Clinical Immunology Communications最新文献

{"title":"CASPASE-3 expression and activity in PBMCs associate with SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical features","authors":"Vanessa Mylenna Florêncio de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Bárbara de Oliveira Silva ,&nbsp;Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thacianna Barreto da Costa ,&nbsp;Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa ,&nbsp;Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo ,&nbsp;Michelly Cristiny Pereira ,&nbsp;Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although vaccines and treatments exist, new SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge. An imbalance between apoptosis and autophagy may contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis, leading to tissue damage and inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the role of cell death-related proteins during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their associations with clinical variables.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 140 samples were analyzed (<em>n</em> = 73 infected, <em>n</em> = 67 uninfected). Gene expression of apoptotic and autophagic markers was evaluated by RT-qPCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Caspase 3/7 activity was assessed using flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Infected patients showed higher expression of CASPASE 3, BID (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and MAP1LC3 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). CASPASE 3 expression was higher in variant omicron, male sex, high viral load, and various clinical symptoms. Caspase 3/7 activity increased in CD4⁺ T and B cells of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although our previous results with CASPASE 3 are promising and suggest that it may become a potential therapeutic target, additional studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses and evaluate potential intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprogramming immunity: Emerging therapeutic frontiers and clinical trial advances of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases","authors":"Arpita Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in immune tolerance, leading to chronic activation of autoreactive lymphocytes. Conventional therapies offer symptomatic relief but rarely achieve durable remission. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, originally developed for hematologic malignancies, is now being repurposed to selectively deplete pathogenic immune subsets in autoimmunity. This review explores how CAR-T cells may not only eliminate autoreactive B and T cells but also reprogram immune homeostasis toward long-term tolerance. Recent clinical success with CD19-directed CAR-T cells in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus underscores this paradigm shift. Furthermore, next-generation constructs including dual CARs, inhibitory CARs (iCARs), and CAR-Tregs offer innovative strategies to balance cytotoxicity with regulatory control. Key challenges such as antigen escape, off-target effects, and therapeutic accessibility are critically analyzed within current translational and clinical landscapes. This work advocates for a mechanistically guided redefinition of autoimmune therapy through precision-engineered immune reprogramming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling the serum cytokine B cell activating factor (BAFF),proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL), and BP180, BP230 antibodies in bullous pemphigoid patients before and after treatment: a prospective case-control study","authors":"Shadab Seraji ,&nbsp;Kamran Balighi ,&nbsp;Amir Hooshang Ehsani ,&nbsp;Ala Ehsani ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Maryam Daneshpazhooh ,&nbsp;Pedram Noormohammadpour ,&nbsp;Saman Al Zahawi ,&nbsp;Zeinab Aryanian ,&nbsp;Parvaneh Hatami","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease caused by auto-antibodies directed against specific components of the basement membrane molecules. It has been shown that T cell function and B cell survival depend on B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Its contribution to the formation of BP is yet unknown, though.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To measure the serum level of cytokines B cell activating factor (BAFF) and proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL), as well as BP180 and BP230 antibodies in patients with bullous pemphigoid before and after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>New patients with a confirmed diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid from a tertiary care hospital were selected. After obtaining written consent, blood samples were taken according to the required standards, and the levels of the above indices were checked before and four months after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This prospective case-control study recruited 32 patients with newly diagnosed BP and 24 healthy controls. Based on the obtained results, BAFF and APRIL levels were higher in the case group than the control group both before and after the treatment. Specifically, the changes in the BAFF index were statistically significant in both conditions: before treatment compared to controls (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and after treatment compared to controls (<em>P</em> = 0.015). Similarly, significant changes were observed in the APRIL index for the cases when comparing before treatment to controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Interestingly, those who have been treated with rituximab experienced a high level of BAFF even after treatment and in comparison with the healthy group but a decline in APRIL, BP180, and BP230.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study showed a decrease in APRIL, BP180, and BP230 indices in patients with Bullous pemphigoid after treatment in accordance with clinical improvement and remission. This study is one step forward in elaborating the role of BAFF and APRIL in the pathogenesis and monitoring of patients with BP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunologic profiles and infection patterns in patients with down syndrome: A retrospective review","authors":"Travis Satnarine ,&nbsp;Valishti Pundit ,&nbsp;Alana Xavier de Almeida ,&nbsp;Matthew Wyke ,&nbsp;Gary Kleiner ,&nbsp;Melissa Gans","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are known to have increased susceptibility to infections, yet the extent of underlying immune dysfunction remains under-characterized. This retrospective study evaluates immune abnormalities in individuals with DS referred for immunologic assessment. A review of electronic records (2010–2023) identified 17 unique patients (mean age 7.4 years). Recurrent infections included otitis media (29 %), viral URIs (24 %), and bacterial LRIs (24 %), though infection types were often poorly documented. Lab abnormalities were frequent: 15/17 (88 %) had ≥1; 9/17 (53 %) had absolute lymphopenia, and among those tested, 6/10 (60 %) had T-, B-, and/or NK-cell lymphopenia. Low immunoglobulins were seen in 7/14 (50 %). Pneumococcal titers were non‑protective in 9/12 (75 %) after the primary series, with only 50 % protective post‑booster. Interventions included additional pneumococcal vaccines (8/12, 67 %) and immunoglobulin therapy (1/17, 6 %). Findings underscore the high rate of immune abnormalities in individuals with DS and support routine immunologic evaluation and tailored interventions. Though referral bias may overestimate prevalence, results highlight the need for proactive immune monitoring in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural and hybrid immunity: A comparative study of T cell response against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Arthur Gomes de Andrade ,&nbsp;Fernando Cézar Comberlang ,&nbsp;Rephany Fonseca Peixoto ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira ,&nbsp;Francisco Sandro Aureliano ,&nbsp;Bárbara Guimarães Csordas ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva ,&nbsp;Tatjana S.L. Keesen","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination remains prudent as a form of combined protection. This strategy fosters the development of a hybrid immune response in individuals, surpassing the protective efficacy of natural infection or just vaccination. However, many questions remain unsolved, and more studies are needed to understand this type of immunity. Considering this, this study aimed to compare the T-cell immune profile of unvaccinated and vaccinated patients who had previously recovered from mild COVID-19. In a quiescent state characterized, CD8⁺ <em>T</em> cells derived from individuals who had experienced mild COVID-19 and remained unvaccinated exhibited elevated expression of CD69 and IFN-γ compared to the group that received the vaccination. Conversely, within the CD4⁺ <em>T</em> cell population, greater levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CD107a, and perforin are observed in the unvaccinated group compared to those vaccinated. Furthermore, a distinct functional profile emerges in T cells obtained from COVID-19-vaccinated patients who experienced mild COVID-19. Upon exposure to spike antigens, CD4⁺ <em>T</em> cells demonstrate heightened activity and functionality. This is evidenced by the augmented expression of CD137, CD69, and IL-10 compared to similarly affected yet unvaccinated patients. Moreover, the CD8⁺ <em>T</em> cell subset within the vaccinated cohort displays heightened levels of perforin, TNF-α, and IL-10 when juxtaposed with the unvaccinated group. These findings collectively imply the ability of unvaccinated individuals to develop an effector-oriented profile in their immune responses. Conversely, individuals who have encountered mild COVID-19 and subsequently received vaccination can orchestrate a proficient antiviral immune response, coupled with a major immunoregulatory capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 38-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes in breast cancer: Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic insights","authors":"Carolina Coradi ,&nbsp;Beatriz Geovana Leite Vacario ,&nbsp;Marina Rayciki Sotomayor ,&nbsp;Victor Pereira da Silva ,&nbsp;Gabriela Bonetti Bellandi ,&nbsp;Luísa Cristina Fortuna da Silva ,&nbsp;Carlos Frederico de Almeida ,&nbsp;Carolina Panis","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research into paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) has advanced significantly. This progress is reflected in the continuous refinement of diagnostic criteria and the introduction of novel antibodies for research purposes. Recently, there have been insights into the involvement of T cells in the pathophysiology of certain PNS, although many aspects of the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. In breast cancer, there is emerging evidence linking drug treatments to the onset of PNS, and associated molecular mechanisms enrolling the immune system have been delineated. Here, we explore the evolving understanding of paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome development in breast cancer patients, emphasizing the immunological molecular pathways involved and the role of cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the T helper 17 and T regulatory cell ratio in the gut-thyroid axis","authors":"Julia Williams,&nbsp;Anna Gruvstad Melén,&nbsp;Michelle Barrow","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alterations to the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites have been associated with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) via modulation of T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. However, in comparison to other autoimmune diseases there is a shortfall in research investigating pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this review was to evaluate mechanisms linking the GM to the immune modulation of Th17 and Tregs in the context of HT.</div><div>A systematic literature search was undertaken in two tranches: 1) review papers; 2) primary human, animal and <em>in vitro</em> evidence. 80 papers met the inclusion criteria. Primary papers were critically appraised using SIGN50 and ARRIVE guidelines. Narrative analysis of the key mechanistic themes from primary studies was conducted and a network diagram was developed.</div><div>Th17 has a pathogenic phenotype but the context by which this conversion occurs is less well understood. Results suggested microbiota induced production of interleukin-6, interleukin-23 and serum amyloid A proteins play a role. However, downregulation of Tregs could be a prerequisite given their role in T effector cell suppression. Short-chain fatty acids may promote Treg activity; therefore, reduced levels could create a pathogenic environment. Translocation of lipopolysaccharides was indicated as a potential inducer of Th17. Evidence to support the migration of T cells primed in the intestines to other tissues also provided plausibility for mechanisms involving the gut-thyroid axis.</div><div>The findings suggest that the GM and its metabolites have immunomodulatory effects on the Th17/Treg ratio. However, research is lacking in HT patients and experimental thyroiditis animal models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 10-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOCK8 deficiency patient presenting with purpura fulminans caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus sepsis","authors":"Abduarahman Almutairi ,&nbsp;Nouf Althubaiti ,&nbsp;Khaled Abuneim ,&nbsp;Ghaziaa Alanezi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alamer ,&nbsp;Imad A El Hag ,&nbsp;Fayhan J Alroqi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alrasheed ,&nbsp;Waleed Al Maneea","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a male infant presenting with Purpura fulminans (PF) secondary to sepsis caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) associated with hyper-IgE syndrome due to deletion mutation in <em>DOCK8</em>. The patient, previously healthy, presented with clinical symptoms of fever, lethargy, hypotension with blood culture confirming GAS infection. Subsequently, he developed purpuric skin lesions on his extremities which progressed to gangrene necessitating amputation of his fingers and toes. The findings underscore the importance of considering inborn error of immunity, especially DOCK8 deficiency, in cases of infant presenting with acute infectious PF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of CD38brightHLA-DR+ T cells using a rapid flow cytometry-based assay to aid in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and immune regulatory disorders in adult subjects","authors":"Aaruni Khanolkar,&nbsp;Erin Weyers,&nbsp;Ramakrishna Sompallae,&nbsp;Matthew D. Krasowski","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients suspected of suffering from hyperinflammatory conditions such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a critical aspect of timely management for such disorders. Soluble IL-2Rα (sIL-2Rα) and plasma ferritin constitute the mainstay of frontline laboratory investigations performed to establish a clinical diagnosis for these patients. However, there is a paucity of clinical laboratories that perform the sIL-2Rα measurement as a <em>stat</em> test which can delay the diagnosis and management of these patients. Consequently, rapid flow cytometry-based tests that measure T cell activation are currently being evaluated. Previous studies have examined the utility of flow-cytometry based testing in pediatric subjects with HLH and immune dysregulation disorders. In this report, we assessed the utility of our flow-cytometry based test in adult patients suspected of HLH and discuss its performance in relation to what has been reported previously in the literature for pediatric patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and significance of anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide antibodies in relapsing polychondritis","authors":"Damien Sène ,&nbsp;Sophie Hue ,&nbsp;Pascale Ghillani-Dalbin ,&nbsp;Sophie Caillat-Zucman ,&nbsp;Jean-Charles Piette","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 79-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}