Clinical Immunology Communications最新文献

{"title":"The role of the T helper 17 and T regulatory cell ratio in the gut-thyroid axis","authors":"Julia Williams,&nbsp;Anna Gruvstad Melén,&nbsp;Michelle Barrow","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alterations to the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites have been associated with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) via modulation of T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. However, in comparison to other autoimmune diseases there is a shortfall in research investigating pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this review was to evaluate mechanisms linking the GM to the immune modulation of Th17 and Tregs in the context of HT.</div><div>A systematic literature search was undertaken in two tranches: 1) review papers; 2) primary human, animal and <em>in vitro</em> evidence. 80 papers met the inclusion criteria. Primary papers were critically appraised using SIGN50 and ARRIVE guidelines. Narrative analysis of the key mechanistic themes from primary studies was conducted and a network diagram was developed.</div><div>Th17 has a pathogenic phenotype but the context by which this conversion occurs is less well understood. Results suggested microbiota induced production of interleukin-6, interleukin-23 and serum amyloid A proteins play a role. However, downregulation of Tregs could be a prerequisite given their role in T effector cell suppression. Short-chain fatty acids may promote Treg activity; therefore, reduced levels could create a pathogenic environment. Translocation of lipopolysaccharides was indicated as a potential inducer of Th17. Evidence to support the migration of T cells primed in the intestines to other tissues also provided plausibility for mechanisms involving the gut-thyroid axis.</div><div>The findings suggest that the GM and its metabolites have immunomodulatory effects on the Th17/Treg ratio. However, research is lacking in HT patients and experimental thyroiditis animal models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 10-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOCK8 deficiency patient presenting with purpura fulminans caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus sepsis","authors":"Abduarahman Almutairi ,&nbsp;Nouf Althubaiti ,&nbsp;Khaled Abuneim ,&nbsp;Ghaziaa Alanezi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alamer ,&nbsp;Imad A El Hag ,&nbsp;Fayhan J Alroqi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alrasheed ,&nbsp;Waleed Al Maneea","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a male infant presenting with Purpura fulminans (PF) secondary to sepsis caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) associated with hyper-IgE syndrome due to deletion mutation in <em>DOCK8</em>. The patient, previously healthy, presented with clinical symptoms of fever, lethargy, hypotension with blood culture confirming GAS infection. Subsequently, he developed purpuric skin lesions on his extremities which progressed to gangrene necessitating amputation of his fingers and toes. The findings underscore the importance of considering inborn error of immunity, especially DOCK8 deficiency, in cases of infant presenting with acute infectious PF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional thermostable postbiotic derivatives from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH9 and their bactericidal efficacy","authors":"Irfanulla Sharieff ,&nbsp;Mohammed Swaleh ,&nbsp;Puneeth SD ,&nbsp;M. N Nagendra Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when taken in sufficient quantities, promote health and well-being in the host. In numerous industries, including the food and pharmaceutical sectors, lactic acid bacteria are used to make probiotic and dietary supplements. Probiotics have gained popularity for their ability to fight pathogens, boost immunity, balance gut microbiota, and support bowel health. <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> LRH9, used in the study is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic rod, genetically characterized and documented for its robustness under stress conditions. The strain is homofermentative, producing lactic acid as its primary metabolite, and exhibits strong tolerance to acidic and bile environments. The strain was selected for its robust antibacterial activity of the postbiotic production and stable bioactivity. Environmental factors such as pH and temperature influenced efficacy, with enhanced activity under acidic conditions and sustained antimicrobial effects even at temperatures above 100 °C, indicating high thermal stability. GC-MS analysis revealed several metabolites, including N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexanedioic acid dioctyl ester, and oxetane derivatives—reported for the first time from this strain. Known compounds such as 5-aminovaleric acid, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and diisooctyl phthalate were also identified. These metabolites are believed to contribute to the observed antibacterial properties. The findings highlight the potential of <em>L. rhamnosus</em> LRH9-derived antibacterial activity of the postbiotics for applications requiring heat-resistant, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, supporting their future use in food preservation pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to TRAF3IP2 mutation in three Saudi patients – A case series and literature review","authors":"Abduarahman Almutairi ,&nbsp;Amal Alzaby ,&nbsp;Mohammed Albayedh ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman N. AlJaber ,&nbsp;Muteb Altowairqi","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ACT1 deficiency is extremely rare inborn error of immunity with only eleven cases reported in the literature. We reported a case series of three Saudi patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) due to mutations in TRAF3IP2, a gene encoding the adaptor ACT1. Two of them were siblings who presented with recurrent oral thrush, hair folliculitis, and short stature, and were found to have a frameshift TRAF3IP2 mutation. The other patient had recurrent oral thrush complicated with candida esophagitis. He also demonstrated characteristics indicative of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He harbored a nonsense TRAF3IP2 mutation. Short stature and ADHD are clinical manifestations not previously linked to ACT1 deficiency, suggesting the potential for more broader systemic involvement. In this manuscript, we delineate additional cases that expand the clinical and genetic landscape of TRAF3IP2-associated disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal mushroom-derived compounds for managing neuro-gastrointestinal and physical symptoms in cancer patients: Mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future directions","authors":"Jainu Ajit ,&nbsp;Rebeka Ambrožič","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer patients experience a significant symptom burden that affects their quality of life. These include gastrointestinal, neurological, and physical side effects, which worsen fatigue and quality of life during conventional treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Consequently, there is increasing interest in integrative approaches to complement standard treatments. Among these, medicinal mushrooms are gaining popularity because of their immunomodulatory properties and potential to alleviate common cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. We thoroughly review existing reports on the benefits of medicinal mushrooms in cancer care and discuss how future clinical trials can apply more rigorous methods to quantitatively assess their advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural and hybrid immunity: A comparative study of T cell response against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Arthur Gomes de Andrade ,&nbsp;Fernando Cézar Comberlang ,&nbsp;Rephany Fonseca Peixoto ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira ,&nbsp;Francisco Sandro Aureliano ,&nbsp;Bárbara Guimarães Csordas ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva ,&nbsp;Tatjana S.L. Keesen","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination remains prudent as a form of combined protection. This strategy fosters the development of a hybrid immune response in individuals, surpassing the protective efficacy of natural infection or just vaccination. However, many questions remain unsolved, and more studies are needed to understand this type of immunity. Considering this, this study aimed to compare the T-cell immune profile of unvaccinated and vaccinated patients who had previously recovered from mild COVID-19. In a quiescent state characterized, CD8⁺ <em>T</em> cells derived from individuals who had experienced mild COVID-19 and remained unvaccinated exhibited elevated expression of CD69 and IFN-γ compared to the group that received the vaccination. Conversely, within the CD4⁺ <em>T</em> cell population, greater levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CD107a, and perforin are observed in the unvaccinated group compared to those vaccinated. Furthermore, a distinct functional profile emerges in T cells obtained from COVID-19-vaccinated patients who experienced mild COVID-19. Upon exposure to spike antigens, CD4⁺ <em>T</em> cells demonstrate heightened activity and functionality. This is evidenced by the augmented expression of CD137, CD69, and IL-10 compared to similarly affected yet unvaccinated patients. Moreover, the CD8⁺ <em>T</em> cell subset within the vaccinated cohort displays heightened levels of perforin, TNF-α, and IL-10 when juxtaposed with the unvaccinated group. These findings collectively imply the ability of unvaccinated individuals to develop an effector-oriented profile in their immune responses. Conversely, individuals who have encountered mild COVID-19 and subsequently received vaccination can orchestrate a proficient antiviral immune response, coupled with a major immunoregulatory capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 38-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immunological nexus between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: A molecular perspective","authors":"Betty Rachma ,&nbsp;Rio Putra Pamungkas ,&nbsp;Debi Yulia Sandra ,&nbsp;Henry Sutanto ,&nbsp;Deasy Fetarayani","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are intimately linked through complex immunological mechanisms that drive chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Persistent immune activation in IBD fosters a microenvironment conducive to malignant transformation, yet the precise molecular pathways underpinning this relationship remain an area of active investigation. Dysregulated interactions between innate and adaptive immune responses, aberrant cytokine signaling, and immune-modulating microbial factors contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. Advances in molecular immunology have revealed critical checkpoints and signaling cascades that may serve as therapeutic targets, offering new strategies for intervention. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the immunological landscape bridging these two conditions, emphasizing translational implications and future research directions. By delineating key molecular pathways and immune dynamics, this work aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the interplay between chronic inflammation and colorectal tumorigenesis, fostering a deeper understanding of potential diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 138-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome presenting with early-onset Psoriasis and Osteomyelitis: A case report","authors":"Aisha Mirza ,&nbsp;Batoul Basalom ,&nbsp;Mohammed H Almatrafi ,&nbsp;Ameera Bukhari ,&nbsp;Amer Khojah","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the Cathepsin C (CTSC) gene, characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, severe periodontitis, and recurrent infections. We present the case of an 8-year-old boy with early-onset psoriasis diagnosed in infancy and managed with Adalimumab. He presented with progressive right knee swelling, and intermittent fever. MRI revealed a Brodie abscess with features of osteomyelitis. Abscess fluid culture was positive for methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant in the CTSC gene (c.899G&gt;<em>A</em>; p.Gly300Asp), confirming the diagnosis of PLS. Interestingly, his dental panoramic x-ray was normal. This case underscores the importance of genetic testing in patients with early-onset psoriasis and atypical infections. Although almost all reported cases of PLS feature early, severe periodontitis, our patient did not show dental involvement. This highlights that younger patients with PLS may present without this classical feature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of CD38brightHLA-DR+ T cells using a rapid flow cytometry-based assay to aid in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and immune regulatory disorders in adult subjects","authors":"Aaruni Khanolkar,&nbsp;Erin Weyers,&nbsp;Ramakrishna Sompallae,&nbsp;Matthew D. Krasowski","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients suspected of suffering from hyperinflammatory conditions such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a critical aspect of timely management for such disorders. Soluble IL-2Rα (sIL-2Rα) and plasma ferritin constitute the mainstay of frontline laboratory investigations performed to establish a clinical diagnosis for these patients. However, there is a paucity of clinical laboratories that perform the sIL-2Rα measurement as a <em>stat</em> test which can delay the diagnosis and management of these patients. Consequently, rapid flow cytometry-based tests that measure T cell activation are currently being evaluated. Previous studies have examined the utility of flow-cytometry based testing in pediatric subjects with HLH and immune dysregulation disorders. In this report, we assessed the utility of our flow-cytometry based test in adult patients suspected of HLH and discuss its performance in relation to what has been reported previously in the literature for pediatric patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprogramming immunity: Emerging therapeutic frontiers and clinical trial advances of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases","authors":"Arpita Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in immune tolerance, leading to chronic activation of autoreactive lymphocytes. Conventional therapies offer symptomatic relief but rarely achieve durable remission. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, originally developed for hematologic malignancies, is now being repurposed to selectively deplete pathogenic immune subsets in autoimmunity. This review explores how CAR-T cells may not only eliminate autoreactive B and T cells but also reprogram immune homeostasis toward long-term tolerance. Recent clinical success with CD19-directed CAR-T cells in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus underscores this paradigm shift. Furthermore, next-generation constructs including dual CARs, inhibitory CARs (iCARs), and CAR-Tregs offer innovative strategies to balance cytotoxicity with regulatory control. Key challenges such as antigen escape, off-target effects, and therapeutic accessibility are critically analyzed within current translational and clinical landscapes. This work advocates for a mechanistically guided redefinition of autoimmune therapy through precision-engineered immune reprogramming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}