Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects最新文献

{"title":"Sulfolane reduction by arginine and ferrous iron ions","authors":"Erica Pensini ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Hsiung ,&nbsp;Alejandro G. Marangoni ,&nbsp;Joshua van der Zalm ,&nbsp;Aicheng Chen ,&nbsp;Nour Kashlan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfolane is a water-miscible, bioavailable, worldwide pollutant. While its aerobic biodegradation by bacteria is well documented, its abiotic degradation by amino acids and metal ions has never been reported. Here we find that Fe^2 + and arginine (ARG) reduce sulfolane to sulfoxide at circum-neutral pH, as shown by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Sulfolane reduction occurs at the surface of iron-ARG solid flocs, onto which sulfoxide remains sorbed even after rinsing with water volumes up to 16-fold the floc volume. Sulfolane reduction by Fe²⁺ ions does not occur in the absence of ARG, which binds iron and affects its redox chemistry, as shown by cyclic voltammetry. Sulfolane reduction is also promoted by lysine, but not by histidine. Sulfolane is not reduced by Fe³⁺ and ARG, indicating that this reaction requires Fe²⁺ oxidation to Fe³⁺. The observed abiotic transformation of sulfolane may affect its fate in natural ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143229509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunlight responsive photo-oxidation of methylene blue dye using MgO/MnO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Hamza Laksaci ,&nbsp;Nassima Djihane Zemani ,&nbsp;Omar Khelifi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saeed ,&nbsp;Badreddine Belhamdi ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Arroussi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Trari","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research on metal oxide-based photocatalysts, challenges remain in optimizing their structural and defect properties to enhance photocatalytic efficiency for wastewater treatment, while maintaining stability and scalability. Herein, the application of MgO/MnO₂ for the photo-oxidation of methylene blue dye (MB), has been investigated under sunlight irradiations. The MgO/MnO₂ was prepared by co-precipitation in a one pot synthetic route. The resulted samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, diffuse reflectance and electrical conductivity. The XRD showed that α-MnO₂ crystallizes in tetragonal symmetry with a medium broadening, characteristic of Nano-crystallites. A direct optical transition at 1.85 eV was determined from the diffuse reflectance. The capacitance-potential graph (C⁻² - E) exhibits a positive slope, characteristic of <em><strong>n</strong></em>-type behavior with a flat band potential of <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.027</mn></mrow></math></span> V_SCE. Hence, the photoholes in the valence band (1.7 V_SCE) oxidize water into reactive radicals ^•OH, involved in the MB mineralization. The photocatalytic capability of Nano-materials was assessed through photodegradation of MB by solar light. Results showed that the MB elimination rate rises with increasing in catalyst load and the declines in the initial MB concentration. The catalytic behavior of MgO/MnO₂ synthesized by this method exhibits excellent efficiency, achieving 87 % degradation of MB under optimal conditions: 10 mg/L dye concentration and 75 mg/L catalyst dosage using the MgMn-2 catalyst. This research proposes a promising strategy to enhance the photocatalytic activity of MnO₂ by doping it with MgO, thereby improving its performance and contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying photocatalytic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143229508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating challenges in electroplating wastewater management: A study on pollutant removal characteristics and economic impacts by physicochemical treatment","authors":"Jingsi Gao ,&nbsp;Hui-li Han ,&nbsp;Jia Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electroplating industry contributes significantly to environmental pollution, particularly through its discharge of complex wastewater containing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and refractory substances. To address the challenge of managing these pollutants, the treatment processes of a full-scale electroplating wastewater treatment plant in Shenzhen, China, were investigated in this study. The physicochemical treatment units were examined regarding the removal efficiency of target pollutants, sludge production, and cost implications. Substantial variability in treatment performance was observed due to fluctuations in wastewater quality and quantity. The chemical oxidation demand (COD) removal by the physicochemical treatment ranged from 24.26 % to 78.6 %, with effluent concentrations between 400–1000 mg/L, affected by refractory substances and improper dosing. Heavy metal removal was more effective at higher influent concentrations, with chromium achieving up to 99.83 % removal, while nickel and copper showed inconsistent performance due to complexed forms and dosing issues. Nitrogen removal reduced the total nitrogen concentration from 75.43–351.09 mg/L to ∼25–100 mg/L, relying on oxidation (NaClO) and sedimentation, but left residual nitrogen for biochemical treatment. Phosphorus removal, primarily through chemical precipitation, reduced total phosphorous to &lt; 10 mg/L in optimal cases but fluctuated significantly due to poor pH control and competing reactions. Overall, while primary sedimentation and chemical processes contributed significantly, challenges such as process instability, refractory pollutants, and improper dosing impacted treatment consistency. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing treatment parameters and adopting innovative strategies to enhance process stability and cost-effectiveness. By advancing the understanding of electroplating wastewater treatment challenges, this study provides critical insights for improving industrial wastewater management and promoting sustainable environmental practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melamine-based hydrogen-bonded organic nanoframework for metal ion adsorption and antibacterial applications","authors":"Anand Prakash ,&nbsp;Anu Sharma ,&nbsp;Anita Yadav ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation reported the hydrothermal synthesis of melamine-based hydrogen organic nanoframework (M-HOFs) with promising toxic metal ions adsorption properties along with antibacterial activity. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, BET, and NTA analyses were utilized to perform the characterization of the synthesized M-HOF. The nanosized (83 nm), mesoporous nature, and high surface area (∼ 1199.93 m²/g) are responsible for adsorption and enhanced antibacterial activity. The adsorption studies showed that M-HOF is sensitive to Pb²⁺ ions in an aqueous medium. The Pb²⁺ ions quenched the emission of M-HOF to the largest extent with the <em>K</em>_SV value of 1.4099 × 10⁴ M⁻¹. The binding of Pb²⁺ ions leads to electronic changes in the structure of M-HOF. Additionally, M-HOF was investigated for its potential as an antibacterial agent based on its activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial efficiency of M-HOF against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (PA01) at 60 μg/mL was found to be 99 % after 10 h. M-HOF’s cytotoxicity was tested against HMEC-1 (Human microvascular endothelial cell line) at various concentrations, demonstrating good biocompatibility. This scalable and low-cost synthesis of M-HOF has great potential to reduce the environmental impact of waste, and disease transmission and can be utilized in dressings and food packaging areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and effective absorption of dye molecules from their low-concentrated water solutions by organically cross-linked polyacrylamide-hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposite and polyacrylamide hydrogels","authors":"Mohan Raj Krishnan,&nbsp;Edreese H Alsharaeh","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye-laden wastewater from textile industries significantly impacts the environment and, eventually, human health. It is, therefore, necessary to treat wastewater effluent from textile industries before it is discharged into water sources. Herein, we report the potential of organically cross-linked polyacrylamide-based nanocomposite hydrogels to rapidly and effectively absorb different dye molecules (methylene blue (MB), phenol red (PR), and methyl orange (MO)) from their respective low-concentrated water solutions. The polyacrylamide-hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposite hydrogel (PAM/hBN) was prepared by reacting PAM molecules with organic cross-linkers such as N, N’ methylene bisacrylamide (MBS) in the presence of hBN at high temperatures (150 °C; 8 h.). The FT-IR results revealed the successful formation of the PAM/hBN nanocomposite hydrogels. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results also complement the nanocomposite formation as the melting temperature of PAM/hBN nanocomposite is comparatively higher than that of the neat-PAM hydrogel. The SEM showed that the PAM/hBN nanocomposite has macroporous morphology (average pore size of 2 μm) while neat-PAM hydrogel exhibited dense structures. The equilibrium absorption of PAM/hBN nanocomposite hydrogels is as high as 13.5 mg/g, while the equilibrium is reached within 10 min. The porous morphology of the nanocomposite hydrogels promotes the mass transfer process and leads to the rapid absorption of dye molecules from low-concentrated water solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the role of MoS2 in the promotion of peroxymonosulfate activation for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole in Fe/CN","authors":"Zuowei Xie ,&nbsp;Shuangli Li ,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Sen Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2025.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of antibiotics can lead to the growth of numerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the ecosystem. Electron-rich iron sites in iron-based catalysts are considered to be the main sites for activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), but the restricted Fe^2 +/Fe³⁺ cycling inhibits the catalytic performance of iron-based catalysts. To address the above challenges, we prepared Fe/CN@MoS₂-X (X represents the Fe/Mo mass ratio) samples with dual active sites by anchoring MoS₂ nanosheets on Fe/CN nanocomposite catalysts. The inclusion of MoS₂ not only promotes Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ cycling and accelerates electron transfer, thus improving the catalytic performance, but enhances environmental tolerance (wide pH application range 3–9 and resistance to ionic interference). The degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by the Fe/CN@MoS₂-1/PMS system (0.15 min⁻¹) was 3.76 times higher than that of the Fe/CN/PMS system (0.04 min⁻¹). Moreover, the Fe/CN@MoS₂-1/PMS system exhibited excellent stability and regeneration ability, with the removal rate remaining stable at 92 % after 5 cycles. Quenching experiments and EPR tests demonstrated that •OH, SO₄^-•, O₂^-• and ¹O₂ in the Fe/CN@MoS₂-1/PMS system were all involved in the SMX degradation. Finally, the C-N, N-O, S-N, C-O and C-S bonds of SMX are readily attacked by reactive actives, resulting in the generation of non-toxic intermediates in the system. This work shows that Fe/CN@MoS₂ presents satisfactory versatility, recyclability and stability, as well as providing new perspectives to address Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ cycling in iron-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-efficient tetracycline removal triggered by Fe-based metal organic framework and sequential reutilization of spent adsorbent","authors":"Ting Chang ,&nbsp;Yuchen Shang ,&nbsp;Shiwen Li ,&nbsp;Min Zeng ,&nbsp;Jue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorption, as an economical and effective strategy, has been widely used for treating antibiotics pollution. However, the rational disposal and limited reutilization of spent adsorbents restricts the practical application. Herein, metal organic framework (MIL-101(Fe)) was fabricated and used to remove antibiotics from aqueous environment. Specifically, the removal rate and adsorption capacity towards TC, a model pollutant, reached 95.54 % ± 1.4 % and 231.04 ± 3.29 mg/g for M-105, respectively. The adsorption mechanism could be ascribed to electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding, pore filling and complexation identified with experimental results and spectroscopic analysis. The spent adsorbent was further annealed to Fe/Fe₃C/carbon composite, which possessed high-efficient microwave absorption performance due to good dielectric property. This work identifies MIL-101(Fe), obtained with a simple fabrication method, could be employed as a high-efficient adsorbent in TC removal and offers a novel strategy for reusing spent adsorbent in microwave absorption field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of laser spot size in Raman micro-imaging and improved particle size estimation of small microplastics","authors":"Zijiang Yang,&nbsp;Hisayuki Arakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a method to estimate laser spot size during Raman micro-imaging by integrating experimental data from standard microplastic samples with a simulation model that characterizes interactions between the laser spot and microplastic particles. The experimental data were also used to examine the relationships among correlation coefficient between sample spectra and standard spectrum (<em>CFF</em>), standard deviation of spectral noise (<em>σ</em>_ns), signal-to-noise ratio (<em>SNR</em>), and their spatial properties. Analysis of the micro-imaging data shows that <em>CFF</em>, <em>σ</em>_ns, and <em>SNR</em> are related to the presence of microplastic particles. Specifically, when a measurement point detects a particle, the values of <em>CFF</em>, <em>σ</em>_ns, and <em>SNR</em> are higher than those in the background filter. Further analysis of <em>CFF</em> reveals that its values are spatially dependent, showing a notable pattern within the effective range that is similar to, or slightly exceeds, the particle size. Additionally, <em>CFF</em> values decrease with increasing distance from the particle center, a trend that can be described by a logistic function. By applying this dataset, we determined the laser spot size in our setup to be 65 μm, allowing for a 24 % - 74 % improvement in particle size estimation accuracy, as measured by the root-mean-square-error. This study highlights the important role of laser spot size in Raman micro-imaging analysis and provides a robust methodology that can be adapted to other instruments and micro-imaging techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A zwitterionic surfactant concentrates sulfolane in floating foams, to purify water","authors":"Erica Pensini ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Hsiung ,&nbsp;Saeed Mirzaee Ghazani ,&nbsp;Alejandro Marangoni","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfolane is a worldwide groundwater miscible pollutant, used for carbon capture and sour gas treatment. It is heavier than water and can sink when spilled in low salinity aquifers, posing remedial challenges. There are no strategies to prevent sulfolane plunging, other than pumping large groundwater volumes. We show that the zwitterionic surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) interacts with sulfolane, producing a stable floating foam, in which sulfolane is concentrated by &gt;140 %. The foam forms by bubbling air or mild mixing. CAPB is surface active in either water or in aqueous sulfolane mixtures, and its films stabilize the air-water interface even upon significant deformation. CAPB-sulfolane interactions disrupt the water network, thereby decreasing the heat and onset of water evaporation from the foam. While CAPB successfully concentrated sulfolane, Tween 20 did not. Cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide binds sulfolane, but extraction of sulfolane was not possible due to foam instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-driven modifications to AlFeO3 for degradation of emerging antibiotic contaminants","authors":"Bhuvanasundari S,&nbsp;Tiju Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsuc.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that residues of unused antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC) in wastewater can be treated by photocatalytic degradation. Here, a magnetic photocatalyst known as aluminum ferrite (AlFeO₃) is employed to assess the degradation of SMZ and TC under visible light conditions. The structural and functional properties of co-precipitated AlFeO₃ with four different surfactants are examined. The little-known relevance of surfactant usage in AlFeO₃ synthesis, its characteristics, and its impact on emergent particle morphology for SMZ and TC degradation is reported. The results indicate that the catalyst can completely (100 %) degrade SMZ and TC in ∼60 mins. We propose a distinct degradation pathway for the same. Significantly, AlFeO₃ can decompose TC and SMZ to yield rather small compounds (<em>m/z</em> ∼ 60), thereby showing potential for practical use. Also, the use of different surfactants indicates that surface potential plays a significant role in photocatalytic degradation. Despite the large size and low surface area, AlFeO₃ performed well due to the surface potential of the catalyst. Findings suggest that using bulk catalysts with adjusted surface potentials offers sufficient performance, thereby bypassing the need for nano-sizing and concern about nano-toxicity. Further, the magnetic property of AlFeO₃ facilitates the recovery and reuse of the catalyst post-degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100290,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces C: Environmental Aspects","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}