Cognitive Brain Research最新文献_第3页

Brain processes associated with target finding 与寻找目标相关的大脑过程

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.020

Paul Pauli , Christoph Braun , Katja Wiech , Niels Birbaumer , Lyle E. Bourne Jr.

{"title":"Brain processes associated with target finding","authors":"Paul Pauli , Christoph Braun , Katja Wiech , Niels Birbaumer , Lyle E. Bourne Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The response execution stage of cognitive skill consists of several substages, including finding the proper response location among available alternatives and moving the effector to the target location. In order to unravel the brain dynamics associated with the finding process, the present experiments used two experimental conditions. In the number condition, which requires both finding and moving, subjects are presented on each trial with a digit, 0–9, are required to find that digit on a circular clock face, and then to move a cursor to that target's location. In the arrow condition, an arrow pointing to the location of the target on the clock face circumference appears simultaneously with the target digit; no target finding is required because subjects need only to move the cursor along the path marked by the arrow. A pilot and the main experiment revealed that response initiation times but not movement times were affected by these experimental manipulations. Analysis of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity revealed an early occipital activity which was not affected by experimental manipulations. Later activity with central-parietal and parieto-temporal loci presumably reflected changes in the dorsal and ventral pathways, respectively, and these were affected by experimental conditions. Finally, finding processes seem to be associated with a second late activation of the ventral pathway presumably reflecting ongoing recognition processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25696865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Weights and measures: A new look at bisection behaviour in neglect 度量衡:对忽视中平分行为的新观察

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.008

Robert D. McIntosh , Igor Schindler , Daniel Birchall , A. David Milner

{"title":"Weights and measures: A new look at bisection behaviour in neglect","authors":"Robert D. McIntosh , Igor Schindler , Daniel Birchall , A. David Milner","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horizontal line bisection is a ubiquitous task in the investigation of visual neglect. Patients with left neglect typically make rightward errors that increase with line length and for lines at more leftward positions. For short lines, or for lines presented in right space, these errors may ‘cross over’ to become leftward. We have taken a new approach to these phenomena by employing a different set of dependent and independent variables for their description. Rather than recording bisection error, we record the lateral position of the response within the workspace. We have studied how this varies when the locations of the left and right endpoints are manipulated independently. Across 30 patients with left neglect, we have observed a characteristic asymmetry between the ‘weightings’ accorded to the two endpoints, such that responses are less affected by changes in the location of the left endpoint than by changes in the location of the right. We show that a simple endpoint weightings analysis accounts readily for the effects of line length and spatial position, including cross-over effects, and leads to an index of neglect that is more sensitive than the standard measure. We argue that this novel approach is more parsimonious than the standard model and yields fresh insights into the nature of neglect impairment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25699345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Cross-modal plasticity in deaf subjects dependent on the extent of hearing loss 耳聋受试者的跨模态可塑性与听力损失程度有关

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.010

Nicole Lambertz, Elke R. Gizewski, Armin de Greiff, Michael Forsting

{"title":"Cross-modal plasticity in deaf subjects dependent on the extent of hearing loss","authors":"Nicole Lambertz, Elke R. Gizewski, Armin de Greiff, Michael Forsting","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cross-modal plasticity in deaf subjects is still discussed controversial. We tried to figure out whether the plasticity is dependent on the extent of hearing loss. Three groups of volunteers, comprising twelve individuals each, were investigated. They were characterized by three distinctive features, one had normal hearing, the other one lost hearing and the third had only minimal residual hearing ability. All participants, except those of group one, were capable of using German Sign Language (GSL). The groups were studied with functional MRI in a standard block design during individuals' watching sign language videos alternating with black frame. During sign language conditions, deaf subjects revealed a significant activation of the auditory cortex in both hemispheres comprising </span>Brodmann areas (BA) 42 and 22 corresponding to the secondary associative auditory areas. Additionally, activation of the angular and supramarginal gyrus was seen. Activation of the primary auditory cortex was revealed in deaf subjects with total hearing loss during sign language tasks but not in subjects with residual hearing ability. In conclusion our results indicate a </span>cortical reorganization of the auditory cortex comprising primary auditory fields only present in subjects with total hearing loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25665190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 108

Robotic movement elicits automatic imitation 机器人的动作引起人们的自动模仿

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.020

Clare Press, Geoffrey Bird, Rüdiger Flach, Cecilia Heyes

{"title":"Robotic movement elicits automatic imitation","authors":"Clare Press, Geoffrey Bird, Rüdiger Flach, Cecilia Heyes","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent behavioural and neuroimaging studies<span> have found that observation of human movement, but not of robotic movement, gives rise to visuomotor priming. This implies that the ‘mirror neuron’ or ‘action observation–execution matching’ system in the premotor and parietal cortices is entirely unresponsive to robotic movement. The present study investigated this hypothesis using an ‘automatic imitation’ stimulus–response compatibility procedure. Participants were required to perform a prespecified movement (e.g. opening their hand) on presentation of a human or robotic hand in the terminal posture of a compatible movement (opened) or an incompatible movement (closed). Both the human and the robotic stimuli elicited automatic imitation; the prespecified action was initiated faster when it was cued by the compatible movement stimulus than when it was cued by the incompatible movement stimulus. However, even when the human and robotic stimuli were of comparable size, colour and brightness, the human hand had a stronger effect on performance. These results suggest that effector shape is sufficient to allow the action observation–matching system to distinguish human from robotic movement. They also indicate, as one would expect if this system develops through learning, that to varying degrees both human and robotic action can be ‘simulated’ by the premotor and parietal cortices.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25741891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 236

Accessing world knowledge: Evidence from N400 and reaction time priming 获取世界知识:来自N400和反应时间启动的证据

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.011

Dorothee J. Chwilla, Herman H.J. Kolk

{"title":"Accessing world knowledge: Evidence from N400 and reaction time priming","authors":"Dorothee J. Chwilla, Herman H.J. Kolk","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How fast are we in accessing world knowledge? In two experiments, we tested for priming for word triplets that described a conceptual script (e.g., DIRECTOR–BRIBE–DISMISSAL) but were not associatively related and did not share a category relationship. Event-related brain potentials were used to track the time course at which script information becomes available. In Experiment 1, in which participants made lexical decisions<span>, we found a facilitation for script-related relative to unrelated triplets, as indicated by (i) a decrease in both reaction time and errors, and (ii) an N400-like priming effect. In Experiment 2, we further explored the locus of script priming by increasing the contribution of meaning integration processes. The participants' task was to indicate whether the three words presented a plausible scenario. Again, an N400 script priming effect was obtained. Directing attention to script relations was effective in enhancing the N400 effect. The time course of the N400 effect was similar to that of the standard N400 effect to semantic relations. The present results show that script priming can be obtained in the visual modality, and that script information is immediately accessed and integrated with context. This supports the view that script information forms a central aspect of word meaning. The RT and N400 script priming effects reported in this article are problematic for most current semantic priming<span> models, like spreading activation models, expectancy models, and task-specific semantic matching/integration models. They support a view in which there is no clear cutoff point between semantic knowledge and world knowledge.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25637993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 103

Optic flow dominates visual scene polarity in causing adaptive modification of locomotor trajectory 光流在引起运动轨迹自适应修正方面优于视觉场景极性

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.012

Y. Nomura , A.P. Mulavara , J.T. Richards , R. Brady , J.J. Bloomberg

{"title":"Optic flow dominates visual scene polarity in causing adaptive modification of locomotor trajectory","authors":"Y. Nomura , A.P. Mulavara , J.T. Richards , R. Brady , J.J. Bloomberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Locomotion and posture are influenced and controlled by vestibular, visual and somatosensory information. Optic flow and scene polarity are two characteristics of a visual scene that have been identified as being critical in how they affect perceived body orientation and self motion. The goal of this study was to determine the role of optic flow and visual scene polarity on adaptive modification in locomotor trajectory. An object is said to have visual polarity, or to be “visually polarized”, when it contains an identifiable principal axis with one end distinct from the other. Two computer-generated virtual reality scenes were shown to subjects during 20 min of treadmill walking. One scene was a highly polarized scene, while the other was composed of objects displayed in a non-polarized fashion. Both virtual scenes depicted constant rate self motion equivalent to walking counterclockwise around the perimeter of a room. Subjects performed Stepping Tests blindfolded before and after scene exposure to assess adaptive changes in locomotor trajectory. Subjects showed a significant difference in heading direction, between pre- and post-adaptation Stepping Tests, when exposed to either scene during treadmill walking. However, there was no significant difference in the subjects' heading direction between the two visual scene polarity conditions. Therefore, it was inferred from these data that optic flow has a greater role than visual polarity in influencing adaptive locomotor function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25630782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.021

Joanna Morris , Phillip J. Holcomb

引用次数: 83

Double dissociation in neural correlates of visual working memory: A PET study 视觉工作记忆神经相关的双重分离:PET研究

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.004

J. Ventre-Dominey , A. Bailly , F. Lavenne , D. LeBars , H. Mollion , N. Costes , P.F. Dominey

{"title":"Double dissociation in neural correlates of visual working memory: A PET study","authors":"J. Ventre-Dominey , A. Bailly , F. Lavenne , D. LeBars , H. Mollion , N. Costes , P.F. Dominey","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using positron emission tomography (PET), we investigated the organisation of spatial versus object-based visual working memory in 11 normal human subjects. The paradigm involved a conditional colour-response association task embedded within two visual working memory tasks. The subject had to remember a position (spatial) or shape (object-based) and then use this to recover the colour of the matching element for the conditional association. Activation of the nucleus accumbens and the anterior cingulate cortex was observed during the conditional associative task, indicating a possible role of these limbic structures in associative memory. When the 2 memory tasks were contrasted, we observed activation of 2 distinct cortical networks: (1) The spatial task activated a dorsal stream network distributed in the right hemisphere in the parieto-occipital cortex and the dorsal prefrontal cortex, and (2) The non spatial task activated a ventral stream network distributed in the left hemisphere in the temporo- occipital cortex, the ventral prefrontal cortex and the striatum. These results support the existence of a domain-specific dissociation with dorsal and ventral cortical systems involved respectively in spatial and non spatial working memory functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25651013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 63

Brain Research Young Investigator Awards 脑研究青年研究者奖

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0926-6410(05)00305-8

引用次数: 0

Neural mechanism for judging the appropriateness of facial affect 判断面部表情适当性的神经机制

Cognitive Brain Research Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.018

Ji-Woong Kim , Jae-Jin Kim , Bum Seok Jeong , Seon Wan Ki , Dong-Mi Im , Soo Jung Lee , Hong Shick Lee

{"title":"Neural mechanism for judging the appropriateness of facial affect","authors":"Ji-Woong Kim , Jae-Jin Kim , Bum Seok Jeong , Seon Wan Ki , Dong-Mi Im , Soo Jung Lee , Hong Shick Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Questions regarding the appropriateness of facial expressions in particular situations arise ubiquitously in everyday social interactions. To determine the appropriateness of facial affect, first of all, we should represent our own or the other's emotional state as induced by the social situation. Then, based on these representations, we should infer the possible affective response of the other person. In this study, we identified the brain mechanism mediating special types of social evaluative judgments of facial affect in which the internal reference is related to theory of mind<span> (ToM) processing. Many previous ToM studies have used non-emotional stimuli, but, because so much valuable social information is conveyed through nonverbal emotional channels, this investigation used emotionally salient visual materials to tap ToM. Fourteen right-handed healthy subjects volunteered for our study. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activation during the judgmental task for the appropriateness of facial affects as opposed to gender matching tasks. We identified activation of a brain network, which includes both medial frontal cortex, left temporal pole, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left thalamus during the judgmental task for appropriateness of facial affect compared to the gender matching task. The results of this study suggest that the brain system involved in ToM plays a key role in judging the appropriateness of facial affect in an emotionally laden situation. In addition, our result supports that common neural substrates are involved in performing diverse kinds of ToM tasks irrespective of perceptual modalities and the emotional salience of test materials.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100287,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25648952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29