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Morphology and elemental composition of dustfall particles inside emperor qin's terra-cotta warriors and horses museum 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆内尘埃颗粒的形态和元素组成
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7
Tafeng Hu , Xuxiang Li , Jungang Dong , Bo Rong , Zhenxing Shen , Junji Cao , Shun-Cheng Lee , Judith C. Chow , John G. Watson
{"title":"Morphology and elemental composition of dustfall particles inside emperor qin's terra-cotta warriors and horses museum","authors":"Tafeng Hu ,&nbsp;Xuxiang Li ,&nbsp;Jungang Dong ,&nbsp;Bo Rong ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Shen ,&nbsp;Junji Cao ,&nbsp;Shun-Cheng Lee ,&nbsp;Judith C. Chow ,&nbsp;John G. Watson","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor dustfall samples were collected in Pit 1 and Pit 2 of Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. The morphological and elemental analysis for long-term (&gt;10 years) and short-term (∼0.5 year) dustfall particles and lacquer pieces on the faces of partly assembled warriors were performed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDX). The results showed that the majority of dustfall samples appeared to be composed of mineral dust particles, fly ash, and biological particles with different elemental compositions. Most of the mineral particles had irregular shapes with smooth edges. Small floccules of calcium sulfate were more frequently observed in long-term dustfall samples than in short-term samples, implying a progressive chemical reaction between continuous dustfall particles and atmospheric sulfur dioxide. Crystals of calcium sulfate were also found near pits on both inner and outer surfaces of lacquer pieces, revealing an acid chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and lacquer material as the cause of the formation of erosion pits and cracks on surface of lacquer pieces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91738978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
A review of current knowledge concerning size-dependent aerosol removal 关于粒径依赖性气溶胶去除的现有知识综述
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60276-0
Leiming Zhang, Robert Vet
{"title":"A review of current knowledge concerning size-dependent aerosol removal","authors":"Leiming Zhang,&nbsp;Robert Vet","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60276-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60276-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The status of current knowledge on size-dependent aerosol removal by dry and wet processes, including dry deposition and impaction and nucleation scavenging, is reviewed. The largest discrepancies between theoretical estimations and measurement data on dry deposition and below-cloud scavenging are for submicron particles. Early dry deposition models, which developed based on chamber and wind tunnel measurements, tended to underestimate dry deposition velocity (<em>V</em><sub>d</sub>) for submicron particles by around one order of magnitude compared to recent field measurements. Recently developed models are able to predict reasonable <em>V</em><sub>d</sub> values for submicron particles but shift unrealistically the predicted minimum <em>V</em><sub>d</sub> to larger particle sizes. Theoretical studies of impaction scavenging of aerosol particles by falling liquid drops also substantially underestimate the scavenging coefficients for submicron particles. Empirical formulas based on field measurements can serve as an alternative to the theoretical scavenging models. Future development of size-resolved impaction scavenging models needs to include more precipitation properties (e.g., droplet surface area) and to be evaluated by detailed cloud microphysical models and available measurements. Several recently developed nucleation scavenging parameterizations for in-cloud removal of interstitial aerosol give comparable results when evaluated against parcel models; however, they need to be verified once suitable field measurements are available. More theoretical and field studies are also needed in order to better understand the role of organic aerosols in the nucleation scavenging process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 272-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60276-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73888596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
Relationship between horizontal extinction coefficient and PM10 concentration in Xi'an, china, during 1980-2002 1980-2002年西安市水平消光系数与PM10浓度的关系
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60284-X
Huizheng Che , Xiaoye Zhang , Yang Li , Zijiang Zhou , Zhenlin Chen
{"title":"Relationship between horizontal extinction coefficient and PM10 concentration in Xi'an, china, during 1980-2002","authors":"Huizheng Che ,&nbsp;Xiaoye Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Zijiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenlin Chen","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60284-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60284-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on daily visibility data obtained from 1980-2002 and air pollution index data from 2001-2004 in Xi'an, long-term variations and relationships for daily horizontal extinction coefficient and mass concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> have been evaluated. A decreasing trend was found in horizontal extinction coefficient during the past 23 years, with higher values observed in 1980s relative to 1990s, and the highest and lowest values in winter and summer, respectively. Significant correlation and similar seasonal variations existed between horizontal extinction coefficient and PM<sub>10</sub> concentration, suggesting the high influence of PM<sub>10</sub> to the visibility drop at a site in the Guanzhong Plain of central China during the past two decades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 327-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60284-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81279521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Eighth China Aerosol Conference cum Second Cross-Strait Aerosol Technology Conference, Nanjing, November 3-8, 2005 第八届中国气溶胶会议暨第二届海峡两岸气溶胶技术会议，南京，2005年11月3-8日
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60290-5
Renjian Zhang
{"title":"Eighth China Aerosol Conference cum Second Cross-Strait Aerosol Technology Conference, Nanjing, November 3-8, 2005","authors":"Renjian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60290-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60290-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"61 1","pages":"356-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80279444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Annual Index to Vol. 4, 2006 2006年第4卷的年度指数
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60291-7
{"title":"Annual Index to Vol. 4, 2006","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60291-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60291-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 357-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60291-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91698888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in airborne particulates of east asia 东亚大气颗粒物中多环芳烃化合物的分布特征
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60277-2
Yan Liu , Libin Liu , Jin-Ming Lin , Ning Tang , Kazuichi Hayakawa
{"title":"Distribution and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in airborne particulates of east asia","authors":"Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Libin Liu ,&nbsp;Jin-Ming Lin ,&nbsp;Ning Tang ,&nbsp;Kazuichi Hayakawa","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60277-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60277-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A review is presented on the distribution and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, including nitro-PAHs and hydro-PAHs, on atmospheric particulates of East Asia. Generally, PAH compounds with two or three aromatic rings are released mainly into the gas phase, while those containing three or more aromatic rings are associated with particulate matter (PM) emission. Particle-associated PAHs are primarily adsorbed on fine particles, and little associated with coarse particles. Investigation into the concentration level of PAHs in different areas can serve not only to reflect the pollutant status and sources but also to lead to the formulation of control strategies. The results of the present study show that China has more severe PAH pollution than such East Asian countries as Japan and Korea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60277-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76166238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Morphology of black carbon aerosols and ubiquity of 50-nanometer black carbon aerosols in the atmosphere 黑碳气溶胶的形态及50纳米黑碳气溶胶在大气中的普遍性
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60283-8
Fengfu Fu , Liangjun Xu , Wei Ye , Yiquan Chen , Mingyu Jiang , Xueqin Xu
{"title":"Morphology of black carbon aerosols and ubiquity of 50-nanometer black carbon aerosols in the atmosphere","authors":"Fengfu Fu ,&nbsp;Liangjun Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Ye ,&nbsp;Yiquan Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Xueqin Xu","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60283-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60283-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different-sized aerosols were collected by an Andersen air sampler to observe the detailed morphology of the black carbon (BC) aerosols which were separated chemically from the other accompanying aerosols, using a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that most BC aerosols are spherical particles of about 50 nm in diameter and with a homogeneous surface. Results also show that these particles aggregate with other aerosols or with themselves to form larger agglomerates in the micrometer range. The shape of these 50-nm BC spherical particles was found to be very similar to that of BC particles released from petroleum-powered vehicular internal combustion engines. These spherical BC particles were shown to be different from the previously reported fullerenes found using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 323-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60283-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80718566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Investigations of main factors affecting tropospheric nitrate aerosol using a coupling model 用耦合模式研究影响对流层硝酸盐气溶胶的主要因素
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60286-3
Tijian Wang , Shu Li , Fei Jiang , Lijie Gao
{"title":"Investigations of main factors affecting tropospheric nitrate aerosol using a coupling model","authors":"Tijian Wang ,&nbsp;Shu Li ,&nbsp;Fei Jiang ,&nbsp;Lijie Gao","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60286-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60286-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Factors affecting tropospheric nitrate aerosol formation were investigated through a number of sensitivity studies using the thermodynamic equilibrium model ISORROPIA and the condensed gas-phase chemistry model. Results indicate that the equilibrium concentration of nitrate aerosol varies with solar zenith angle, air temperature, relative humidity, initial SO<sub>2</sub> concentration, initial NO<sub>2</sub> concentration and initial NH<sub>3</sub> concentration. NH<sub>3</sub> concentration and solar zenith angle play the most important roles, followed by relative humidity and NO<sub>2</sub> concentration. It seems that the relations between nitrate aerosol and these four factors, as well as air temperature, are strong and highly nonlinear due to the coupling effect. The influence of SO<sub>2</sub> concentration on nitrate aerosol is near-linear and weak.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 336-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60286-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91698886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Morphology and elemental composition of dustfall particles inside emperor qin's terra-cotta warriors and horses museum 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆内尘埃颗粒的形态和元素组成
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7
Tafeng Hu, Xuxiang Li, Jungang Dong, B. Rong, Zhenxing Shen, Junji Cao, Shun-cheng Lee, J. Chow, J. Watson
{"title":"Morphology and elemental composition of dustfall particles inside emperor qin's terra-cotta warriors and horses museum","authors":"Tafeng Hu, Xuxiang Li, Jungang Dong, B. Rong, Zhenxing Shen, Junji Cao, Shun-cheng Lee, J. Chow, J. Watson","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60288-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"1 1","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90457239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Analysis of column-integrated aerosol optical thickness in beijing from aeronet observations 利用大气观测资料分析北京地区柱积分气溶胶光学厚度
China Particuology Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60285-1
Xuehua Fan , Hongbin Chen , Philippe Goloub , Xiang'ao Xia , Wenxing Zhang , Bernadette Chatenet
{"title":"Analysis of column-integrated aerosol optical thickness in beijing from aeronet observations","authors":"Xuehua Fan ,&nbsp;Hongbin Chen ,&nbsp;Philippe Goloub ,&nbsp;Xiang'ao Xia ,&nbsp;Wenxing Zhang ,&nbsp;Bernadette Chatenet","doi":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60285-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60285-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), water vapor content and derived Angstrom exponent acquired by a CIMEL sun photometer in Beijing are analyzed. Monthly means computed from quality-assured daily means, seasonal trends and inter-annual variations are presented and discussed. Summer has the highest seasonal average AOT at 440 nm (τ<sub>a440</sub>), Angstrom exponent (<em>α</em><sub>440–870</sub>) and water vapor content with the values 0.93, 1.34 and 3.0 cm, respectively. The second highest seasonal average τ<sub>a440</sub> appears in spring with the largest variation of <em>α</em><sub>440–870</sub> and minimum <em>α</em><sub>440–870</sub> 0.99 due to the impact of coarse particles. The minimum seasonal average τ<sub>a440</sub> (0.44) and water vapor content (0.4 cm) appear in winter. The annual average τ<sub>a440</sub>, <em>α</em><sub>440–870</sub> and water vapor content for about 4-year observation period are 0.70, 1.19 and 1.4 cm, respectively. All monthly average Angstrom exponents are within 0.8-1.4, which indicates aerosol in Beijing is a very complex mixture of both fine- and coarse-mode particles (from anthropogenic influence and natural mineral dust).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100239,"journal":{"name":"China Particuology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 330-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60285-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74310514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
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