Clinical Immunology Communications最新文献

{"title":"Perioperative hypersensitivity to cisatracurium: successful management with a rapid desensitization protocol","authors":"Mirco Filieri ,&nbsp;Mattia Cristallo ,&nbsp;Marilena Zazzera ,&nbsp;Federico Spataro ,&nbsp;Roberto Ria ,&nbsp;Attilio Di Girolamo","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2026.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2026.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) remain diagnostically and therapeutically challenging. We report a 21-year-old woman who developed severe perioperative hypersensitivity during general anaesthesia, with intradermal testing identifying cisatracurium as the most likely culprit agent. Because no unequivocally safe alternative NMBA could be identified, a simplified 3-bag, 5-step desensitization protocol was successfully performed under continuous monitoring. The procedure and subsequent anaesthesia were completed without adverse reactions. This report highlights the diagnostic limitations of perioperative NMBA hypersensitivity and suggests that a simplified desensitization protocol may be a pragmatic risk-reduction strategy for selected high-risk patients requiring urgent anaesthesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 172-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological interventions in bacterial infections: From mechanisms to clinical applications","authors":"Sithi Sarkar,&nbsp;Sailee Chowdhury,&nbsp;Koyel Kar,&nbsp;Priyanka Chakraborty,&nbsp;Anirban Das","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a major challenge to infection management, as some bacteria survive even antibiotic therapy by evading immune responses. With decreasing treatment options due to increased antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for alternative or adjunctive therapies. Immunotherapy, widely used in cancer treatment for its ability to overcome immunosuppression, is emerging as a promising approach for bacterial infections, including persistent and drug-resistant diseases like tuberculosis. Strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibition, cytokine modulation, and cellular therapies are demonstrating potential in preclinical studies. These approaches aim to restore or enhance host immunity against bacterial pathogens. Given the growing threat of resistance, advancing immunotherapy into clinical use requires rigorous trials to validate safety and efficacy. This review discusses the therapeutic promise of immunotherapies against bacterial infections, highlights recent advancements, and outlines current and future directions in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 124-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunologic profiles and infection patterns in patients with down syndrome: A retrospective review","authors":"Travis Satnarine ,&nbsp;Valishti Pundit ,&nbsp;Alana Xavier de Almeida ,&nbsp;Matthew Wyke ,&nbsp;Gary Kleiner ,&nbsp;Melissa Gans","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are known to have increased susceptibility to infections, yet the extent of underlying immune dysfunction remains under-characterized. This retrospective study evaluates immune abnormalities in individuals with DS referred for immunologic assessment. A review of electronic records (2010–2023) identified 17 unique patients (mean age 7.4 years). Recurrent infections included otitis media (29 %), viral URIs (24 %), and bacterial LRIs (24 %), though infection types were often poorly documented. Lab abnormalities were frequent: 15/17 (88 %) had ≥1; 9/17 (53 %) had absolute lymphopenia, and among those tested, 6/10 (60 %) had T-, B-, and/or NK-cell lymphopenia. Low immunoglobulins were seen in 7/14 (50 %). Pneumococcal titers were non‑protective in 9/12 (75 %) after the primary series, with only 50 % protective post‑booster. Interventions included additional pneumococcal vaccines (8/12, 67 %) and immunoglobulin therapy (1/17, 6 %). Findings underscore the high rate of immune abnormalities in individuals with DS and support routine immunologic evaluation and tailored interventions. Though referral bias may overestimate prevalence, results highlight the need for proactive immune monitoring in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the heavy/light chain immunoglobulin biomarker for early relapse detection in multiple myeloma: A comparative study with conventional methods","authors":"Carla Azevedo ,&nbsp;Ana Catarina Fonseca ,&nbsp;João Pedro Barreto ,&nbsp;Ana Marta Pires ,&nbsp;Carina Faria ,&nbsp;Andreia Pinto ,&nbsp;Maria Emília Sousa ,&nbsp;Carlos Palmeira ,&nbsp;Cristina Prudêncio ,&nbsp;Bruno Fernandes ,&nbsp;Gabriela Martins ,&nbsp;Ricardo Ferraz","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of the immunoglobulin heavy/light chain biomarker in the early detection of biochemical relapse in patients with multiple myeloma under treatment. The immunoglobulin heavy/light chain is a test that measures the heavy chain/light chain pair of each immunoglobulin isotype, allowing for the calculation of the immunoglobulin ratios of IgGκ/IgGλ, IgAκ/IgAλ and IgMκ/IgMλ, which can be used as surrogate markers of monoclonal proliferation processes.</div></div><div><h3>Design &amp; Methods</h3><div>For the study, 80 samples were selected from 40 patients with multiple myeloma, who showed evidence of biochemical relapse in the past 5 years, corresponding to two samples per patient. Heavy/light chain pairs of the monoclonal isotype were determined in the sample that showed biochemical relapse and in the previous follow-up sample. Results were compared with those from serum immunofixation, serum protein electrophoresis, and free light chains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within the samples before biochemical relapse, which had negative serum electrophoresis and immunofixation, 18 % had an abnormal heavy/light chain ratio, 33 % had an abnormal free light chain ratio, and 40 % had at least one of these ratios altered. At the moment of biochemical relapse, i.e., samples with positive immunofixation, 43 % had positive serum protein electrophoresis, 43 % had an abnormal heavy/light chain ratio, 58 % had an abnormal free light chain ratio, and 68 % had at least one abnormal ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The assessment of heavy/light chains and free light chains may have a beneficial impact on the early detection of biochemical relapse in patients with multiple myeloma, particularly in IgA-type MM, potentially eliminating the need for serum electrophoresis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the T helper 17 and T regulatory cell ratio in the gut-thyroid axis","authors":"Julia Williams,&nbsp;Anna Gruvstad Melén,&nbsp;Michelle Barrow","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alterations to the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites have been associated with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) via modulation of T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. However, in comparison to other autoimmune diseases there is a shortfall in research investigating pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this review was to evaluate mechanisms linking the GM to the immune modulation of Th17 and Tregs in the context of HT.</div><div>A systematic literature search was undertaken in two tranches: 1) review papers; 2) primary human, animal and <em>in vitro</em> evidence. 80 papers met the inclusion criteria. Primary papers were critically appraised using SIGN50 and ARRIVE guidelines. Narrative analysis of the key mechanistic themes from primary studies was conducted and a network diagram was developed.</div><div>Th17 has a pathogenic phenotype but the context by which this conversion occurs is less well understood. Results suggested microbiota induced production of interleukin-6, interleukin-23 and serum amyloid A proteins play a role. However, downregulation of Tregs could be a prerequisite given their role in T effector cell suppression. Short-chain fatty acids may promote Treg activity; therefore, reduced levels could create a pathogenic environment. Translocation of lipopolysaccharides was indicated as a potential inducer of Th17. Evidence to support the migration of T cells primed in the intestines to other tissues also provided plausibility for mechanisms involving the gut-thyroid axis.</div><div>The findings suggest that the GM and its metabolites have immunomodulatory effects on the Th17/Treg ratio. However, research is lacking in HT patients and experimental thyroiditis animal models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 10-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOCK8 deficiency patient presenting with purpura fulminans caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus sepsis","authors":"Abduarahman Almutairi ,&nbsp;Nouf Althubaiti ,&nbsp;Khaled Abuneim ,&nbsp;Ghaziaa Alanezi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alamer ,&nbsp;Imad A El Hag ,&nbsp;Fayhan J Alroqi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alrasheed ,&nbsp;Waleed Al Maneea","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a male infant presenting with Purpura fulminans (PF) secondary to sepsis caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) associated with hyper-IgE syndrome due to deletion mutation in <em>DOCK8</em>. The patient, previously healthy, presented with clinical symptoms of fever, lethargy, hypotension with blood culture confirming GAS infection. Subsequently, he developed purpuric skin lesions on his extremities which progressed to gangrene necessitating amputation of his fingers and toes. The findings underscore the importance of considering inborn error of immunity, especially DOCK8 deficiency, in cases of infant presenting with acute infectious PF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional thermostable postbiotic derivatives from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH9 and their bactericidal efficacy","authors":"Irfanulla Sharieff ,&nbsp;Mohammed Swaleh ,&nbsp;Puneeth SD ,&nbsp;M. N Nagendra Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when taken in sufficient quantities, promote health and well-being in the host. In numerous industries, including the food and pharmaceutical sectors, lactic acid bacteria are used to make probiotic and dietary supplements. Probiotics have gained popularity for their ability to fight pathogens, boost immunity, balance gut microbiota, and support bowel health. <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> LRH9, used in the study is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic rod, genetically characterized and documented for its robustness under stress conditions. The strain is homofermentative, producing lactic acid as its primary metabolite, and exhibits strong tolerance to acidic and bile environments. The strain was selected for its robust antibacterial activity of the postbiotic production and stable bioactivity. Environmental factors such as pH and temperature influenced efficacy, with enhanced activity under acidic conditions and sustained antimicrobial effects even at temperatures above 100 °C, indicating high thermal stability. GC-MS analysis revealed several metabolites, including N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexanedioic acid dioctyl ester, and oxetane derivatives—reported for the first time from this strain. Known compounds such as 5-aminovaleric acid, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and diisooctyl phthalate were also identified. These metabolites are believed to contribute to the observed antibacterial properties. The findings highlight the potential of <em>L. rhamnosus</em> LRH9-derived antibacterial activity of the postbiotics for applications requiring heat-resistant, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, supporting their future use in food preservation pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to TRAF3IP2 mutation in three Saudi patients – A case series and literature review","authors":"Abduarahman Almutairi ,&nbsp;Amal Alzaby ,&nbsp;Mohammed Albayedh ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman N. AlJaber ,&nbsp;Muteb Altowairqi","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ACT1 deficiency is extremely rare inborn error of immunity with only eleven cases reported in the literature. We reported a case series of three Saudi patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) due to mutations in TRAF3IP2, a gene encoding the adaptor ACT1. Two of them were siblings who presented with recurrent oral thrush, hair folliculitis, and short stature, and were found to have a frameshift TRAF3IP2 mutation. The other patient had recurrent oral thrush complicated with candida esophagitis. He also demonstrated characteristics indicative of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He harbored a nonsense TRAF3IP2 mutation. Short stature and ADHD are clinical manifestations not previously linked to ACT1 deficiency, suggesting the potential for more broader systemic involvement. In this manuscript, we delineate additional cases that expand the clinical and genetic landscape of TRAF3IP2-associated disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal mushroom-derived compounds for managing neuro-gastrointestinal and physical symptoms in cancer patients: Mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future directions","authors":"Jainu Ajit ,&nbsp;Rebeka Ambrožič","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer patients experience a significant symptom burden that affects their quality of life. These include gastrointestinal, neurological, and physical side effects, which worsen fatigue and quality of life during conventional treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Consequently, there is increasing interest in integrative approaches to complement standard treatments. Among these, medicinal mushrooms are gaining popularity because of their immunomodulatory properties and potential to alleviate common cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. We thoroughly review existing reports on the benefits of medicinal mushrooms in cancer care and discuss how future clinical trials can apply more rigorous methods to quantitatively assess their advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural and hybrid immunity: A comparative study of T cell response against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Arthur Gomes de Andrade ,&nbsp;Fernando Cézar Comberlang ,&nbsp;Rephany Fonseca Peixoto ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira ,&nbsp;Francisco Sandro Aureliano ,&nbsp;Bárbara Guimarães Csordas ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva ,&nbsp;Tatjana S.L. Keesen","doi":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clicom.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination remains prudent as a form of combined protection. This strategy fosters the development of a hybrid immune response in individuals, surpassing the protective efficacy of natural infection or just vaccination. However, many questions remain unsolved, and more studies are needed to understand this type of immunity. Considering this, this study aimed to compare the T-cell immune profile of unvaccinated and vaccinated patients who had previously recovered from mild COVID-19. In a quiescent state characterized, CD8⁺ <em>T</em> cells derived from individuals who had experienced mild COVID-19 and remained unvaccinated exhibited elevated expression of CD69 and IFN-γ compared to the group that received the vaccination. Conversely, within the CD4⁺ <em>T</em> cell population, greater levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CD107a, and perforin are observed in the unvaccinated group compared to those vaccinated. Furthermore, a distinct functional profile emerges in T cells obtained from COVID-19-vaccinated patients who experienced mild COVID-19. Upon exposure to spike antigens, CD4⁺ <em>T</em> cells demonstrate heightened activity and functionality. This is evidenced by the augmented expression of CD137, CD69, and IL-10 compared to similarly affected yet unvaccinated patients. Moreover, the CD8⁺ <em>T</em> cell subset within the vaccinated cohort displays heightened levels of perforin, TNF-α, and IL-10 when juxtaposed with the unvaccinated group. These findings collectively imply the ability of unvaccinated individuals to develop an effector-oriented profile in their immune responses. Conversely, individuals who have encountered mild COVID-19 and subsequently received vaccination can orchestrate a proficient antiviral immune response, coupled with a major immunoregulatory capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100269,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology Communications","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 38-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}