Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice最新文献_第4页

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Proximal Metacarpal and Metatarsal Regions 近端掌骨和跖骨区域的磁共振成像

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.11.007

Sarah N. Sampson DVM, Russell L. Tucker DVM, DACVR

引用次数: 29

Diagnosis and Treatment of Flexural Deformities in Foals 马驹屈曲畸形的诊断与治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/J.CTEP.2006.09.003

J. Auer

引用次数: 25

Diagnosis and Treatment of Flexural Deformities in Foals 马驹屈曲畸形的诊断与治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.003

Joerg A. Auer Dr Med Vet, MS, Dipl ACVS, ECVS

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Flexural Deformities in Foals","authors":"Joerg A. Auer Dr Med Vet, MS, Dipl ACVS, ECVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexural deformities represent deviations in the sagittal plane. They are divided into contractural and hyperextension deformities either congenital or developmental in origin. Diagnosis is usually straightforward and should lead to immediate treatment to prevent secondary complications. Inherited factors such as rapid growth response to high energy nutrition play an important role in the development of the problems; balancing nutritional intake is the key in the prevention of flexural deformities. While congenital contractural deformities are usually managed either by medical means (oxytetracyline IV) or application of special shoes (toe extensions), digital hyperextension deformities are usually handled through swimming exercise or the application of heel extensions—surgical intervention is rarely indicated. Surgical intervention is in most cases the treatment of choice in developmental contractural deformities—desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon for deformities of the distal interphalangeal joint and desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 282-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91681855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Septic Arthritis, Osteitis, and Osteomyelitis in Foals 马驹脓毒性关节炎、骨炎和骨髓炎的病因学、诊断和治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.005

Joanne Hardy DVM, PhD, Dip ACVS, Dip ACVECC

引用次数: 33

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Long Bone Fractures in Foals 马驹长骨骨折的病因、诊断和治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.004

J.P. Watkins DVM, MS, DACVS

引用次数: 22

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Long Bone Fractures in Foals 马驹长骨骨折的病因、诊断和治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/J.CTEP.2006.09.004

J. Watkins

引用次数: 22

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of OC(D) OC的病因、诊断和治疗(D)

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.08.002

P. René van Weeren DVM, PhD, Dipl ECVS

{"title":"Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of OC(D)","authors":"P. René van Weeren DVM, PhD, Dipl ECVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Osteochondrosis (OC) can be defined as a disturbance of the process of </span>endochondral ossification of the articular-epiphyseal complex. The ensuing irregularities of the ossification front lead to thick cartilage plugs, the deeper parts of which may become necrotic because nutrition by diffusion becomes insufficient. In the final stage osteochondral fragments may detach and become loose or semiloose intraarticular bodies or joint mice. In this stage, the term </span>osteochondritis dissecans is used. Osteochondrosis has a high incidence (on average 25%) in most Warmblood breeds and in the racing breeds. Performance is not always affected, but losses to the equine industry are huge, both directly and indirectly through loss of breeding potential and depreciation of market value of affected animals. Osteochondrosis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic influences (accounting for about 25% of the phenotype), nutritional factors, biomechanical influences, and conformation play a role. The disease is very dynamic during the first months of life when lesions may appear and regress spontaneously, indicating that OC has a dualistic character in which the final clinical outcome is determined by the etiologic factors mentioned above and a repair process incited by the lesions. With increasing age, the remodeling rate of the extracellular matrix of the cartilage decreases and after a certain age no substantial change in the radiographic appearance of lesions is seen anymore. In general, no major change can be expected after 1 year of age. For this reason it is advised not to apply the treatment of choice, which is arthroscopic surgery, before this age. Diagnosis of OC has always been based on clinical and radiographic findings, but more advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, and the use of biomarkers may play a more important role in the future. Biomarkers may also be used for prevention to identify animals that are at risk for the development of OC. For these animals, environmental conditions may then be manipulated to maximally reduce the risk of OC. Genetic markers may become a tool too, but the complex character of OC and the relatively big influence of environmental factors make a real breakthrough in this area improbable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 248-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86961995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment Strategies for Angular Limb Deformities in the Foal 马驹角状肢体畸形的诊断、评估和治疗策略

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.002

Larry R. Bramlage DVM, MS, Dipl ACVS , Joerg A. Auer Dr Med Vet, MS, Dipl ACVS, ECVS

{"title":"Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment Strategies for Angular Limb Deformities in the Foal","authors":"Larry R. Bramlage DVM, MS, Dipl ACVS , Joerg A. Auer Dr Med Vet, MS, Dipl ACVS, ECVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incomplete ossification is an important parameter to keep in mind in newly born foals with angular limb deformities (ALD). Because these animals need immediate veterinary attention, client education is of pivotal interest. In most other inciting causes of ALD, time is not as important. Many deformities may correct on their own as long as skeletal maturity is present. Especially in foals with mild to moderate valgus deformities of the carpal region treatment may be postponed until 8 to 10 months of age, because at this time some accelerated growth is usually noted at the lateral aspect of the radius, correcting the deformity. Varus deformities of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bones (McIII/MtIII) should be diagnosed in the first couple of months of age and treated immediately, because around 3 months of age, the distal physis of these bones closes. After that time surgical growth manipulations are ineffective. Care should be taken to also evaluate the proximal phalanx, because frequently an opposing deformity develops in this bone, seemingly straightening the limb axis, but orienting the joint not parallel to the ground, which results in an abnormal ambulation of the foal and disproportionate loads exerted on the medial versus lateral aspect of the joint and subsequent development of arthritis. Some foals are born with “offset” or bench knees. This conformational defect may prevent some foals from ever becoming successful athletes. There is some controversy among specialists as to the development of this deformity. One school of thought is a lateral displacement of the small carpal bones within the carpal region, whereas the other explains the deformity as a combination of a valgus deformity of the radius with a varus deformity of McIII. The purpose of this article is to critically discuss the development and treatment strategies of ALD. The actual management of the different problems is discussed in a subsequent article.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90946989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Treatment of Angular Limb Deformities in Foals 马驹角状肢体畸形的治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.001

Joerg A. Auer Dr Med Vet, MS, Dipl ACVS, ECVS , Brigitte von Rechenberg Dr Med Vet, PD, Dipl ECVS

{"title":"Treatment of Angular Limb Deformities in Foals","authors":"Joerg A. Auer Dr Med Vet, MS, Dipl ACVS, ECVS , Brigitte von Rechenberg Dr Med Vet, PD, Dipl ECVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Presently the approach to the treatment of angular limb deformities (ALD) is changing. While several years ago early recognition and early treatment was the aim, the recent trend goes more toward a selective approach. Immature foals with incomplete ossification of the precursor cartilage, best identified in the carpal and tarsal region are treated as early as possible with splints to facilitate ossification under even axial loads. Foals suffering from metaphyseal asymmetric growth but normal ossification are frequently observed for several months to allow to correct by themselves. In severe cases, meaning foals with deformities of greater than 12°, early treatment is proposed as well. Foals suffering from varus deformities<span> of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal region should be treated before 1 month of age. The reason for this is the early closure of the physis at the approximate age of 3 months and in severe cases the development of an opposing valgus deformity<span> within the proximal phalanx. Treatment techniques include growth acceleration, temporary unilateral growth retardation, and a combination thereof. The positive effect of hemicircumferential periosteal transection and stripping (HCPTS) was recently questioned, but in the mean time the pathway of the corrective mechanisms could be established with the help of molecular biology techniques. As a matter of fact, the experiments conducted to disprove the effect of HCPTS helped to clear up the mechanism. In a few words: the surgical insult near the shorter metaphyseal region upregulates Indian Hedge Hog (Ihh), which reach the physis via afferent blood vessels where they upregulate parathyroid hormones<span> (PTH) and they accelerate the physeal growth locally. With the pathway cleared up, this technique regains part of its former popularity. Growth retardation can be achieved by several surgical techniques, which temporarily bridge the physis on the longer side of the bone until the shorter side has caught up. This type of management is proposed as state of the art in opposing valgus deformities of the proximal phalanx. Once the limb is straight the implants are removed. In bilateral deformities the implants in one limb may have to be removed before the other one. By waiting until the second limb is straight as well, the faster correcting one may have already overcorrected. Recently, radial extracorporal shock wave therapy has been introduced with apparently good results, to achieve a temporary growth retardation in a noninvasive manner. Once the physis is closed, angular limb deformities cannot be corrected any more through growth modulation. The only possible way is one type of corrective osteotomy or ostectomy.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 270-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76883940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Septic Arthritis, Osteitis, and Osteomyelitis in Foals 马驹脓毒性关节炎、骨炎和骨髓炎的病因学、诊断和治疗

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1053/J.CTEP.2006.09.005

J. Hardy

引用次数: 33