Climate Change Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Pandemics, conservation, and human-nature relations","authors":"M. Fernanda Gebara , Peter H. May , Gunars Platais","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000290/pdfft?md5=0a04d96b25d8f046ee8562c260772ee4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666900521000290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86914561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Atlantic Sargassum invasion impedes beach access for nesting sea turtles","authors":"Andrew S. Maurer ,&nbsp;Seth P. Stapleton ,&nbsp;Craig A. Layman ,&nbsp;Martha O. Burford Reiskind","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One characteristic of global change is an increase in the frequency and magnitude of algae blooms. Although a large body of work has documented severe ecological impacts, such as mortality due to toxins or hypoxia, less research has described sublethal effects that may still affect population dynamics. Here, we focus on blooming <em>Sargassum</em> macroalgae in the North Atlantic and describe effects on nesting sea turtles. Since 2011, large masses of the algae have been inundating Atlantic nesting habitats. We documented the accumulation of <em>Sargassum</em> at Long Island, Antigua, and quantified effects on a rookery of hawksbill sea turtles (<em>Eretmochelys imbricata</em>). Using monitoring data from 2010 to 2019, we analyzed population- and individual-level patterns in nesting. Our results suggest that sea turtles respond to <em>Sargassum</em> at nesting beaches by shifting space use away from heavily impacted areas. We also tested for an effect on nesting success, but found no change in the years and areas most impacted by <em>Sargassum</em>. The algae may not increase the energetic costs of nesting after a turtle has emerged onto the beach, but we speculate that costs are imposed in algae-filled waters as turtles initially seek to emerge. As the <em>Sargassum</em> “invasion” continues, sea turtles at impacted sites will need to exhibit plasticity when choosing nesting sites, and nest densities may increase in areas with less <em>Sargassum</em> present. Individuals may also be required to expend more energy per nesting season. More broadly, this work demonstrates that algae blooms can have sublethal effects on fauna that affect population dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000344/pdfft?md5=318ec2d8fa77d94cb56e807b609cf68d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666900521000344-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82320909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing consistency of modelled predictions of the impact of climate change on bats","authors":"Natasha E. McGowan ,&nbsp;Niamh Roche ,&nbsp;Tina Aughney ,&nbsp;Jason Flanagan ,&nbsp;Paul Nolan ,&nbsp;Ferdia Marnell ,&nbsp;Neil Reid","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are a cornerstone of climate change conservation research but temporal extrapolations into future climate scenarios cannot be verified until later this century. One way of assessing the robustness of projections is to compare their consistency between different modelling approaches, placing more confidence on consistent rather than inconsistent predictions, especially if they are consistent with recent population trajectories. We compared predicted climate change impacts on nine bat species throughout their European ranges (using SDMs) and their activity (using GLMMs) within Ireland as a focal study region. Five species (<em>N. leisleri, P. nathusii, P. pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus</em> and <em>P. auritus</em>) were predicted to have stable ranges throughout the 21^st century with projected increases in activity consistent with recently observed population increases. <em>M. daubentonii</em> and <em>R. hipposideros</em> are also likely to have stable European ranges throughout the 21^st century but models predicted a negative impact of climate change on activity in Ireland, contrasting with a stable population trend in <em>M. daubentonii</em> and an increasing trend in <em>R. hipposideros</em> over recent decades. <em>M. nattereri</em> was predicted to maintain its range extent while <em>M. mystacinus</em> was predicted to undergo range contraction by the end of the 21st century under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario. We propose there is utility in comparing predicted trajectories from climate change impact models using different parameters (e.g. range versus activity). Our predictions should inform government and conservation organisations when creating future climate change conservation policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111223880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warming increases activity in the common tropical frog Eleutherodactylus coqui","authors":"T.J. Hawley Matlaga ,&nbsp;P.A. Burrowes ,&nbsp;R. Hernández-Pacheco ,&nbsp;J. Pena ,&nbsp;C. Sutherland ,&nbsp;T.E. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tropical ecosystems are expected to experience climate warming, with predicted increases in drying and heat extremes in the coming years. Understanding how these changes will affect terrestrial vertebrates such as amphibians is limited. The Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico allows us to study how the tropical forest responds to warming within a replicated plot design. From September 2018 to August 2019, we used mark-recapture sampling to investigate how the spatial population ecology of the common coqui frog (<em>Eleutherodactylus coqui</em>) is impacted by experimentally increasing surface temperatures by 4 °C above ambient. We compared estimates of baseline detection, space use, and the density of frogs in control and warmed plots. Coqui space use and population density did not differ between control and warmed plots. However, coqui detection probabilities were higher in warmed plots, suggesting an increased level of activity relative to individuals in the control (unwarmed) plots. Frog detection increased in all plots with increased precipitation. Our results suggest that, at least in the short-term, the density of an ecological generalist frog like <em>E. coqui</em> does not change as a response to increased surface temperatures. However, short-term responses to warming such as changes in behavior may lead to changes in population dynamics in the long-term. Our research highlights the need to consider mutiple repsonses in order to understand the effects of climate warming on tropical vertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000411/pdfft?md5=e607267fbbe836e06f654099691e82d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666900521000411-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and trends of organic matter processing and transport: Insights from the US long-term ecological research network","authors":"Tamara K. Harms ,&nbsp;Peter M. Groffman ,&nbsp;Lihini Aluwihare ,&nbsp;Christopher Craft ,&nbsp;William R Wieder ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Hobbie ,&nbsp;Sara G. Baer ,&nbsp;John M. Blair ,&nbsp;Serita Frey ,&nbsp;Christina K. Remucal ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Rudgers ,&nbsp;Scott L. Collins ,&nbsp;John S. Kominoski ,&nbsp;Becky A. Ball ,&nbsp;LTER OM Working Group","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic matter (OM) dynamics determine how much carbon is stored in ecosystems, a service that modulates climate. We synthesized research from across the US Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network to assemble a conceptual model of OM dynamics that is consistent with inter-disciplinary perspectives and emphasizes vulnerability of OM pools to disturbance. Guided by this conceptual model, we identified unanticipated patterns and long-term trends in processing and transport of OM emerging from terrestrial, freshwater, wetland, and marine ecosystems. Cross-ecosystem synthesis combined with a survey of researchers revealed several themes: 1) strong effects of climate change on OM dynamics, 2) surprising patterns in OM storage and dynamics resulting from coupling with nutrients, 3) characteristic and often complex legacies of land use and disturbance, 4) a significant role of OM transport that is often overlooked in terrestrial ecosystems, and 5) prospects for reducing uncertainty in forecasting OM dynamics by incorporating the chemical composition of OM. Cross-fertilization of perspectives and approaches across LTER sites and other research networks can stimulate the comprehensive understanding required to support large-scale characterizations of OM budgets and the role of ecosystems in regulating global climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78025107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change can disrupt ecological interactions in mysterious ways: Using ecological generalists to forecast community-wide effects","authors":"Francisco E. Fontúrbel ,&nbsp;Roberto F. Nespolo ,&nbsp;Guillermo C. Amico ,&nbsp;David M. Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ecological interactions are the backbone of biodiversity. Like individual species, interactions are threatened by drivers of biodiversity loss, among which climate change operates at a broader scale and can exacerbate the effects of land-use change, overharvesting, and invasive species. As temperature increases, we expect that some species may alter their distribution towards more amenable conditions. However, a warmer and drier climate may impose local effects on plants and animals, disrupting their interactions before noticeable changes in distribution are observed. We used a mutualistic trio from the temperate forests of South America to theoretically illustrate how climate change can disrupt ecological interactions, based on our current knowledge on this system. This study system comprises three generalist species with intersecting roles: a keystone mistletoe, a pollinator hummingbird, and a frugivorous marsupial that disperses the seeds of many species. On the one hand, drought causes water stress, increasing mortality of both mistletoe and host plants, and reducing the production of flowers and fruits. These resource shortages negatively impact animal's foraging opportunities, depleting energy reserves and compromising reproduction and survival. Finally, warmer temperatures disrupt hibernation cycles in the seed-dispersing marsupial. The combined result of these intersecting stressors depresses interaction rates and may trigger an extinction vortex if fail to adapt, with deep community-wide implications. Through negatively affecting generalist mutualists which provide resilience and stability to interaction networks, local-scale climate impacts may precipitate community-wide extinction cascades. We urge future studies to assess climate change effects on interaction networks rather than on singular species or pairwise partnerships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000447/pdfft?md5=ae2972b132324107665c30bee690aa2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666900521000447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85262052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual rainfall variation and dispersal limitation combine to alter invaded plant community diversity, dominance hierarchies and seeding phenology","authors":"Maia Raymundo ,&nbsp;Abigail Pastore ,&nbsp;Janneke HilleRisLambers ,&nbsp;Margaret M. Mayfield","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural ecosystems are threatened by climate change, fragmentation, and non-native species. Dispersal-limitation potentially compounds impacts of these factors on plant diversity, especially in isolated vegetation patches. Changes in climate can impact the phenology of native species in distinct ways from non-natives, potentially resulting in cascading impacts on native communities. Few empirical studies have examined the combined effects of climate change and dispersal limitation on community diversity or phenology. Using a five-year dispersal-restriction experiment in an invaded semi-arid annual plant system in Western Australia, we investigated the interactive effects of dispersal-restriction and inter-annual rainfall variation on community composition, species dominance and seed production timing. We found inter-annual rainfall variation to be the principal driver of community dynamics. Drought years had long-term, stable effects on community composition, with evidence of shifts from native toward non-native dominance. Surprisingly, community composition remained largely unchanged under dispersal restriction. A subtle ‘dispersal rescue’ effect was evident for a dominant native annual forb and a dominant annual non-native grass but only in average rainfall years. The timing of seed production was primarily driven by annual rainfall with native and non-native grasses having opposite responses. There was no evidence that inter-annual variation in seeding timing affected community diversity over time. Our study demonstrates that dispersal is not a major factor in driving community diversity in this invaded, semi-arid system. Results do suggest, however, that increases in drought frequency likely benefit non-native species over natives in the long term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85461055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age- and sex-specific strategies of spring migration in the masked shrike are reflected in a differential response to winter climate conditions","authors":"Irith Aloni ,&nbsp;Yaron Ziv ,&nbsp;Shai Markman","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adult males of many migratory species arrive at breeding grounds before females and young. In a 34-year study of the masked shrike, <em>Lanius nubicus</em>, an age- and sex-specific pattern of spring arrival was distinguished. Adult males arrived first followed by juvenile males and adult females, whereas juvenile females appeared last. We hypothesized that these differences in migratory strategies would be reflected in a differential response to climate conditions at the wintering grounds. Testing correlations between spring arrival time and winter climate conditions provided strong support to our hypothesis. Adult males’ arrival time exhibited high associations with climate conditions in early spring, upon migratory take-off, whereas juvenile males responded mostly to conditions in November, upon autumn arrival in Africa. Adult females responded to both parameters in autumn and early spring, whereas young females’ arrival correlated only with a few variables in autumn. GLM models of median spring arrival day for all categories but the young females were highly statistically significant with adjusted R-squared values of 0.81–0.93. The emerging pattern of different associations between timing of spring migration and climate conditions at the wintering grounds sheds new light on existing evolutionary theories regarding age- and sex-specific migratory strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87495104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When ‘Higher’ means ‘Hungrier’: Climate and population trait differences drive increased insect herbivory with elevation in a perennial subalpine wildflower","authors":"Meera Lee Sethi ,&nbsp;Janneke Hille Ris Lambers","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because short growing seasons severely constrain plant growth and biomass accumulation in high elevation habitats, herbivory can profoundly impact both individual fitness and community dynamics in these settings. All else being equal, climate change is expected to increase the activity of insect herbivores as their metabolic rates rise with temperature. However, montane species may have more complex responses than those in agricultural or lowland ecosystems, since many factors that shape plant-insect interactions, including temperature, shift with elevation. From 2016 to 2018 we conducted field observations of grasshopper herbivory on subalpine lupines in Mt. Rainier National Park and combined these with multiple leaf trait analyses and a set of manipulative feeding trials to explore how insect herbivory varies along a climatic gradient, and whether differences in plant or insect herbivore phenotypes that are influenced by a population's climatic history can explain these patterns. We found a significant increase in herbivory with elevation that was related to both abiotic drivers, particularly snowmelt timing, and population traits, particularly leaf nutrition and grasshopper feeding rates. Our results suggest that some high-elevation plants may already be experiencing ecologically meaningful levels of insect herbivory that could intensify with climate warming. They also highlight the complexity of predicting how species interactions will change with warming in alpine and subalpine ecosystems, where environmental plasticity or local adaptation driven by elevational differences in climate may lend tremendous complexity to ecological dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000307/pdfft?md5=a98f5c727da1fe73bd7a83b047eb205b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666900521000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76352029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sign and magnitude of the effects of thermal extremes on an intertidal kelp depend on environmental and biological context","authors":"Jennifer Jorve Hoos ,&nbsp;Christopher D.G. Harley","doi":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicted shifts in mean and extreme temperatures associated with climate change can have variable impacts on organisms, and the sign and magnitude of these impacts may depend upon local context. For <em>Hedophyllum sessile,</em> a habitat-forming intertidal kelp, the impacts of warming may vary with local density and position in the intertidal zone. To assess the potential context-dependence of warming, we manipulated <em>H. sessile</em> densities across an intertidal gradient and experimentally imposed periodic thermal stress in the field. The recruitment of <em>H. sessile</em> juveniles was unimodally related to shore level, peaking near the center of the species’ vertical distribution and falling off at the upper and lower distributional limits. Experimental warming tended to have mildly positive effects on recruitment lower on the shore regardless of adult density, and in upper zone, high density plots. However, warming had strongly negative effects on recruitment in upper zone, low density plots. Temperature manipulations also had context-specific effects on adult plant growth; seasonal increases in blade number and canopy cover were slightly enhanced by warming in high-density plots but greatly reduced by warming in low-density plots. Finally, experimental heating had context-dependent effects on an understory herbivore, the chiton <em>Katharina tunicata</em>, which increased in abundance following heating in high density plots but decreased in low density plots. Our results demonstrate that extreme temperature events can affect multiple species and multiple life history stages, and that the impacts of such events can depend upon both environmental (e.g. intertidal height) and biological (e.g. adult density) context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100260,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change Ecology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000150/pdfft?md5=4dc02df4e86fa2e6a779ccf73bcde278&pid=1-s2.0-S2666900521000150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"99152333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}