Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie最新文献_第3页

Poaceae in the natural diet of the snail Helix aspersa Müller (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) 田螺科的天然食螺螺旋aspersa m<e:1>(腹足纲，肺足纲)

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01382-8

Laure Chevalier , Christophe Desbuquois , Joseph Le Lannic , Maryvonne Charrier

引用次数: 26

Suspected side effects of a herbicide on dung beetle populations (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) 一种除草剂对屎壳郎种群的疑似副作用(鞘翅目:金龟甲科)

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01384-1

Imelda M Martínez , Jean-Pierre Lumaret , Magdalena R Cruz

{"title":"Suspected side effects of a herbicide on dung beetle populations (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","authors":"Imelda M Martínez , Jean-Pierre Lumaret , Magdalena R Cruz","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01384-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01384-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This paper addresses the association between use of a herbicide and anecdotal reports of reduced dung degradation and dung beetle populations. Dung beetles were monthly collected at two adjacent ranches in Mexico. Ranches were similar in area, elevation, exposition, soil, and vegetation, but differed in weed control. Ranch A controlled weeds manually, and ranch B controlled unwanted vegetation with applications of the herbicide Tordon®101M. The main species recovered on each ranch (Ataenius apicalis) was significantly more abundant at ranch A than at ranch B. Conversely, similar numbers of a second species, Ataenius sculptor, were recovered from both ranches. Three lines of evidence support the tentative conclusion that herbicide applications may be causing a decline in populations of A. apicalis on ranch B. First, the greatest reductions of A. apicalis were observed during periods of herbicide application. Second, A. sculptor, apparently little affected by these same herbicide applications, is active primarily during months without herbicide applications. Third, preliminary results of laboratory studies show that exposure to herbicide can impair reproductive function of the dung beetle Canthon cyanellus.</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 11","pages":"Pages 989-994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01384-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76793192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Variations nycthémérales de la bioluminescence marine en Méditerranée et dans l’Atlantique nord-est 地中海和东北大西洋海洋生物发光的夜温变化

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01365-8

Patrick Geistdoerfer , Anne-Sophie Cussatlegras

引用次数: 11

Studying boundary effects on animal movement in heterogeneous landscapes: the case of Abax ater (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in hedgerow network landscapes 异质景观中边界效应对动物运动的影响——以绿篱网络景观中蜈蚣(鞘翅目:蜈蚣科)为例

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01379-8

Manuel Martin , François Bastardie , David Richard , Françoise Burel

{"title":"Studying boundary effects on animal movement in heterogeneous landscapes: the case of Abax ater (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in hedgerow network landscapes","authors":"Manuel Martin , François Bastardie , David Richard , Françoise Burel","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01379-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01379-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Changes in movement possibilities of insect species can be a response to increasing heterogeneity in man made landscapes. We studied the movement of Abax ater (Coleoptera, Carabidae) between woody and cultivated areas in Brittany. Two woody habitats (woods and hedgerows) and two cultivated areas (cornfields and meadows) were considered. Quantifying the movement of the carabid beetle between woody and cultivated areas was done using Mark–Release–Recapture techniques. Marked individuals were released at the centre of circular enclosures (3 m in diameter), encompassing two adjacent habitats, one being wooded, the other cultivated. Individuals were recaptured at the edge of enclosures. Analysis of recaptures showed that flows of individuals from a given habitat to another were constant during the experiment. Flows can be summed up by a probability of move, which depends on the two adjacent habitats surrounding ecotone. When released in cultivated habitats, forest carabid beetles preferentially moved toward woody habitat, but in some enclosures the forest carabid beetles did not exhibited any preference between cultivated areas and woods. In these cases ecotones may include both woody and cultivated areas, and their functional width should be reconsidered. These conclusions were globally in agreement with knowledge about ecology of Abax ater, but ask for confirmation through replicates on different sites. Nevertheless, these results demonstrated the usefulness of the method and give new guidelines for the study of flows of carabid beetles through ecotones.</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 11","pages":"Pages 1029-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01379-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87121479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Optimisation des conditions de culture pour l’enracinement in vitro de l’arganier (Argania spinosa L.) 摩洛哥坚果(Argania spinosa L.)离体生根培养条件的优化

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01364-6

Farah Bousselmame , Lahcen Kenny , Hassan Chlyah

{"title":"Optimisation des conditions de culture pour l’enracinement in vitro de l’arganier (Argania spinosa L.)","authors":"Farah Bousselmame , Lahcen Kenny , Hassan Chlyah","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01364-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01364-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The root system produced of in vitro argan plantlets is of poor quality and not efficient for the transfer to out-door conditions. To overcome such problems, experimentation was undertaken where the effects of growth regulators, nitrogen, sugar, activated charcoal and coconut fiber were tested on root induction and elongation. Modified Murashige and Skoog with half strength salt was used as a basal medium. Root induction (85 %) with a mean of 16 roots per explant was obtained when shoots were grown, under dark conditions for 14 days, with a combination of two auxins (IBA and NNA), added at equal concentrations (5 mg·L–1). Secondary roots, 10 cm long, were initiated in 12 % of the cultures in presence of 5 g·L–1 activated charcoal. Further improvements in the growth of the primary and secondary roots were obtained when semi-solid medium was substituted with a substrate composed of coconut fibers (80 g) mixed with semi-solid medium (35 mL) and agar (2.5 g·L–1).</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 11","pages":"Pages 995-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01364-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72727488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Les particularités morphofonctionnelles des appareils du bec et hyoïdien chez les touracos (Aves, Musophagidae) : relations avec la frugivorie touracos(鸟类，Musophagidae)喙部和舌部的形态功能特征:与frugivorie的关系

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01363-4

Léonide P Korzoun , Christian Erard , Jean-Pierre Gasc

{"title":"Les particularités morphofonctionnelles des appareils du bec et hyoïdien chez les touracos (Aves, Musophagidae) : relations avec la frugivorie","authors":"Léonide P Korzoun , Christian Erard , Jean-Pierre Gasc","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01363-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01363-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The present study points to morpho-anatomical features that allow vegetarian but mainly frugivorous turacos to fill at best their specific feeding requirements. Mechanisms are analysed which the bird can use to detach a fruit and avoid it rolls out of the bill. It is also examined how vegetable items can be processed particularly when they have to be cut, and what can facilitate their ingestion particularly when they are fruits that have to be swallowed entirely and are large and/or have dry or fibrous skin or flesh. The skeletal and muscular anatomy of the bill and hyoid apparatus is described in details and illustrated. The particularly short and stout bill coupled with a relatively simple system of aponevroses of the adductors reflects a trade-off between two important jaw functional requirements: huge efforts for clamping, and a wide opening for plucking, processing and swallowing relatively large fruit. The clearly oblique orientation of the modified outer adductor seems an adaptation to the detachment of fruits. The os uncinatum, particularly developed in this bird family, is interpreted as maintaining transversal stability, particularly when jaws act as a pair of scissors. Most food items being processed near the base of the bill, mechanisms have been developed which contribute to overcome the risk of breakage at the level of the prokinetic hinge because of a vertically oriented force there. Hyoid apparatus features are related to the tongue role during the detachment of the fruit and its processing in the bill.</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 11","pages":"Pages 965-977"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01363-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73889447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Afrique ou Asie, quelle est lˈorigine évolutive des schistosomes humains ? 非洲或亚洲,lˈschistosomes人类进化的起源是什么?

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01383-X

Guangjun Zhang , Olivier Verneau , Chiping Qiu , Joseph Jourdane , Mingyi Xia

{"title":"Afrique ou Asie, quelle est lˈorigine évolutive des schistosomes humains ?","authors":"Guangjun Zhang , Olivier Verneau , Chiping Qiu , Joseph Jourdane , Mingyi Xia","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01383-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01383-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The origin and the evolution of Schistosomatidae species, due to their medical importance (responsible of the second most important human parasitosis after malaria), arouse a great interest. A combination of phylogenetic studies using several molecular markers has provided support for the traditional grouping and evolutionary inferences derived from morphological and biological data. The genus Schistosoma, which comprises all species parasitizing Man, is generally split into four evolutionary lineages (mansoni, haematobium, indicum and japonicum lineages). The group of African schistosomes (including mansoni and haematobium lineages) appears very divergent from the japonicum lineage. Recent phylogenetic studies using partial 28S rDNA sequencing and including Orientobilharzia turkestanicum from Iran, an Asian parasite of livestock, found, unexpectedly, that this species nested among Schistosoma species, thus rendering the latter paraphyletic, and suggested an Asian origin for the Schistosoma genus. The present work re-examines the question of the geographical origin of human schistosomes by analysing a new genomic marker (ITS2) as well as by including the use of O. turkestanicum originating from northeastern China. Our results are in agreement with previous work using 28S, in demonstrating that Schistosoma is not monophyletic. However, O. turkestanicum, whatever the method of analysis used (distance or parsimony), was grouped with members of the japonicum group to the exclusion of African Schistosoma species. Then, our data argue strongly for the need for further phylogenetic study including new taxa and new genomic sequences before definitly concluding either an Asian or African origin for the genus Schistosoma.</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 11","pages":"Pages 1001-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01383-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"104570543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Plant viruses and the recent discovery of unforeseen basic cellular processes 植物病毒和最近发现的不可预见的基本细胞过程

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01369-5

Thierry Candresse, Renate Krause-Sakate, Florence Richard-Forget, Elise Redondo, Sylvie German-Retana, Olivier Le Gall

{"title":"Plant viruses and the recent discovery of unforeseen basic cellular processes","authors":"Thierry Candresse, Renate Krause-Sakate, Florence Richard-Forget, Elise Redondo, Sylvie German-Retana, Olivier Le Gall","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01369-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01369-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Given their small genome size, the biological cycle of plant viruses is tightly integrated with the cellular processes of their host plants, so that studies of the viral biology will often provide insights into basic cellular processes. In the last decade, two such unforeseen mechanisms were discovered. One concerns intercellular communications: for their movement in infected plants, viruses use channels (plasmodesmata, phloem) also used by the plant to exchange information-rich molecules (proteins, RNAs) between cells. The second phenomenon concerns the existence, in plants, of an anti-viral defence mechanism based on the specific degradation of RNA molecules in the cytoplasm. This same mechanism, also allowing the regulation of gene expression (post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS) now appears to be widespread in pluri-cellular organisms. Besides their general interest, these new results modify drastically our vision of interactions between plant and viruses and raise numerous new research questions.</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 10","pages":"Pages 935-941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01369-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80844222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mycoplasmas, plants, insect vectors: a matrimonial triangle 支原体，植物，昆虫载体:婚姻三角形

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01372-5

Monique Garnier, X Foissac, P Gaurivaud, F Laigret, J Renaudin, C Saillard, J.M Bové

{"title":"Mycoplasmas, plants, insect vectors: a matrimonial triangle","authors":"Monique Garnier, X Foissac, P Gaurivaud, F Laigret, J Renaudin, C Saillard, J.M Bové","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01372-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01372-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Plant pathogenic mycoplasmas were discovered by electron microscopy, in 1967, long after the discovery and culture in 1898 of the first pathogenic mycoplasma of animal origin, Mycoplasma mycoides. Mycoplasmas are Eubacteria of the class Mollicutes, a group of organisms phylogenetically related to Gram-positive bacteria. Their more characteristic features reside in the small size of their genomes, the low guanine (G) plus cytosine (C) content of their genomic DNA and the lack of a cell wall. Plant pathogenic mycoplasmas are responsible for several hundred diseases and belong to two groups: the phytoplasmas and the spiroplasmas. The phytoplasmas (previously called MLOs, for mycoplasma like organisms) were discovered first; they are pleiomorphic, and have so far resisted in vitro cultivation. Phytoplasmas represent the largest group of plant pathogenic Mollicutes. Only three plant pathogenic spiroplasmas are known today. Spiroplasma citri, the agent of citrus stubborn was discovered and cultured in 1970 and shown to be helical and motile. S. kunkelii is the causal agent of corn stunt. S. phoeniceum, responsible for periwinkle yellows, was discovered in Syria. There are many other spiroplasmas associated with insects and ticks. Plant pathogenic mycoplasmas are restricted to the phloem sieve tubes in which circulates the photosynthetically-enriched sap, the food for many phloem-feeding insects (aphids, leafhoppers, psyllids, etc.). Interestingly, phytopathogenic mycoplasmas are very specifically transmitted by leafhoppers or psyllid species. In this paper, the most recent knowledge on phytopathogenic mycoplasmas in relation with their insect and plant habitats is presented as well as the experiments carried out to control plant mycoplasma diseases, by expression of mycoplasma-directed-antibodies in plants (plantibodies).</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 10","pages":"Pages 923-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01372-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74679540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

Découverte des bactéries phytopathogènes il y a cent ans : controverses et polémiques transatlantiques 一百年前植物病原细菌的发现:跨大西洋的争议和争论

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01376-2

Jean-Pierre Paulin , Michel Ridé , Jean-Pierre Prunier

{"title":"Découverte des bactéries phytopathogènes il y a cent ans : controverses et polémiques transatlantiques","authors":"Jean-Pierre Paulin , Michel Ridé , Jean-Pierre Prunier","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01376-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01376-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The demonstration of a bacterial cause of some plant diseases has been claimed few years after it was commonly recognized that bacteria were able to cause diseases of human and animal. Nevertheless, some sharp controversies took place, between German and American specialists (1897–1901), before the existence of bacterial diseases of plants was accepted by all phytopathologists. Nowadays, about 350 bacteria are described, which infect plants: they are pathovars, or subspecies, belonging to 21 genera. Bacterial diseases of plants can be classified into three major categories according to the type of symptoms shown by the infected plant: necrosis and wilt, soft-rot, tumour. The interaction between bacteria and plant cells is usually established from the apoplast, although some bacteria are xylem or phloem limited. This interaction involves an original protein secretion system (which is also described in bacteria pathogenic for animals), hydrolytic enzymes (pectinases, cellulases), toxins and/or phytohormones. Bacteria of one group (Agrobacterium) modify the plant metabolism after gene transfer from a plasmid. On the economic and social point of view, these diseases may be limiting factors of some key-productions (rice, cassava). In addition, they play a role in reducing the quality of agricultural products (reduced growth, spots on leaves and fruits). Control of bacterial diseases is limited. It relies usually on a combination of prophylaxy, chemical applications, and use of resistant genotypes.</div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 10","pages":"Pages 905-914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01376-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86359579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6