Chemistry of Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of down converting poly (vinyl alcohol)/ PANI@CuS hybrid nanocomposites for optoelectronic application","authors":"Madhanahalli Ankanathappa Sangamesha ,&nbsp;Kavya Rajanna ,&nbsp;Vasantha Kumar Shivaraju ,&nbsp;Beejaganahalli Sangameshwara Madhukar","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new avenue for modifying the physical and chemical characteristics of the semiconducting polymers is opened by the incorporation of conducting polymers coated with inorganic nanoparticles into the semiconducting host polymers. For the manufacture of polyaniline (PANI) composites containing copper sulfide (PANI@CuS) and subsequent introduction to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), an in-suite polymerization process was used. In the current study, PVA/PANI@CuS hybrid nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using an environmentally friendly solution casting technique with PANI@CuS concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 ​wt%. To assess their morphological, electrical, optical, and surface characteristics, the prepared polymer hybrid nanocomposites were put through a variety of analytical techniques. The molecular connection between CuS, PANI, and PVA is visible thanks to X-ray diffraction and FT-IR investigations. The refractive index rises from 1.40 to 1.73 while the band gap in the UV–Visible decreases from 6.17 to 3.43, providing information on the optical characteristics. Additionally, photoluminescence spectra exhibit a 150 ​nm Stokes shift towards higher wavelengths, opening up additional opportunities for photovoltaic applications. The electrical characteristics were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it was discovered that the conduction mechanism adheres to the Poole-Frenkel effect. The obtained findings demonstrate that the addition of PANI@CuS significantly improves the host polymer matrix's opto-electronic characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000253/pdfft?md5=84e309e0d449e17b573843004a813300&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138436401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ball milling on the cubic Sb2O3 into orthorhombic Sb2O3 and SbO2 materials – Structural and other characterization studies","authors":"S. Balamurugan,&nbsp;S.A. Ashika,&nbsp;T.K. Sana Fathima","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present investigation adds new information about the cubic Sb₂O₃ and orthorhombic Sb₂O₃ and SbO₂ phases to the scientific society. In this work, the Sb₂O₃ (commercial) powder was ball-milled in a tungsten carbide (WC) jar using WC balls with different diameters at 300 ​rpm for several time intervals (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 ​min and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 ​h) and reported their findings of structural, thermal, optical, and morphology. Interestingly, the ball-milled powder undergoes phase transformation from cubic Sb₂O₃ into orthorhombic Sb₂O₃ and SbO₂ in a short duration (3–30 ​min) of ball milling. While the 0, 1, and 3 ​min ball milled samples preserve the cubic Sb₂O₃ structure, the 5 ​min ball milled sample exhibits a nearly single-phase orthorhombic Sb₂O₃ structure. Mixed phases of orthorhombic Sb₂O₃ and SbO₂ phases are seen for the 10–20 ​min ball milled samples. For a 30 ​min ball milled sample, an orthorhombic SbO₂ phase is observed. Furthermore, the 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 ​h ball milled samples retain the orthorhombic SbO₂ phase. Maximum weight loss of 34.4 ​% is noted for the commercial Sb₂O₃ powder, whereas the 1 and 3 ​min of ball-milled samples reveal the weight loss of 9.3 and 4.7 ​%, respectively. The other ball-milled samples exhibit both weight loss and weight gain in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves. The Raman features of ball-milled orthorhombic SbO₂ are quite different from those of other types of antimony-based oxides. Bar/bundle-shaped and spherical-shaped with agglomerated particles are seen for the commercial Sb₂O₃ phase and ball-milled (1 and 30 ​h) SbO₂ phase samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000228/pdfft?md5=1e71e50cd9f7965abccdf20ca4c5ed79&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential roadmap on the development, application, and loopholes of metal-organic frameworks in high-performance third-generation solar cells","authors":"Souhardya Bera ,&nbsp;Shibsankar Mondal ,&nbsp;Arkadip Majumder ,&nbsp;Swastik Paul ,&nbsp;Ridipt Mishra ,&nbsp;Subhasis Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The third-generation solar cells have found incremental utilization over their last two-generation counterparts for their increased environmental friendliness, facile fabrication, relatively high efficiency, and low cost in commercialization. A coordinated porosity and a high surface area mark Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) as an exciting candidate for study in solar cell fabrication. This review article aims to assemble the various MOF structures for developing high-performance solar cell studies. To be understood, MOF was not designed as a single material but has always enhanced efficiency as guest materials or secondary support structures. Pristine MOFs have been studied extensively as photoanodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). However, given their intrinsically insulating nature and dull charge transport mechanism, they limit cell performance and efficiency. The constrained conductivity also limits their replacement as counter electrodes, which require a cheaper and more stable electrocatalyst than platinum. It has been found to provide extra crystallinity to the perovskite layer for Perovskite Solar Cells (PSC), further enhancing device performance and stability. The article presents a detailed report on developing MOF-derived materials for DSSC and PSC components. MOFs with excellent light-harvesting capacity and photosensitizing linkers have also been a curious case of study. Moreover, the crystal framework of MOFs can be designed efficiently, which helps solar cell component fabrication in fine-tuning its properties. Although fabrication from MOFs is still in the primitive stage, this paper provides knowledge in the field of both photovoltaics, and MOF diversification, understands the studies that have already been reported regarding the performance and stability, the enhancement in their properties, and loopholes that remain to be understood and nullified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000241/pdfft?md5=db53da050ff275cfa9e2792640db6e5e&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hole and electron transport materials: A review on recent progress in organic charge transport materials for efficient, stable, and scalable perovskite solar cells","authors":"B. Gopal Krishna ,&nbsp;Dhriti Sundar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Sanjay Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Charge transporting materials are essential for fabricating stable and efficient perovskite solar cells. The high-temperature processing, surface defects, and low mobility are common issues in inorganic charge transport materials which can hinder the fabrication of low-cost, efficient, and stable perovskite solar cells. Dopants increase the processing cost of the hole transport materials. Surface defects are observed in the high-temperature processed inorganic electron transport materials. There is a need to develop organic compounds for charge transportation in perovskite solar cells. Herein, the advancements in the organic materials for charge transport in the perovskite solar cells are reviewed. The low-cost processing, better solubility, efficient charge mobility, tunable molecular orbitals, and better stability of organic compounds are some properties for their utilization as charge transport materials in perovskite solar cells. Organic small molecules, polymers, and phthalocyanine compounds can be utilized as dopant-free hole transport materials. Fullerene and non-fullerene derivatives like C₆₀, C₇₀, azaacenes, indacenodithiophene, polymers, and rylene diimides are promising electron transport materials. The functionality, engineering, charge transport properties, and device characteristics of different organic materials are discussed. The review will offer a forecast for improving device stability and efficiency in terms of architecture, engineering, and materials to realize the commercialization of perovskite solar cells soon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000265/pdfft?md5=90e29688eff12f9836159499f58b93fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000265-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing dark current in lead halide perovskite photodetectors","authors":"Yuping Liu ,&nbsp;Zhirong Liu ,&nbsp;Haixian Yu ,&nbsp;Junyi Huang ,&nbsp;Xiongjie Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Ma ,&nbsp;Yan Shen ,&nbsp;Guoli Tu ,&nbsp;Mingkui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photodetector is an essential component in many optoelectronic devices nowadays that converts the incoming optical signal into an electrical signal. The need for multi-spectral photoelectric detection in the same scene promotes the application of wide spectrum detection. Halide hybrid perovskites can be excellent candidates for wide-spectrum photodetectors which cover a spectral range of UV–visible–infrared. However, the intrinsic defects of perovskite material and the defects among various functional layers might increase the dark current and seriously reduce the photodetector device optoelectronic performance. Therefore, reducing the dark current and improving the spectra-detection performance of ultra-wideband radiation perovskite photodetectors are the main targets for investigation of high-efficient perovskite photodetectors. In this mini-review, the parameters that determine the dark current of perovskite photodetectors and their effects on the device performance are discussed for the first time. Then this work evaluated the promising approaches to solve the defect-dependent recombination in perovskite photodetectors. We further outlooked the effective approaches for perovskite photodetectors for wide-spectrum application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294974692300023X/pdfft?md5=b065377b8de3e16cd5603ba53a6a4abb&pid=1-s2.0-S294974692300023X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134832898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tb3+ doping on structural and magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles for biomedical applications","authors":"Shrinivas G. Jamdade ,&nbsp;Popat S. Tambade ,&nbsp;Sopan M. Rathod","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, the effect of Tb³⁺ doping in Cu ferrite is reported. Tb³⁺ doped Cu ferrite (CuTb_xFe_2-xO₄) (x ​= ​0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15) nanoparticles have been synthesized by Sol-Gel auto-combustion technique. The CuTb_xFe_2-xO₄ ferrite crystallizes in spinel cubic structure. The presence of secondary phases is noticed. Characterization tools such as XRD, UV–visible, FTIR, and VSM are employed to investigate phase, structure, absorption bands, and magnetic properties. From XRD data the crystallite size is found to be in the range of 2.64–5.07nm. The FTIR pattern of synthesized ferrite describes the asymmetric stretching mode of spinel transition in CuFe₂O₄. The saturation magnetization of 22.96 emugm⁻¹ is observed for CuFe₂O₄. From UV–visible DRS spectra the optical band gap energy of Tb³⁺ doped Cu ferrite samples is determined which shows decrease after doping. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized nanoparticles were tested which shows good results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000204/pdfft?md5=db2cc395d995e6461b82dec349dac67c&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92117024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of visible-light induced fluorine doped bismuth oxide (Bi2O3-xFx) photocatalyst in degrading textile dyes from wastewater","authors":"Ashok Kumar Chakraborty ,&nbsp;S.M. Abdur Razzaque ,&nbsp;Md Ahsanul Haque ,&nbsp;Afroza Akter ,&nbsp;Sumon Ganguli ,&nbsp;Md. Nazrul Islam ,&nbsp;Alam S.M. Nur ,&nbsp;Md Abdus Sabur","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discharge of unused and untreated dye effluents into the environment by the textile industries is a major issue. In this wastewater, the methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) remain in a dissolved state along with various pollutants at different levels. To remove these dyes, visible light (λ ​≥ ​420 ​nm) active F (fluorine) doped bismuth oxide (Bi₂O_3-xF_x) photocatalyst was synthesized through facile sol-gel method utilizing bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Bi₂O_3-xF_x demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity to decompose methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under visible light. The F content in Bi₂O_3-xF_x composite was optimized to 0.94 atom % with respect to organics decomposition. The study showed that enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi₂O_3-xF_x was ascribed due to participation of photo-induced electron (e¯)-hole (h⁺) in photocatalysis. The existence of hole (h⁺) and the generated °OH radical was experimentally confirmed in aqueous medium. The formation mechanism of these reactive species was explained on the basis of relative energy band position of Bi₂O_3-xF_x and a detail photocatalytic decomposition reaction mechanism was proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000198/pdfft?md5=0030e4b7cd5798a0e55b541fe1866fb4&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92026703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic structure that gives rise to the optical properties of zinc, cadmium and silver hexacyanocobaltates(III)","authors":"R. Mojica ,&nbsp;A.E. Torres ,&nbsp;Y. Avila ,&nbsp;E. Reguera","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal hexacyanocobaltates(III) correspond to coordination polymers that present physical properties that can be used for technological applications. In this sense, properties like spin-crossover under different physical stimuli (light, temperature, pression, etc) or the colossal mechanical negative thermal expansion has been reported as astonishing properties of these materials (Goodwin et al., 2008; Goodwin et al., 2008; Avila et al., 2022) [1–3]. In this contribution, the electronic properties of hexacyanocobaltates(III) that contain Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Ag¹⁺ as metal ions, with a closed d-shell electronic configuration, are studied by means of combined UV–Vis spectroscopy and <em>ab-initio</em> calculations. The influence of the outer metals (Zn, Cd, Ag) when forming the coordination polymers as well as the effect of the inner octahedral moiety [Co(CN)₆]^3- have on the macroscopic electronic properties is discussed. Metal to ligand charge transfer transitions that produce the optical behavior are also clarified. Furthermore, the origin of the band gap transitions for Zn and Cd hexacyanocobaltates(III) is reported for the first time and supported by <em>ab-initio</em> calculations. New optical band gap energy values are proposed from a combined Urbach and Tauc analysis. Finally, the effects of metal substitution in Prussian blue analogues and the structural phase shift towards a zeolite-like phase on the band gap are analyzed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949746923000216/pdfft?md5=bdd599087ed809ceba78e3237f339d89&pid=1-s2.0-S2949746923000216-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91964506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of bis(ferrocenyl) ethers","authors":"S. Dharani ,&nbsp;Vincent M. Lynch ,&nbsp;R. Prabhakaran","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three different symmetrical ethers derived from formyl ferrocene, acetyl ferrocene and benzoyl ferrocene have been characterized <em>via</em> FT-IR, UV-Visible and ¹H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Further, the true nature of bis[phenyl(ferrocenyl)methyl]ether was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The redox behavior of ferrocenyl ethers has been studied using cyclic voltammetry. The present method yields the corresponding bisferrocenyl ether with almost 100 % conversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of elemental lead to perovskites photovoltaics","authors":"Zhiguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuping Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Huaxia Ban ,&nbsp;Zhirong Liu ,&nbsp;Huaixuan Yu ,&nbsp;Xiongjie Li ,&nbsp;Letian Dai ,&nbsp;Wanpeng Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Shen ,&nbsp;Mingkui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cinorg.2023.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite photovoltaic has been attracting intense attention as an emerging technology due to its figure of merits including high power conversion efficiency, low-cost fabrication, and others. A successful commercialization of this type of technology has been significantly retarded by issues of elemental toxicity and device stability which are related to the key component of lead (Pb) in most efficient halide perovskites. Here, we first elucidated the origin of the superior optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites and their impact on photovoltaic device performance. We then discussed the promising approaches to solve the toxicity issue of lead hybrid perovskites. We further outlooked the effective solutions for lead hybrid perovskites for solar cell application. This review may provide a guidance for researchers interested in facilitating perovskite solar cells from exploitation to application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}