Peter R. Morresey BVSc, MACVSc, DipACT, DipACVIM (Large Animal)
{"title":"Management of the Acutely Neurologic Patient","authors":"Peter R. Morresey BVSc, MACVSc, DipACT, DipACVIM (Large Animal)","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessment and stabilization of the acutely neurologic equine patient presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Depending on the etiology of the neurologic condition and severity of its manifestations, further injury may result to both the central nervous system and body as a whole. Interventions should be aimed at medical stabilization of concurrent conditions, localization and assessment of the neurologic lesion, timely and rational medical therapies, and support for the animal as a whole while treatment continues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 104-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87072788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine M. Russell BVSc, MACVSc, Pamela A. Wilkins DVM, MS, PhD, Dipl ACVIM, Dipl ACVECC
{"title":"Evaluation of the Recumbent Neonate","authors":"Catherine M. Russell BVSc, MACVSc, Pamela A. Wilkins DVM, MS, PhD, Dipl ACVIM, Dipl ACVECC","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evaluation of the recumbent neonate is not always straightforward and supportive treatment often needs to be initiated before a thorough examination can be completed. After the foal is stabilized a complete picture must be obtained that includes history of the mare and foal including information about the delivery and placenta. Neonatal diseases can be complex affecting many different body systems, and a methodical approach to examination is important to promote selection of appropriate diagnostic tests. Common causes of recumbency in the newborn foal include sepsis, hypoxia, trauma, and colic, but it is important to recognize more unusual conditions that can be life-threatening and require immediate intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91406923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lacerations Involving Synovial Structures: Initial Treatment and Novel Therapy for Infectious Arthritis/Tenosynovitis","authors":"Beth M. Kraus DVM, Dip ACVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infection of a synovial structure is a disabling and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improves the prognosis for open joint injuries in horses. An understanding of risk factors and knowledge of proper diagnostics is important to avoid a delay in the correct diagnosis of an open synovial structure, initiate treatment before synovial structure infection develops, and improve prognosis for return to function. This article focuses on initial evaluation and therapy directed at the contaminated open synovial structure before the development of an established infection. Surgical treatment options as well local therapy for infected synovial structures are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87387765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Capaldo DVM, A.M. Komáromy Dr Med Vet, PhD, Dipl ACVO & ECVO
{"title":"Ophthalmic Emergency","authors":"F. Capaldo DVM, A.M. Komáromy Dr Med Vet, PhD, Dipl ACVO & ECVO","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article discusses the etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment as well as the prognosis of some of the more common ophthalmic emergencies in horses. Common ocular emergencies in horses include: lid laceration, corneal ulceration and laceration, corneal stromal abscess, and sudden blindness. Concern for the patient’s vision and ocular comfort should guide the practitioner’s diagnostic and therapeutic plan. Delay in treating true emergencies may result in blindness or in loss of the eye. In horses, most acutely painful eyes are affected by corneal disease, especially ulcerative keratitis. Therefore, fluorescein staining is one of the most important parts of the diagnostic workup. Ocular emergencies in horses require immediate veterinary care because the prognosis for the eye and for vision may depend on it. Proper diagnosis, adequate therapy, and timely referral, if necessary, are important when trying to save globe and vision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137162740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina G. Lu VMD, Dipl ACT , Bonnie S. Barr VMD, Dipl ACVIM , Rolf Embertson DVM, Dipl VS , Barbara Dallap Schaer VMD, Dipl VS, Dipl VECC
{"title":"Dystocia—A True Equine Emergency","authors":"Kristina G. Lu VMD, Dipl ACT , Bonnie S. Barr VMD, Dipl ACVIM , Rolf Embertson DVM, Dipl VS , Barbara Dallap Schaer VMD, Dipl VS, Dipl VECC","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dystocia, with the potential for mare and foal morbidity and mortality, contributes significantly to reproductive loss. Mare recovery and foal survival rates may be improved with knowledge of normal parturition and early recognition of dystocia. Through this, prompt veterinary intervention and dystocia resolution is facilitated. Foal compromise is common with prolonged second stage labor, necessitating medical resuscitation and stabilization. In the following article, dystocia survey results are reviewed and intervention methods are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73144165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louise L. Southwood BVSc, PhD, Dipl ACVS, Dipl ACVECC
{"title":"Acute Abdomen","authors":"Louise L. Southwood BVSc, PhD, Dipl ACVS, Dipl ACVECC","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colic is the most common problem necessitating emergency care of horses. Obtaining a thorough history and performing a meticulous physical examination is critical when examining a horse with colic. Ancillary tests, such as hematology and serum biochemistry, peritoneal fluid analysis, ultrasonography, and radiography, can be used to obtain a more specific diagnosis, determine the need for exploratory celiotomy, and estimate prognosis. While the causes of colic are numerous and in some cases life-threatening, the majority of horses showing signs of colic respond to basic medical management. The prognosis for horses with more serious causes of colic has improved dramatically over the past 10 years, predominantly because of early referral and surgical intervention. Future epidemiological studies investigating the causes of colic and novel treatment methods for horses with strangulating lesions are necessary for continued improvement in survival rates of the colic patient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 112-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137162625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophy A. Jesty DVM, Virginia B. Reef DVM, Dipl ACVIM
{"title":"Evaluation of the Horse with Acute Cardiac Crisis","authors":"Sophy A. Jesty DVM, Virginia B. Reef DVM, Dipl ACVIM","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the horse in acute cardiac crisis is not common, there are times when prompt diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease are necessary for a positive outcome. Many veterinarians claim to be less comfortable with cardiology than other specialties, and equine practitioners are no different. However, knowledge about the physiology, diagnosis, and immediate treatment of a few of the more common equine cardiac emergencies is an attainable task. Conditions that can lead to acute cardiac crisis in the horse include arrhythmias (associated with aortocardiac fistula, myocarditis, toxins, cardiac hypoxia and ischemia, and infectious causes), heart failure (associated with congenital malformations, acquired degenerative valve disease, infectious valvulitis, and ruptured chordae tendinae), bacterial endocarditis, and pericarditis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73870455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Foals","authors":"Bettina Dunkel DVM, DipACVIM, DipACVECC","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by acute, uncontrolled interstitial and alveolar inflammation secondary to a pulmonary or systemic insult. Endothelial and epithelial damage increases alveolo-capillary permeability leading to protein-rich alveolar edema. Clinical manifestations include severe hypoxemia minimally responsive to oxygen therapy, decreased total lung compliance, and increased airway resistance. Foals present with acute onset of severe respiratory distress. In most cases the initial insult can be attributed to an underlying bacterial, or rarely, viral pneumonia. Laboratory findings include severe hypoxemia, hypo- or hypercapnia, leukocytosis, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Radiographic findings vary from heavy interstitial to coalescing alveolar patterns. Treatment consists of intranasal oxygen supplementation, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobials if underlying bacterial infection is suspected. Based on limited available reports in foals, prognosis is guarded, but even severe cases can survive and return to athletic function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79942226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis: Treatment, Prognosis, and Prevention","authors":"Robert J. MacKay BVSc, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Treatment for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis<span> (EPM) was introduced in 1974 based on protocols used for treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis of humans. The original regimen of a sulfonamide (sometimes with trimethoprim) plus pyrimethamine has continued, with minor alterations, to this day. Since 2000, the folate inhibitors sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine, the triazinetrione ponazuril, and the nitrothiazole nitazoxanide have all been licensed by the FDA for the treatment of EPM. A triazinedione drug, diclazuril, is pending approval. Dosage regimens for anti-EPM drugs have been determined by considerations of cost, convenience, in vitro potency against </span></span><span><em>Sarcocystis</em><em> neurona</em></span>, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations, safety, and the results of clinical efficacy studies. Because of differences in techniques and experimental design among studies performed for each of these drugs, objective comparison of different treatments is not yet possible. On the basis of published results of clinical efficacy studies, it is reasonable to expect that about 60% of horses with moderate to severe EPM will improve after treatment with any of the approved medications, with 10% to 20% recovering completely.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73720614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T.J. Divers, N.G. Ducharme, A. de Lahunta, N.L. Irby, P.V. Scrivani
{"title":"Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy","authors":"T.J. Divers, N.G. Ducharme, A. de Lahunta, N.L. Irby, P.V. Scrivani","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy and accompanying fractures of these bones is a common cause of unilateral facial paralysis and/or vestibular disease in adult horses. Approximately 50% of horses recover following medical treatment with antibiotics and antiinflammatory drugs. A ceratohyoidectomy is recommended to prevent additional fractures and recurrence of clinical signs. Exposure keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca<span> are frequent complications to facial nerve paralysis<span>, and partial tarsorrhaphy is helpful in preventing these complications.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137193494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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