Cleaner Materials最新文献_第2页

Biofabrication of mycelium-fabric biocomposites from textile residues 利用纺织残留物制备菌丝-织物生物复合材料

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100366

Sarath Haridas Kaniyamparambil , Zainuddin Ziyan , Naser AlBlooshi , M-Haidar Ali Dali , Erlantz Lizundia , Srinivas Mettu , Ghanim Mabrook , Mohamed Hamid Salim , Blaise L. Tardy

{"title":"Biofabrication of mycelium-fabric biocomposites from textile residues","authors":"Sarath Haridas Kaniyamparambil , Zainuddin Ziyan , Naser AlBlooshi , M-Haidar Ali Dali , Erlantz Lizundia , Srinivas Mettu , Ghanim Mabrook , Mohamed Hamid Salim , Blaise L. Tardy","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chitinous fibrous network of mycelium has recently been implemented as a sustainable packaging or leather alternative. Other endeavors are currently explored given the environmentally friendly biofabrication process, suitable mechanics, flame resistance, and insulative properties. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the potential of mycelium (<em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>) to form bio-blocks by propagating across cotton, polyester, and mixed shredded textile fabrics (MSTF). Biocomposites showed distinct colonization patterns as a function of inoculation condition and textile type. Cotton-based composites demonstrated good structural integrity, reaching a flexural strength of 82.5 kPa and a toughness of 3298 kJm<sup>−3</sup>. Polyester-based composites exhibited a similar flexural strength of 80.5 kPa but showed nearly half the toughness at 1414 kJ/m<sup>−3</sup>. Flammability tests revealed flame extinction after 30 s in cotton composites, with 40 % of the area burned, whereas polyester composites reduced the combustion rate by 76 %. A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) focusing on environmental impacts shows a <em>cradle-to-gate</em> commercial-scale climate change potential of 0.05 and 4.28 kg-CO<sub>2</sub>-equiv per kilogram of biobrick considering renewable-based and fossil-based energy mix scenarios, respectively. Our findings establish mycelium as an effective binding agent for textiles towards the formation of materials with complex forms benefiting from the inherent attributes of textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review in calcium carbide slag utilization for carbonation: from methods to applications 电石渣用于碳化的研究进展：从方法到应用

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100374

Wenjie Gong , Peiliang Shen , Yanjie Tang , Fazhou Wang

{"title":"A review in calcium carbide slag utilization for carbonation: from methods to applications","authors":"Wenjie Gong , Peiliang Shen , Yanjie Tang , Fazhou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, exceeding 40 billion tonnes annually, drive critical ecological challenges, necessitating effective mitigation strategies like carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization, a promising CCUS pathway, utilizes alkali-rich industrial wastes such as carbide slag (CS) to form stable carbonate minerals, ensuring permanent CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration with minimal leakage risks. CS, primarily composed of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, offers high alkalinity and calcium content, making it an ideal precursor for CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization. Various carbonation methods, including direct, indirect and advanced techniques, could produce construction materials, high-value nano-calcium carbonates and energy storage solutions. Operational parameters such as temperature, concentration, humidity, and additives significantly influence carbonation efficiency and product properties. Direct carbonation yields CaCO<sub>3</sub> suitable for large-scale industrial uses, while indirect and advanced methods enhance product purity and functionality for specialized applications. This integration sequesters CO<sub>2</sub> while producing valuable by-products, thereby enhancing economic viability. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of CS carbonation mechanisms, methods, and applications, emphasizing the interplay between process parameters and product outcomes to optimize sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> management and material innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling fracture evolution of crumb rubber asphalt concrete under long-term vapor exposure: A coupled moisture-mechanical approach 基于水-力耦合方法的橡胶碎石沥青混凝土长期蒸汽暴露断裂演化模拟

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100384

Qi Yang , Minda Ren , Yunhao Wu , Linhua Ma , Qinghao Han , Zian Pei , Ziyi He

{"title":"Modeling fracture evolution of crumb rubber asphalt concrete under long-term vapor exposure: A coupled moisture-mechanical approach","authors":"Qi Yang , Minda Ren , Yunhao Wu , Linhua Ma , Qinghao Han , Zian Pei , Ziyi He","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crumb rubber asphalt mixture, recognized as a cleaner paving material due to its recycling of waste tires and carbon reduction potential, is widely used for its environmental benefits. However, the coupled effects of moisture and fracture significantly undermine the durability of crumb rubber asphalt concrete (CRAC), especially under long-term vapor exposure. Few studies have systematically addressed this coupling, which involves complex interactions between diffusion and cracking processes occurring at varying intensities and rates. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a sequentially coupled framework and develops a Moisture-Mechanical Evolution Model (MMEM) that expresses mechanical properties as a function of moisture content. The model was calibrated using moisture sorption tests (MST) and semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. Results indicate that prolonged vapor exposure accelerates micro-crack formation and widens macro-crack propagation paths under mechanical loading. Furthermore, over 30% reduction in functional performance is predicted for crumb rubber asphalt pavement after three years of service in moist environments. This study not only elucidates the coupled moisture-fracture mechanism in CRAC but also provides a practical modeling approach for assessing durability, thereby supporting the development of more sustainable and cleaner pavement materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications of ionic Liquids: Fate, Prospects, and Perspectives 离子液体的应用：命运、前景与展望

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100379

Ayo Olasupo , David R. Corbin , Mark B. Shiflett

{"title":"Applications of ionic Liquids: Fate, Prospects, and Perspectives","authors":"Ayo Olasupo , David R. Corbin , Mark B. Shiflett","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique physicochemical properties and versatility of ionic liquids have earned them names like “green solvents, designer solvents, and solvents for the future”. Ionic liquids have been widely used as alternatives to traditional solvents for different applications. Ionic liquids are organic containing salts with melting points below 100 °C, comprised of tunable cations and anions that have found relevance in industrial applications such as separations, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, catalysis, and analytical chemistry, to name a few. However, despite the ubiquitous applications across various industries, there is a paucity of information about the toxicity, environmental impact, and potential impacts to public health. Hence, in this study, the various applications of ionic liquids at bench-, pilot-, and industrial-scales have been elucidated based on fate in the ecosystem and toxicity to plants, animals, and humans. The literature review has also included a life cycle assessment of ionic liquid processes. Limitations such as cost, synthesis, energy, and environmental impacts associated with using ionic liquids as alternative solvents for industrial applications were also identified; especially, the early generations of ionic liquids. Finally, this study has proposed strategies for synthesizing the next generation of ionic liquids with low toxicity, high biodegradability, low cost, and low environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canaries nest-inspired assembly of organic-inorganic networks for shotcrete: A rapid setting and hardening strategy via biomimetic design 以金丝雀巢为灵感的喷射混凝土有机-无机网络组合：通过仿生设计的快速设置和硬化策略

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100375

Zhenqi Yu , Xin Liu , Hui Xie , Lijing Shao , Yi Zhang , Haochuan Wang , Wei Wang , Jinxiang Hong , Pan Feng

{"title":"Canaries nest-inspired assembly of organic-inorganic networks for shotcrete: A rapid setting and hardening strategy via biomimetic design","authors":"Zhenqi Yu , Xin Liu , Hui Xie , Lijing Shao , Yi Zhang , Haochuan Wang , Wei Wang , Jinxiang Hong , Pan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shotcrete is a critical lining material for tunnel constructions. However, previous studies have struggled to simultaneously achieve excellent workability, rapid-setting, high early-strength and superior toughness. Inspired by nest-building behavior of canaries, this study integrates in-situ polymerization with the alkali-free accelerator (AC) to rapidly construct an organic–inorganic skeleton and optimize early-age performance. The results indicated that in-situ polymerization improved the workability of the mortar within 1 h. Hydration kinetic analysis demonstrated that AC promoted ettringite formation and released heat, triggering monomer polymerization. The polymerization process further enhanced cement hydration, generating a mutual activation effect. This synergy reduced the percolation threshold, significantly shortening the setting time. The accelerated hydration subsequently produced “mud-like” hydration products that filled the pore structure, resulting in a denser matrix. Consequently, the 6 h compressive strength reached 2.7 MPa, representing an 800 % increase compared with the Con, and the flexural strength exhibited remarkable improvements of 400 %, 84 %, and 22 % after 6 h, 1 d and 28 d of hydration, respectively. This study provides a novel strategy for designing high-performance shotcrete and promoting the high-quality development of tunnel constructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High speed carbon dioxide degenerative reaction in Electric/Microwave arc plasma with metal-induced carbon deposition: Onsite carbon capture 电/微波电弧等离子体中高速二氧化碳退化反应与金属诱导碳沉积：现场碳捕获

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100376

Kittikhun Khotmungkhun , Arkorn Chotiyasilp , Nutbongkot Srisukkho , Kittitat Subannajui

{"title":"High speed carbon dioxide degenerative reaction in Electric/Microwave arc plasma with metal-induced carbon deposition: Onsite carbon capture","authors":"Kittikhun Khotmungkhun , Arkorn Chotiyasilp , Nutbongkot Srisukkho , Kittitat Subannajui","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to avoid the complicated process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and embedding it underground, a fast CO<sub>2</sub> capture technique that allows for onsite elimination is required. This study investigates the potential of using electric/microwave arc plasma with metals to enhance CO<sub>2</sub> decomposition, which normally does not occur without ionization. The research explores the rapid interactions between various metals and CO<sub>2</sub> under atmospheric pressure. In the experimental setup, metals such as gold, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, zinc, titanium, and tungsten are exposed to microwaves to induce arc plasma in a controlled chamber. These interactions are analyzed using advanced characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Gas amount and content are monitored via gas chromatography (GC). The results show that microwave arc plasma effectively disintegrates CO<sub>2</sub>, converting it into carbon and carbide. With rapid CO<sub>2</sub> disintegration and metal-induced carbon separation, several metals can be used. While Titanium (Ti) exhibited the fastest reduction rate, Tungsten (W) was identified as the most durable candidate due to its superior thermal stability and resistance to degradation. These findings suggest that electric/microwave arc plasma technology presents a promising and efficient method for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, with potential implications for climate change mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance and life cycle assessment of fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and alkali-resistant glass fibers 聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇和耐碱玻璃纤维纤维增强混凝土混合物的性能和寿命周期评估

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100382

Amir Ramezani, Raymond Pepera, Behrouz Shafei

{"title":"Performance and life cycle assessment of fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and alkali-resistant glass fibers","authors":"Amir Ramezani, Raymond Pepera, Behrouz Shafei","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the main mechanical, environmental, and economic characteristics of the fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) mixtures that contained polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and alkali-resistant glass (ARG) fibers in a range of dosages. The primary objective was to enhance performance attributes, while assessing each fiber’s impact on sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Various FRC mixtures were designed, including individual and hybrid fiber alternatives, with fiber dosages from 0.125% to 0.500% (by volume). Mechanical properties were evaluated through compressive strength, flexural strength, and residual load-carrying capacity, while microstructural details were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel, a holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed, encompassing production, service life, and end-of-life phases. Economic evaluation then considered initial material costs and long-term maintenance needs under different deterioration scenarios. Based on the wealth of original results, four indices were utilized to integrate mechanical performance, environmental impact, and cost. They included the environmental sustainability index, flexural sustainability index, compressive sustainability index, and economic-mechanical performance index (EMP). The EMP, in particular, enabled a direct evaluation of strength requirements relative to long-term cost implications. Among the tested mixtures, the mixtures that exhibited the highest overall performance were identified, reflecting superior mechanical properties, durability-driven sustainability, and life-cycle cost efficiency. The findings revealed that careful selection of fiber contents (in terms of choice and dosage) can be instrumental in offering proper mixture designs, facilitating their use in applications where long-term performance and environmental considerations are critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Portland cement to alkali-activated system: advances in wood-cement composites for sustainable building applications 从波特兰水泥到碱活化体系：可持续建筑用木水泥复合材料的进展

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100365

Firesenay Zerabruk Gigar , Amar Khennane , Jong-Leng Liow , Biruk Hailu Tekle , Zongjun Li

{"title":"From Portland cement to alkali-activated system: advances in wood-cement composites for sustainable building applications","authors":"Firesenay Zerabruk Gigar , Amar Khennane , Jong-Leng Liow , Biruk Hailu Tekle , Zongjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a detailed review of wood-cement composites, focusing on their material characteristics, mechanical performance, and evolution as a class of sustainable and cleaner construction material. Formed by combining wood particles with cementitious binders, these composites offer a unique alternative to conventional building materials by utilising renewable resources, supporting cleaner production practices, and reducing embodied carbon. The review is based on an extensive compilation of experimental data drawn from the literature, covering a wide range of studies that examine the effects of wood species, binder types, fabrication methods, and testing protocols on composite performance. Particular attention is given to the influence of binder composition, wood particle size, and mix ratios on key mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, density, and toughness. These parameters are critically assessed to establish their role in governing the structural reliability and functional suitability of the composites. The review also addresses production techniques and standardised testing methods, identifying common challenges such as the chemical incompatibility between lignocellulosic materials and cement hydrates, and summarising approaches developed to mitigate these issues. Recent developments, including the use of alkali-activated binders, are examined for their potential to enhance material performance and support cleaner material development. By consolidating existing research and identifying gaps in current knowledge, this paper aims to support further technical advancement and inform the practical implementation of wood-cement composites in environmentally responsible construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical, damage, and fracture behavior of sustainable pavement composites from mining tailings and crushed stone waste: Effects of aggregate content under compression and splitting via AE, DIC, and CT 矿山尾矿和碎石废弃物可持续路面复合材料的力学、损伤和断裂行为：集料含量对AE、DIC和CT压缩和劈裂的影响

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100383

Tianhua Wu , Yongtao Gao , Aibing Jin , Zancheng Chen , Changfu Huang , Maowei Ji , Hui Xu , Peng Li , Fei Yan , Yu Zhou

{"title":"Mechanical, damage, and fracture behavior of sustainable pavement composites from mining tailings and crushed stone waste: Effects of aggregate content under compression and splitting via AE, DIC, and CT","authors":"Tianhua Wu , Yongtao Gao , Aibing Jin , Zancheng Chen , Changfu Huang , Maowei Ji , Hui Xu , Peng Li , Fei Yan , Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the objective of repurposing multisource mining solid waste as sustainable pavement composites, this study investigates the effects of crushed stone aggregate content (CSAC) on the mechanical, damage, and fracture behavior of cemented tailings-crushed stone composites (CTCSC). Eight sample groups with CSAC values ranging from 0% to 100% are tested using a uniaxial compression test (UCT) and a Brazilian splitting test (BST), combined with AE, DIC, and CT monitoring. The results reveal nonmonotonic variations in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), splitting tensile strength (STS), and the tensile-to-compressive strength ratio (T/C), which initially decrease, then increase, and finally decrease slightly at high CSAC levels. The elastic modulus reaches a maximum of 118.70 MPa at 90% CSAC. With increasing CSAC, the CTCSC exhibits a ductile-to-brittle transition in the UCT and a shift from concave deformation to near-linear prepeak deformation in the BST. AE activity remains low before the peak stress but increases sharply after failure, with tensile signals dominating the RA–AF characteristics. The global b-value peaks at 15% CSAC and then decreases, whereas the crack initiation stress reaches its maximum at 45% CSAC before declining. In the UCT, four failure modes are observed: shear (0%), tensile (15–30%), tensile–shear (45–60%), and shear–tensile (75–100%). The BST reveals three tensile failure patterns, namely, central (0%), deflected (15–60%), and stepped interface-induced (75–100%), with cracks initiating at the loading end. The crack opening displacement peaks at 1.860 mm before it decreases, whereas the crack tortuosity steadily increases. These findings elucidate the failure mechanisms of CTCSC and provide guidance for optimizing sustainable pavement composites using mining solid waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solvent selection enables sustainable and affordable lignin biocomposite for cement-free construction 溶剂选择使可持续和负担得起的木质素生物复合材料无水泥建筑

IF 9

Cleaner Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371

Barney H. Miao , Daniel Woo , Andrew C. Lesh , David J. Loftus , Michael D. Lepech

{"title":"Solvent selection enables sustainable and affordable lignin biocomposite for cement-free construction","authors":"Barney H. Miao , Daniel Woo , Andrew C. Lesh , David J. Loftus , Michael D. Lepech","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement-free construction materials are essential to reduce global carbon emissions, yet scalable alternatives remain limited. We report the development of a lignin-based biopolymer-bound soil composite (BSC), a novel cement-free material with mechanical properties comparable to lightweight concrete. To advance its scalability and environmental performance, we also used a systematic framework for solvent selection in lignin biocomposite fabrication. Applying this approach, we identified an acetic acid–water solvent system that speeds up manufacturing and enhances material quality. BSCs fabricated with this system exhibit increased strength (5.4 MPa vs. 3.7 MPa), attributed to acetylation of lignin. In addition, the acetic acid–water system dramatically reduces drying time compared with the alternative solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (2 days vs. 14 days), enabling more efficient production. Life cycle assessment reveals additional CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> sequestration and a 70 % reduction in material cost (US$122–237/<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> vs. US$409–933/<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) relative to lignin biocomposite made using DMSO as the solvent. These improvements stem from solvent-induced modifications in lignin chemistry that enhance composite performance. This work demonstrates how both material design and rational solvent selection can pave the way for adoption of lignin-based composites as scalable, affordable, and low-carbon alternatives for the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0