, we propose the complementary use of the ‘mirror’ method and of surface force measurements to obtain a quantitative evaluation of this contribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 5","pages":"Pages 761-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01218-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91758361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Flower-shaped structures around bubbles collapsing in a bubble monolayer 气泡周围的花状结构在气泡单层中坍塌
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01176-3
Gérard Liger-Belair , Bertrand Robillard , Michèle Vignes-Adler , Philippe Jeandet
{"title":"Flower-shaped structures around bubbles collapsing in a bubble monolayer","authors":"Gérard Liger-Belair ,&nbsp;Bertrand Robillard ,&nbsp;Michèle Vignes-Adler ,&nbsp;Philippe Jeandet","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01176-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01176-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, high-speed macro-photography is used to investigate the dynamics of small bubbles collapsing at the free surface of a glass when filled with champagne. Immediately after the rupture of a bubble cap, adjoining bubbles are stretched toward the lowest part of the cavity left by the bursting bubble, leading to unexpected and short-lived flower-shaped structures. Our results strongly suggest stresses in the bubble cap of adjacent bubbles much higher than those observed around an isolated single collapsing cavity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 5","pages":"Pages 775-780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01176-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Driven phase transformations: A useful concept for wear studies? 驱动相变:磨损研究的有用概念?
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01217-3
Laurent Chaffron, Yann Le Bouar , Georges Martin
{"title":"Driven phase transformations: A useful concept for wear studies?","authors":"Laurent Chaffron,&nbsp;Yann Le Bouar ,&nbsp;Georges Martin","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01217-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01217-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concept of driven alloys is introduced and examples are given for alloys under irradiation or under high energy ball milling. Both real and computer experiments show that the stationary configuration of alloys under external forcing depends on the overall temperature, on the ratio of the ballistic to the thermally activated atomic jump frequency, and on the space and time correlation of the ballistic jumps. As well as temperature, the description of driven phase transformations requires a new control parameter: the intensity of forcing. The latter is shown to be the irradiation flux for alloys under irradiation and the momentum transferred per unit time to an elementary volume of matter, under milling. We show how to use these concepts to address the wear rate of swift train wheels (TGV): it is found that the wear rate is proportional to the intensity of forcing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 5","pages":"Pages 749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01217-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91759866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Wear of a stainless steel in pressurised high temperature water 不锈钢在高压高温水中的磨损
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01216-1
Damien Kaczorowski , Jean-Mary Georges , Sandrine Bec , André Tonck , André Bernard Vannes , Jean-Philippe Vernot
{"title":"Wear of a stainless steel in pressurised high temperature water","authors":"Damien Kaczorowski ,&nbsp;Jean-Mary Georges ,&nbsp;Sandrine Bec ,&nbsp;André Tonck ,&nbsp;André Bernard Vannes ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Vernot","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01216-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01216-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The wear behaviour of an austenitic stainless steel is analysed using a tribometer working in pressurised high temperature water (PHTW). The precise contact conditions, low pressure impact and sliding contacts, play an important role on the surface wear in this corrosive medium. The tests which include both impact and sliding are the most severe. The friction films formed during these tests are compared with those obtained with pure oxidation. It is shown that these films participate in the formation of elongated ‘indents’ observed on the surfaces. Nano-indentation measurements consolidate this hypothesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100307,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics","volume":"2 5","pages":"Pages 739-747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01216-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90028191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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