{"title":"Advancements in thermoelectric materials and their performance for thermoelectric generators (TEGs): A short review","authors":"Md Habibur Rahman Aslam","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have garnered growing interest in recent years for their ability to convert heat directly into electricity through a solid-state, environmentally friendly, and low-maintenance process. Their noiseless operation and long service life make them attractive for a variety of applications. However, their broader deployment remains constrained by relatively low energy conversion efficiency, which is fundamentally determined by the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of the thermoelectric materials employed. This review provides a detailed examination of key thermoelectric materials, focusing on their ZT performance and relevance to TEG efficiency. The evolution of TEG technology is outlined-from its 19th-century origins to modern advancements aimed at enhancing performance. Particular emphasis is placed on widely used materials such as bismuth telluride, lead telluride, and skutterudites, alongside emerging candidates like clathrates and half-Heusler compounds. By exploring current trends and challenges in material development, this work offers valuable insights for improving TEG efficiency and advancing their role in sustainable energy systems, particularly for harvesting waste heat and other low-grade thermal sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multifunctional potential of triazole-based metal-organic frameworks: An overview","authors":"Priya Mishra, Nidhi Singh, Satya, Armeen Siddique, Seema Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triazole-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Tz-MOFs) are a special type of material that combines the triazole ligands with the MOFs. These frameworks are made by linking metal ions or clusters with nitrogen-rich triazole derivatives that can bind in different ways. They work better for storing and separating gases, especially for capturing CO<sub>2</sub> and storing hydrogen, because they have a larger surface area and can selectively adsorb. Triazole ligands work well with metal centers, which makes them better at catalyzing reactions. This makes them useful for electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and organic transformations. These MOFs are good chemical sensors because they can easily and accurately find biomolecules, heavy metals, and toxic gases. Tz-MOF's controlled release property and biocompatibility make them promising for drug delivery in biomedical applications. Their potential in healthcare is further enhanced by their antimicrobial activity. The focus of recent advancements is on improving their operational stability, scalability, and functionalization for practical applications. These materials offer a cutting-edge platform for tackling significant issues in environmental sustainability, medicine, and energy storage. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of Tz-MOFs, emphasizing their structural diversity and applications. These MOFs are ideal for a range of applications due to their structures, adjustable porosity, and excellent thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir , Mahfuzul Islam , Nafis Rahman Sayeem , Nurus Sabah Anam , Md. Rahadul Islam Shipon , Md. Rifat , Shanawaz Ahmed , Md. Tauhiduzzaman , Md. Ashraful Alam
{"title":"Comprehensive synthesis route of crystalline copper oxide nanoparticles: A crystallographic analysis with functional application","authors":"Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir , Mahfuzul Islam , Nafis Rahman Sayeem , Nurus Sabah Anam , Md. Rahadul Islam Shipon , Md. Rifat , Shanawaz Ahmed , Md. Tauhiduzzaman , Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis pathway plays a crucial role in determining the crystallographic and functional properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Here, present a comparative study of biological, chemical and physical synthesis routes, emphasizing their influence on structure–property relationships. Environmentally benign biological methods, utilizing plant extracts and microorganisms, yielded NPs with distinctive surface chemistries. In contrast, chemical techniques, such as precipitation and sol–gel, provided precise control over particle size and distribution. Physical methods, including thermal decomposition and laser ablation, produced highly pure nanostructures with well-defined crystallographic symmetry. Advanced characterization, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed route-dependent variations in morphology, size and phase composition. XRD identified the (111) reflection as the most intense diffraction, though its dominance varied with growth conditions, confirming a monoclinic crystal structure and atomic packing factor of ∼0.65. XPS verified the CuO oxidation state and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy detected Cu–O stretching bands between 500 and 700 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The crystallographic attributes were directly linked to performance in antimicrobial activity, catalysis, gas sensing and energy storage. These findings establish a clear correlation between synthesis, structure and function, providing a framework for the targeted design of CuO NPs for advanced technological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulak Ghosh , Raton Kumar Bishwas , Md. Ashraful Alam , Fariha Zannat , Mohammad Mohsin , Shirin Akter Jahan
{"title":"Effect of reaction medium on crystallinity and morphological properties of precipitation-derived α-alumina nanocrystals","authors":"Pulak Ghosh , Raton Kumar Bishwas , Md. Ashraful Alam , Fariha Zannat , Mohammad Mohsin , Shirin Akter Jahan","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of ultra-fine α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles via the precipitation technique was explored with the influence of different reaction media such as deionized water, acetone, methanol, and ethanol on their crystallographic and morphological properties. The study highlights how medium polarity and surface energy affect crystal growth, structural organization, and phase purity. Characterization techniques, including XRD, DLS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, TGA-DSC, and zeta potential analysis, reveal distinct particle size, crystallinity, and thermal stability differences among the mediums. Crystallite size was calculated using multiple methods, including Scherrer, Williamson-Hall (W–H), Size-Strain Plot (S–S), Halder-Wagner (H–W), and Monshi-Scherer models, yielding sizes ranging from 53.54 nm to 85.61 nm. Methanol demonstrated the highest crystallinity (35.81 %), smallest crystallite size (53.54 nm), and notable thermal and mechanical properties. Bandgap analysis further supports superior mechanical performance for methanol-based synthesis, with a bandgap energy of 5.67 eV. These findings emphasize the potential of methanol as an optimal medium for the synthesis of α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles with high industrial relevance in ceramics, coatings, and aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in chemical synthesis of polyindole/tin oxide hybrid nanocomposite for high performing flexible optoelectronic device applications","authors":"N.S. Wadatkar , S.A. Waghuley","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explores polyindole (PIn)/tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. The resulting nanocomposite material was characterized by analytical instruments such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study their structural and morphological properties. The optical properties were examined through ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. PIn/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite based sensor exhibits significant sensing response at low operating temperature. Results here provide an easy, and environmentally friendly method to synthesize PIn/SnO<sub>2</sub> which may have potential applications in the flexible electronic products and energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comprehensive review on medicinal plant extract-based nanoparticles for dye degradation","authors":"Giriraj Tailor , Jyoti Chaudhary , Saurabh Singh , Deepshikha Verma , Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis is a sustainable, dependable, and environmentally safe method of producing a range of materials and nanomaterials, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, which is why materials scientists are so interested in it. Research on plant-derived nanoparticles has increased significantly in recent years because of its many benefits, which include stable products, inexpensive synthesis costs, and environmentally benign methods. When discharged into the environment, toxic effluents like dyes contaminate water sources, threaten aquatic life, and cause deadly diseases in humans. The use of nanoparticles, particularly biosynthesized ones, in eliminating dyes from industrial effluent is the main focus of this review. This paper examines a variety of biosynthesized nanoparticles that are employed to break down different contaminants in wastewater. The review discusses the formation mechanisms, characterizations, and influencing variables of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis methodologies along with their dye degradation activities and photocatalytic mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Anbu , M. Dilipkumar , K. Jeyajothi , M. Rajasimman , M.S. Manojkumar
{"title":"Magnetized retrieve of Ag–TeO3/Fe3O4@TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites for optical, kinetically, half-life period and its photocatalytic assessment of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes","authors":"A. Anbu , M. Dilipkumar , K. Jeyajothi , M. Rajasimman , M.S. Manojkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research effectively constructed a core-shell-shell structure of Ag–TeO<sub>3</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> utilizing <em>Capsicum frutescence extract</em>, which is both magnetized highly recoverable. The catalyst was applied to photo catalytically degrade the colorants methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). The catalyst's function was further examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM/HRTEM, VSM, BET isotherm and UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis. Thus, Ag–TeO<sub>3</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited magnetized characteristics, including a saturation magnetic of 51.9 emu/g and a bandwidth value of 2.5 eV and half life period of 91.9min<sup>−1</sup>. The photocatalytic breaking down of MO and MB dyes mirrored the Langmuir-Hinshelwood pattern. Breakdown could be observed at the MO and MB dyes after 45 and 50 min of radiation exposure, with MO and MB dye elimination efficiencies reaching 99.2 % and 98.2 %, correspondingly. Following five attempts of regenerating Ag–TeO<sub>3</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> demonstrated 96.96 % MO and MB dye elimination performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and applications of MgO/BaFe2O4 nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing and efficient photocatalytic dye degradation","authors":"S.V. Dhanyashree, S. Rajendra Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents the synthesis of MgO/BaFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> through a novel, environmentally conscious sol-gel process. Structural and compositional analyses validated the material's integrity. With an observed band gap of 1.977 eV, the material demonstrated potent photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 96.62 % degradation of Indigo Carmine dye in 90 min under UV light, positioning it as a promising candidate for wastewater treatment. Moreover, its electrochemical properties were thoroughly investigated using a modified carbon paste electrode. After optimizing sweep rate, analyte concentration, and pH, the electrode exhibited a linear detection range of 10–100 μM for Dopamine and uric acid, with impressive detection limits around 8.650 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M and 8.645 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M, confirming its high sensitivity for trace substance analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optoelectronic properties of porphine-functionalized carbon nanotubes: DFT exploration","authors":"Abdelhafid Najim , Lhouceine Moulaoui , Mohamed Al-hattab , Anass Bakour , Omar Bajjou , Khalid Rahmani","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the electronic and optical properties of porphine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) compound using density functional theory (DFT). The functionalization of pristine SWCNT with porphine, according to numerical simulations, increases the band gap energy of the SWCNT material from 0.288 eV to 0.361 eV. As a result, there is a change in the total density of states (TDOS) peaks near to the Fermi level. After the combination of SWCNT and porphine chain, the absorption coefficient of the pristine SWCNT increases in the visible region while decreasing in the ultraviolet range. The observed redshift in the absorption peak of the functionalized SWCNT is attributed to the J-aggregate character. The electronic and optical characteristics of the SWCNT structure are strongly influenced by porphine functionalization. As a result, the porphine-functionalized SWCNT system shows great potential for various applications in materials science, particularly in optoelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and computational investigation of CH3NH3PbI3 material for next-generation fiber optic applications","authors":"Mulayam Singh Patel , Priyanka Singh , Mithilesh Kumar Singh , Sandeep Yadav , Ravindra Kumar Rawat , Ambreesh Kumar , Dhirendra Kumar Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> film was fabricated using a two-step spin-coating technique, following the successful synthesis of methylammonium iodide. X-ray Diffraction analysis confirmed the film's high crystallinity, with prominent peaks at 14.04° and 28.29° corresponding to the (110) and (220) planes, respectively. It exhibits sharp peaks, indicating the absence of impurities, and has an average crystallite size of 40 nm, calculated using the Scherrer equation. Optical and morphological characterization revealed a direct band gap of 1.66 eV, strong visible-light absorption, and a dense, crystalline morphology. Computational studies further highlighted the material's potential for fiber optic applications. The optical behavior of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> is marked by a pronounced light–matter interaction in the visible region. Its refractive index reaches a maximum around 3 eV, while the absorption coefficient attains its highest value near 10 eV. The material reflects strongly below 5 eV but becomes increasingly transparent at higher photon energies. The dielectric function reveals energy storage at low energies and significant energy dissipation, with a peaking near 4 eV. Together, these optical characteristics and the pronounced variation in refractive index point to the potential for nonlinear optical effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}