Clinical Immunology Communications最新文献

{"title":"TSLP activates the production of IFN-γ via CD8-positive T cells in recurrent tonsillitis","authors":"Kota Hiraoka,&nbsp;Toshiaki Kawano,&nbsp;Takashi Hirano,&nbsp;Masashi Urabe,&nbsp;Kaori Tateyama,&nbsp;Masashi Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in chronic infection is not well understood. We report an increased number of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+ T) cells and higher expression of TSLP in the tonsil tissues of patients with recurrent tonsillitis as compared to that in the tonsil tissues of patients with tonsillar hypertrophy. Stimulation of tonsil CD8+ T cells with TSLP in the recurrent tonsillitis group resulted in higher production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and increased cell proliferation when compared to that in the tonsillar hypertrophy group. These results suggest the possibility that recurrent infection of tonsils may enhance local CD8+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ and TSLP production. Anti-TSLP antibodies, which are potential therapeutic agents in allergic diseases, could have beneficial effects in patients with recurrent tonsillitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 98-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000142/pdfft?md5=211611bc8be715a6c161329c2208c338&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000142-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89400149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular linking of HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) and T-regulatory cells (FOXp3) and Th-17 (RORɣ) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer","authors":"M D Ray ,&nbsp;SVS Deo ,&nbsp;Kalpana Luthra ,&nbsp;Sandeep Mathur ,&nbsp;Prem Anand ,&nbsp;Romsha Kumar ,&nbsp;Shaifali Sharma ,&nbsp;Shruti Kahol ,&nbsp;Abdul Wahid","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite of multimodality treatment of Ovarian Cancer (OC), about two-thirds of patients have peritoneal recurrence with 5-year survival of 15–35%. HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) delivers cell-cycle non-specific chemotherapeutic agents along with the temperature of 41°C to 43 °C into the peritoneal cavity after achieving complete cytoreduction, improving overall survival around 50% and recurrence-free survival significantly. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC may be <strong>Upfront</strong>OR <strong>Primary -</strong> when performed primarily<strong>, Interval -</strong> when performed after 3 to 6 six cycles of Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) and S<strong>econdary-</strong>when performed for patients who have a recurrence after CRS. OC is associated frequently with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in OC microenvironment. Here, we sought to study the interaction of HIPEC on FOXp3 and RORɣ T cells in primary, interval and recurrent settings of HIPEC.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>We have seen the expression of FOXp3, RORɣ in tumor tissue and surrounding normal tissue of ovarian cancer patients. We also performed IHC of tumor tissue and qRT-PCR of cDNA, isolated from tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue for the same expression and compared intra-group and among the groups.We studied the expression of FOXp3,RORɣ, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) before and after HIPEC in one week and four weeks and compared the changes of expressions.  We included 30 patients with FIGO stage III to IVA advanced Epithelial ovarian cancer patients, with minimum 10 patients in each subgroup i.e.,upfront, interval and secondary. The pilot study was conducted between June 2017 to February 2021 at the premier Institute, India after Ethical approval.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Though there was highest expression of FOXp3 mRNA in recurrent group followed by upfront and interval. However, there was no difference in RORɣ T cell mRNA (by qRT-PCR) expression among three subgroups. We found the change in the expression of FOXp3 and RORɣ T cell in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flowcytometry, before and after HIPEC (around 1 week and 4 week after HIPEC) to be significant. In the interval group, there was decreased expression of pre-op Foxp3 compared to the upfront (<em>p</em> = 0.0121) and control (<em>p</em> = 0.0187). These findings suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy may reverse the immunosuppressive environment in ovarian cancers. In the upfront group, there was a transient increase of FOXp3 in one week post HIPEC (<em>p</em> = 0.005) and then it decreased to below pre-op values in 4 weeks (<em>p</em> = 0.022). There was no difference in pre-op RORγ and IL 17 among the three subgroups.However, RORγ was increased at four weeks post-HIPEC in the upfront group (<em>p</em> = 0.009), interval group (<em>p</em> = 0.032), and the recurrent group. (<em>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000117/pdfft?md5=8e67252b7768ad788b550654bd098c02&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trained innate immunity and diseases: Bane with the boon","authors":"Suhana Mishra ,&nbsp;Amir Mohammad Arsh ,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh Rathore","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging research shows that innate immunity can also keep the memory of prior experiences, challenging the long-held notion that immunological memory is only the domain of the adaptive immune cells. However, the absence of immunological memory in innate immune responses has recently been brought into question. Now it is known that after a few transient activations, innate immune cells may acquire immunological memory phenotype, resulting in a stronger response to a subsequent secondary challenge. When exposed to particular microbial and/or inflammatory stimuli, trained innate immunity is characterized by the enhanced non-specific response, which is regulated by substantial metabolic alterations and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity is acquired by two main reprogramming, namely, epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic adaptation/reprogramming. Epigenetic reprogramming causes changes in gene expression and cell physiology, resulting in internal cell signaling and/or accelerated and amplified cytokine release. Metabolic changes due to trained immunity induce accelerated glycolysis and glutaminolysis. As a result, trained immunity can have unfavorable outcomes, such as hyper inflammation and the development of cardiovascular diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and neuroinflammation. In this review, the current scenario in the area of trained innate immunity, its mechanisms, and its involvement in immunological disorders are briefly outlined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 118-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000208/pdfft?md5=bc92de732b3ff9c163ed4ad5cb40b59f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000208-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum calprotectin is useful to confirm inflammatory bowel disease activity but not to predict relapse","authors":"Pauline Veyrard ,&nbsp;Xavier Roblin ,&nbsp;Céline Pansart ,&nbsp;Ren Mao ,&nbsp;Stéphane Nancey ,&nbsp;Martin Killian ,&nbsp;Louis Waeckel ,&nbsp;Anne-Emmanuelle Berger ,&nbsp;Nicolas Williet ,&nbsp;Laetitia Bastide ,&nbsp;Mathilde Barrau ,&nbsp;Quentin Tournier ,&nbsp;Stéphane Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Serum calprotectin (SC), a novel biomarker of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), has been recently investigated with conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of SC to predict relapse in IBD patients treated by biologic therapies, and to evaluate the correlation between SC, clinical and endoscopic relapse and other biomarkers as fecal calprotectin (FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>All consecutive IBD patients in deep remission (clinical, endoscopic or imaging remission) were followed 12 months in this prospective study. Blood and stool samples were collected for SC, serum CRP and FC. SC was measured the day of inclusion (baseline, D0), 3 months (M3) and at 6 months (M6) or during the study period for clinical relapse. Relapse was defined as clinical, biomarkers, or endoscopic/imaging activities. Evolution of SC was quantified before relapse to analyze a predicting value of loss of response (LOR). SC for patients with active IBD and those with symptoms without inflammation were also compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 119 patients included, 54 (46.4%) patients experienced a disease relapse during follow-up. Median SC levels did not increase in patients with clinical relapse (3.15 µg/ml at baseline, 3.38 µg/ml at M3, 3.33 µg/ml at M6 and 3.99 µg/ml in case of relapse (<em>p</em> = 0.63)). SC were compared during relapse in patients with endoscopic remission but clinical symptoms defined as secondary Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). SC levels were higher in active IBD and similar between the groups of patients with IBS or deep remission (3.05 µg/ml IBS <em>vs</em> 2.99 µg/ml remission <em>vs</em> 5.1 µg/ml for clinical relapse, <em>p</em> = 0.04). In patients with clinical symptoms, SC presents a good predictive value for relapse (AUROC 0.764, IC95: 0.68–0.88), with a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 77%, using a cut-off value of 4.45 µg/ml. A weak, but significant correlation was found between SC and FC levels (<em>r</em> = 0.35, <em>P</em> = 0.001). A combined score with CRP, FC and SC is not efficient to improve IBD diagnostic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>SC was significantly higher in patients with clinical relapse compared to those with endoscopic remission with or without clinical symptoms. SC allow to discriminate patients with active IBD or with IBS but failed to predict relapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277261342200004X/pdfft?md5=39f3b7c1d3b877f7b7bb8e0e99a22f90&pid=1-s2.0-S277261342200004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90691289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome: An autoimmune disorder post-COVID-19 vaccination?","authors":"Zafran Khan ,&nbsp;Ubaid Ahmad ,&nbsp;Daniya Ualiyeva ,&nbsp;Obed Boadi Amissah ,&nbsp;Asaf Khan ,&nbsp;Zohaib Noor ,&nbsp;Nasib Zaman","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SARS-CoV-2 causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious condition that can present none or one or more of these symptoms: fever, cough, headache, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, aches, fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. For the prevention of COVID-19, there are vaccines available including those developed by Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, Janssen, and AstraZeneca. Recent evidence has shown that some COVID-19-vaccinated individuals can occasionally develop as a potential side effect Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a severe neurological autoimmune condition in which the immune response against the peripheral nerve system (PNS) can result in significant morbidity. GBS had been linked previously to several viral or bacterial infections, and the finding of GBS after vaccination with certain COVID-19, while rare, should alert medical practitioners for an early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Here we review five cases of GBS that developed in different countries after COVID-19 vaccination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613421000147/pdfft?md5=f005b5e6811cb9abe9678febb5aa3d6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613421000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77059282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory T cell responses in seronegative older adults following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","authors":"Merve Hafızoğlu ,&nbsp;Arzu Okyar Bas ,&nbsp;Ece Tavukçuoğlu ,&nbsp;Zeynep Sahiner ,&nbsp;Merve Güner Oytun ,&nbsp;Sıla Ulutürk ,&nbsp;Hamdullah Yanık ,&nbsp;Burcu Balam Doğu ,&nbsp;Mustafa Cankurtaran ,&nbsp;Güneş Esendağlı ,&nbsp;Filiz Akbıyık ,&nbsp;Banu Çakır ,&nbsp;Serhat Ünal ,&nbsp;Meltem Gülhan Halil","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Generating memory T cell responses besides humoral immune responses is essential when it comes to the efficacy of a vaccine. In this study, the presence of memory T cell responses after aluminum-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in seronegative and seropositive elderly individuals were examined. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ memory T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production capacities were evaluated. Additionally, clinical frailty scale (CFS) and FRAIL scales of the individuals were scored. CD4⁺ memory T cell responses more prominent than CD8⁺ memory T cells. In seronegative individuals, 80% of them had memory CD4⁺ and IFN-γ, whereas 50% of them had memory CD4⁺ and all of them had IFN-γ responses. Additionally, 40% of seronegative patients and 50% of seropositive patients had memory CD8⁺ responses. To sum up, humoral immune responses are not associated with memory T cell responses, and in seronegative individuals, memory T cell responses can be detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 154-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000257/pdfft?md5=56e3391f5c411316b885707b9433f9ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73061309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful desensitization in a patient with adalimumab hypersensitivity","authors":"Samantha Woolery ,&nbsp;Laura Bauler ,&nbsp;Patrick Jones ,&nbsp;Roua Azmeh","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adalimumab is a fully-humanized monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) that is used to suppress the immune response. Though rare, hypersensitivity reactions to adalimumab can occur. Desensitization protocols have been developed to safely administer many medications in patients with Type I and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions. This case describes a teenage patient with Crohn's Disease who developed a delayed pruritic urticarial rash hypersensitivity reaction to adalimumab. A novel desensitization protocol was developed based on available literature. Our protocol consisted of four weekly doses, with the first dose in seven steps, second dose in two steps, and two full doses at weekly intervals, before spacing to biweekly injections. This multipart protocol was necessary due to the long half-life of adalimumab, which also allows for maintenance of the desensitized state in between injections. This protocol successfully treated our patient's hypersensitivity to adalimumab, with no further hypersensitivity occurring over a two-year follow-up period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 30-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000038/pdfft?md5=0d967616fb19734c7b38e9c7c7bd729c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79703554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of exosomal miR-16-5p, miR-6721-5p, and miR-486-5p associated with immune infiltration for potential vitiligo theranostics","authors":"Abhimanyu Thakur ,&nbsp;Lifan Liang ,&nbsp;Deepjyoti Ghosh ,&nbsp;Alma Cili ,&nbsp;Kui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by the chronic loss of melanocytes and subsequent lack of melanin from the skin or hair or both. The resultant depigmentation state of the skin causing irregular white patches deteriorates the vitiligo patients’ quality of life by major stigmatizing psychological impact. Despite tremendous studies for the past several decades, there has been a dearth of precise theranostics for vitiligo, which necessitates to revisit the molecular changes in vitiligo. Following advent of omics research, the examination of circulating non-coding RNAs including miRNAs has been enormously utilized for potential vitiligo therapeutic targets, however the expression profile of miRNAs and their target genes have not been studied at exosomal level in correlation with the differentially expressed genes (DEG) at the tissue level in vitiligo patients.</p><p>Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles, with diameter approximately 30–200 nm, which is released from various cell types, and found in different biofluids including blood serum and plasma. Notably, the exosomes have been found to mimic the constituents of their parent cells, enabling it an excellent theranostics platform for diseased condition. Therefore, we investigated the plasma exosomal miRNA and identified the target genes associated with immune infiltration in vitiligo patients compared to healthy subjects. In this study, 65 DEGs have been analyzed by heatmap, among which 44 genes are up-regulated and 21 are down-regulated, which are associated with melanin- biosynthetic and metabolic process. <em>CENPN</em> and <em>SLIRP</em> were found to be substantially correlated with immune cells viz. CD8+ T cells, M1-macrophage. Among several target genes by the exosomal miRNAs, <em>SLIRP</em> has been found to be associated with miR-16-5p, whereas <em>CENPN</em> has been found to be associated with miR-6721-5p, and miR-486-5p. Conclusively, the exosomal miR-16-5p, miR-6721-5p, and miR-486-5p could be potential theranostics targets for vitiligo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000191/pdfft?md5=908570beb6fc1b603458566056826708&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000191-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82179865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in elderly individuals","authors":"Naoyuki Taira ,&nbsp;Sakura Toguchi ,&nbsp;Mio Miyagi ,&nbsp;Tomoari Mori ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Tomori ,&nbsp;Koichi Oshiro ,&nbsp;Osamu Tamai ,&nbsp;Mitsuo Kina ,&nbsp;Masatake Miyagi ,&nbsp;Kentaro Tamaki ,&nbsp;Mary K Collins ,&nbsp;Hiroki Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, but not antibodies, have been detected in some unexposed individuals. This may account for some of the diversity in clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe COVID-19. Although age is a risk factor for COVID-19, how age affects SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses remains unknown. We found that pre-existing T cell responses to specific SARS-CoV-2 proteins, Spike (S) and Nucleoprotein (N), were significantly lower in elderly donors (&gt;70 years old) than in young donors. However, substantial pre-existing T cell responses to the viral membrane (M) protein were detected in both young and elderly donors. In contrast, young and elderly donors exhibited comparable T cell responses to S, N, and M proteins after infection with SARS-CoV-2. These data suggest that although SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce T cell responses specific to various viral antigens regardless of age, diversity of target antigen repertoire for long-lived memory T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 may decline with age; however, memory T cell responses can be maintained by T cells reactive to specific viral proteins such as M. A better understanding of the role of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells that are less susceptible to age-related loss may contribute to development of more effective vaccines for elderly people.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613421000135/pdfft?md5=4948698e37d1c2b6c668210a53aeecfa&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613421000135-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86726127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis E virus sero-prevalence among pregnant women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan","authors":"Shahzad Ahmad Khan ,&nbsp;Zafran Khan ,&nbsp;Zahoor Alam ,&nbsp;Haris Sana ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Nasib Zaman ,&nbsp;Daniya Ualiveya ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Suleman","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Pakistan, the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent. HEV exposure is deadly during pregnancy, with high infection rates in both the mother and the baby, even in asymptomatic situations. The researcher examined HEV-negative pregnant women with acute hepatitis or increased renal characteristic assessments at 12 medical sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to identify maternal and fetal disease risks from August to December 2018. Except for one during the entire pregnancy, twenty-five of the 135 females were HEV-free and in the perinatal period. HEV infection was found in 0.19% of newly pregnant women. Also, 11 cases of forcible induction of labor, 7 cases of normal labor, 5 cases of normal labor (full-term), 2 cases of death, and 1 case of intrauterine death were reported before going to the doctor a girl had an abortion. There were eight postpartum deaths: five from infections, four from miscarriages, and two from miscarriages. While 18 mothers who survived voluntarily or intentionally induced abortions and three women who continued to get pregnant but did not deliver died as a result of abortion. The current study found that HEV infection during pregnancy raised the death rate by 14.2%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772613422000129/pdfft?md5=bd36dfa074a08228f684a1a5580d5461&pid=1-s2.0-S2772613422000129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85797420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}