Chemistry of Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Cu-doping for improved BiVO4 nanostructured supercapacitors: A structural and electrochemical study","authors":"Vilas S. Jadhav,&nbsp;Kunal D. Gaikwad","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of Cu doping on the supercapacitive properties of BiVO₄ nanostructures. It reports Cu–BiVO₄ nanostructures with varying Cu contents, prepared by the hydrothermal method, and studies their morphology and physical, structural, and electrochemical properties. XRD analysis revealed that all samples consisted of pure monoclinic BiVO₄, with no significant secondary phases detected. The FTIR spectra displayed shifts in the V–O and Bi–O vibrational modes, indicating Cu was incorporated into the host lattice. Results from UV–Vis analysis showed that doping Cu into BiVO₄ enhanced absorption in the green-to-visible light range and shifted the optical absorption edge toward longer wavelengths, suggesting that the band gap could be narrowed by Cu doping. SEM-EDX provided detailed information on the morphology and uniformity of elemental distribution in the synthesized nanostructures. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) methods confirmed a significant improvement in the supercapacitive performance of Cu–BiVO₄. When the 10 % Cu–BiVO₄ electrode was fabricated, it achieved a higher specific capacitance (Cs) of 90.5 F/g at a CV scan rate of 10 mV/s, which is significantly higher than that of the synthesized pristine material. BiVO₄ (34 F/g). This was supported by GCD measurements, which showed specific capacitances of 60 F/g at 0.5 mA/g for the 10 % Cu-doped material, 47 F/g for the 5 % Cu-doped material, and only 12.5 F/g for BiVO₄. This work highlights the significant impact of well-controlled Cu doping on both the physical and electrochemical properties of BiVO₄, making Cu–BiVO₄ highly promising for advanced energy storage systems, as demonstrated through a combined theoretical and experimental approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on structural integrity and magneto-dielectric response of rare earth substituted U-type hexagonal ferrites","authors":"M. Irfan,&nbsp;Komel Maryam,&nbsp;Maryam Choudhary,&nbsp;Nayyab Sajjad,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Ashiq,&nbsp;Isbah Shamshad,&nbsp;Tehreem Idrees,&nbsp;Fatima Khan,&nbsp;Hafiz Ghulam Shabbir,&nbsp;Tanzeela Khan,&nbsp;Ajmal Sultan,&nbsp;Muhammad Azhar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing enthusiasm in research on <span><math><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>-type hexaferrites because they promise high ferromagnetic resonance frequencies, strong magnetoelectric coupling, high-temperature performance, and enhanced tunability via doping. This review concentrates on the structural complexities associated with <span><math><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>-type hexaferrites. The <span><math><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>-type hexaferrite structure is constructed from molecular units <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow></math></span> or <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>M</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow></math></span>, with space group <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and crystallographic parameters <em>a</em> and <em>c</em> extending from (<span><math><mrow><mn>5.73</mn></mrow></math></span> - <span><math><mn>5.88</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>Å</mi></math></span> and from <span><math><mo>(</mo><mn>111.76</mn></math></span> - <span><math><mn>113.03</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>Å</mi></math></span>, respectively. These materials exhibit uniaxial anisotropy. The impact of rare-earth ion substitution is also discussed, as it improves magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetization due to high magnetic moments and strong spin orbit coupling. Despite advancements in alternative synthesis routes, the sol-gel auto-combustion approach remains the most frequently used method for producing <span><math><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>-type hexaferrites because of its affordability and effectiveness in achieving phase purity. These materials have gained significant commercial and technological importance owing to their applications in permanent magnets, magnetic disks, and memory devices used in electrical equipment, particularly those operating at elevated frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vanadium doping on optical and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles","authors":"L. Bruno Chandrasekar ,&nbsp;J. Jayarubi ,&nbsp;D. Gopinath ,&nbsp;M. Karunakaran ,&nbsp;J. Thirumalai ,&nbsp;Sonaimuthu Mohandoss ,&nbsp;Subramanian Palanisamy ,&nbsp;P. Shunmuga Sundaram ,&nbsp;S. Sakthivel ,&nbsp;B. Kabilan ,&nbsp;D. Shanmugapriya","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, vanadium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. A series of nanoparticles is prepared with various doping concentrations of vanadium. The microscopic morphology and particle size of the material are analyzed. The results indicate that the doping notably changes the band gap, charge carrier concentration, Hall coefficient and refractive index of the nanoparticles. Frequency-dependent dielectric constant as well as electric modulus are examined and the results depend on the doping concentration of vanadium also. The photocatalytic properties of the prepared nanoparticles are studied using Congo red and methylene blue dyes. The material has a higher degradation efficiency for Congo red than methylene blue. 99.76 % degradation of Congo red and 41.26 % degradation of methylene blue were observed at 180 min using the prepared nanoparticles. The rate constants and the degradation mechanism as a function of vanadium doping concentration are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring electrochemical properties of CoFe2O4 via Ru substitution for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Qudsiya Y. Tamboli ,&nbsp;Kiran T. Adsure ,&nbsp;Pramod D. Mhase ,&nbsp;Varsha C. Pujari ,&nbsp;Ashok S. Padampalle ,&nbsp;Sagar E. Shirsath ,&nbsp;Santosh S. Jadhav ,&nbsp;Sunil M. Patange","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an effort to advance sustainable solutions for next-generation energy storage, this study presents a green synthesis strategy for ruthenium-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoRu_xFe_2-xO₄; x = 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30), employing <em>Moringa oleifera gum</em> as a natural chelating agent. Through an eco-friendly sol–gel method, The obtained nanocrystalline spinel structures accompanied by trace amounts of RuO₂, as verified by XRD, FESEM, and XPS characterizations. Raman spectroscopy confirms the preservation of the spinel framework and reveals Ru-induced local lattice distortion and modified metal–oxygen interactions, which correlate with the enhanced electrochemical response of the optimized composition. Ruthenium incorporation leads to progressive lattice expansion, improved particle dispersion, and enhanced surface chemistry enabling dominant surface-controlled capacitive charge storage with additional pseudocapacitive contributions arising from fast and reversible redox reactions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveal that the x = 0.30 composition delivers an exceptional specific capacitance of 4320.5 F/g at 20 mV/s, attributed to synergistic surface-controlled charge storage, mixed-valence redox activity of Co/Fe species, and the presence of electroactive RuO₂. These findings demonstrate the synergistic effects of Ru substitution and biopolymer-assisted synthesis in tailoring nanostructured ferrites for energy storage applications. The study underscores a sustainable approach toward designing high-capacity supercapacitor electrodes with superior electrical conductivity and charge transfer efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis and characterization of silver (Ag) nanoparticles: Crystallographic analysis from X-ray diffraction","authors":"Nusrat Jahan Tamanna ,&nbsp;Md. Sahadat Hossain ,&nbsp;Newaz Mohammed Bahadur ,&nbsp;Samina Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2026.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2026.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with an eye toward environmental sustainability. Numerous reducing agents have been explored by researchers worldwide to produce silver nanoparticles; in this work, dragon fruit (<em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em>) was exploited as a reducing agent. Precursor material (AgNO₃) was blended with <em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em> extract, and the pH was altered (with NaOH) to facilitate nanoparticle production. Later, the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (reflection at 2θ = 38.24, 44.38, and 64.59) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (absorption peak at 406.9 cm^-1). Several XRD models for estimating crystallite size, namely the Linear Straight-line method of Scherrer equation (LSLMSE), Scherrer equation, Sahadat-Scherrer Model, Monshi-Scherrer equation, Williamson-Hall method [Uniform Stress Deformation Model (USDM), Uniform Deformation Model (UDM), Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM)], Halder-Wagner method, and Size-strain plot method (SSP) were explored along with stress, lattice strain and lattice energy density. Crystallite sizes computed from these models were 3–64 nm, and strain was −0.0013. Rietveld refinement revealed that the maximum phase percentage (97.4 %) was silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), with the remaining 2.6 % being Ag₂O. In the end, the functional groups of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were determined by FTIR spectrum analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the comparative photocatalytic potential of green synthesized AgFeO2 derived from the leaf extract of Amaranthus dubius and Musa acuminata","authors":"Sk Aakash Hossain ,&nbsp;Sampad Sarkar ,&nbsp;Srijeet Chanda ,&nbsp;Shubhalakshmi Sengupta ,&nbsp;Sayam Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Fahim Ahamed ,&nbsp;Papita Das","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work highlights the green synthesis of AgFeO₂ delafossite nanoparticles using the leaf extract of red spinach leaves (<em>Amaranthus dubius</em>) and banana plant (<em>Musa acuminata</em>) to utilize these two samples as visible light driven photocatalysts for degrading Malachite Green and Indigo Carmine dyes in aqueous solution. The sample synthesized using red spinach leaf extract was named as ALE-AFO and the one synthesized using banana leaf extract was named as MLE-AFO respectively. The two samples were subjected to physicochemical tests such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, UV–Vis absorbance tests, EIS, and Mott-Schottky plots. The average particle size of ALE-AFO and MLE-AFO was 20.23 nm and 8.23 nm respectively. The direct band-gap of ALE-AFO and MLE-AFO as determined from Tauc's plot were 1.62 eV and 1.64 eV respectively. The point of zero charge of ALE-AFO and MLE-AFO were determined to be 8.27 and 4.87 respectively. The resistance against charge transfer within ALE-AFO was 26.4 Ω and that of MLE-AFO was 47.6 Ω respectively which indicates that ALE-AFO has smooth charge transfer phenomenon compared to MLE-AFO. The maximum Indigo Carmine removed by ALE-AFO was 78 % of 10 mg L⁻¹ (100 ml) using 30 mg dosage under pH∼2 within a reaction time of 120 min at a kinetic rate of 0.01104 min⁻¹ and that of Malachite green was 76 % degradation of 10 mg L⁻¹ (100 ml) using 30 mg dosage under pH∼8 within a reaction time of 120 min at a kinetic rate of 0.01093 min⁻¹. The quenching test indicated that hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions were the dominant reactive oxygen species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferred crystallographic design of monoclinic tenorite (CuO) nanocrystals by powder X-ray line diffraction","authors":"Md. Ashraful Alam ,&nbsp;Shanawaz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Debasish Sarkar ,&nbsp;Raton Kumar Bishwas ,&nbsp;Shirin Akter Jahan","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explored extensive data analysis of the preferred design of monoclinic copper oxide (CuO) nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized by the unique co-precipitation route. The study highlights the effectiveness of XRD data analysis in obtaining comprehensive nanoparticle (NPs) properties, reducing the need for multiple experiments. Rietveld refinement analysis indicated that 100 % of the synthesized material comprised crystalline CuO NPs produced by the WPPF technique. XRD characterized the prominent crystalline phase, offering insights into the lattice parameters where a= 4.6864, b= 3.4287, c= 5.1321; α=β= 90°,γ= 99.4°; lattice volume 81.357 Å³, crystallite size 27.94 nm, microstrain 0.00414 Nm⁻², specific surface area 34.03 m²/g, dislocation density 1.28 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10⁻³ nm⁻², preference growth 0.117, stress is 455.4 MPa, energy density 942.7 kJ/m³, crystallinity index 2.0559 and atomic packing factor (APF) 72.13 %. The nanoscale size was confirmed by UV absorbance at 224.12 nm (0.191 a. u.), an optical band gap of 5.99 eV, and an average zeta potential value of −31.0 mV, indicating good stability in the medium. TEM explored an average particle size of 11.99 nm with a uniform distribution of inner core structure, while a lower particle size explored that the surface to volume ratio is too high. The SAED denoted as (110), (11-1), (111), and (11-2) planes, which were revealed by XRD. The sharp ring spot pattern suggested that the synthesized CuO NCs were in a polycrystalline nature. The synthesized CuO NPs are completely pure and have an atomic mass of 79.89 % Cu and 20.11 % O, almost similar to the stoichiometry value. The crystallographic data confirm the efficient formation of highly crystalline and preferred growth of monoclinic CuO NPs, with an improved crystallinity of 47.48 %, surpassing the ICDD standard [04-012-7238] of 45.91 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Muntingia calabura fruits extract and its anticancer, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity","authors":"S. Sivakami ,&nbsp;V. Thangapushbam ,&nbsp;P. Rama ,&nbsp;M. Jothika ,&nbsp;R. Sundaram ,&nbsp;Natarajan Arumugam ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman I. Almansour ,&nbsp;Madhappan Santhamoorthy ,&nbsp;Karuppiah Muthu","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reported present work, eco-friendly green synthesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was carried out from silver ions using the aqueous extract of fresh <em>Muntingia calabura</em> fruits, and their biological and photocatalytic potentials was subsequently evaluated. The aqueous extract was initially analyzed to identify the presence/absence of primary phytochemicals. Silver ions were treated with the extract, and the successful synthesis of Ag NPs shows confirmed by the appearance of a surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 428 nm, as observed through UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The secondary oxidized flavonoids that serve as the capping and reducing agent of the built Ag NPs have been identified by preliminary phytochemical and FT-IR studies. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the Ag NPs were spherical in shape, with sizes ranging from approximately 5 to 30 nm.In-vitro tests of the synthesized Ag NPs shows the anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties revealed that they may be effective against traditional medicines. Using the MTT assay, the Ag NPs also showed cytotoxicity against the human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 cells. According to the MTT assay, the IC₅₀ values for Ag NPs were 189 ± 2.32 μg/ml compare with the negative control untreated cells.Ag NPs was demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity, degrading the environmentally degraded Basic Fuchsin dye in 30 min. This one-step, eco-friendly synthesis of Ag NPs ispresents a novel alternative to conventional chemical methods and holds potential applications in modern nanoscience and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ball milling jar geometry on MnO2 nanoparticle morphology and supercapacitor performance","authors":"Dadaso D. Mohite ,&nbsp;Sachin S. Chavan ,&nbsp;Prasad E. Lokhande ,&nbsp;P.B. Karandikar ,&nbsp;P.V. Londhe ,&nbsp;Udayabhaskar Rednam ,&nbsp;Waqqas Ahsan ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi B. Mohite","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of supercapacitors strongly depends on the structural and morphological characteristics of electrode materials. In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized through optimized ball milling, and their electrochemical behavior was systematically evaluated. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed to optimize four key milling parameters - jar shape, ball size, milling speed, and milling time - using mass density as the primary response. Structural analysis (XRD, FTIR) confirmed the formation of crystalline tetragonal MnO₂ with high phase purity, while SEM and EDS revealed nanoscale morphology and elemental uniformity. Among the parameters, ball size emerged as the most influential factor, followed by jar geometry, with the pentagonal jar enhancing particle refinement and compaction. These improvements translated into superior electrochemical performance, with the optimized MnO₂ electrode delivering a specific capacitance of 276.53 F g⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹ and retaining 80.52 % capacitance after 5000 cycles. The electrode exhibited a combination of EDLC-like and pseudocapacitive behavior, with Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ redox features confirming its charge storage mechanism. This study demonstrates that rational design of milling parameters, particularly jar geometry, can effectively tailor MnO₂ morphology and significantly enhance its supercapacitor performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive and selective sensing of H2S gas based on CuO–SnO2 nanocomposite","authors":"Sharad B. Patil ,&nbsp;Ganesh E. Patil ,&nbsp;Sarika D. Shinde ,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwari Y. Patil ,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar D. Kajale ,&nbsp;Fabian I. Ezema","doi":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cinorg.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of Cu/Sn atomic ratio on the structural, microstructural, electrical, and gas sensing properties of CuO–SnO₂ nanocomposite thin films synthesized via air-assisted spray pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a tetragonal SnO₂ phase and monoclinic CuO phase, with dominant diffraction peaks corresponding to (110), (101), (200), and (211) planes of SnO₂, along with (110) and (111) planes of CuO. The average crystallite sizes, calculated using the Scherrer formula, were found to be 26 nm, 30 nm, and 38 nm for samples with Cu/Sn atomic ratios of 0.54, 0.63, and 1.41 respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a direct correlation between Cu/Sn ratio and surface morphology. At a lower Cu/Sn ratio of 0.54, the films exhibited a dense structure with small, uniformly distributed grains, enhancing surface area and active sites for gas adsorption. At 0.63, grain growth increased moderately, balancing surface area and electrical conductivity. At the highest Cu/Sn ratio of 1.41, SEM images showed larger faceted grains with increased crystallinity and porosity, improving charge carrier mobility but reducing gas sensitivity due to a decreased active surface area. Elemental analysis (EDAX) confirmed the composition of Cu, Sn, and O in the films, with Cu (at%) increasing from 13.26 % to 16.69 % as the Cu/Sn ratio increased. Electrical conductivity measurements confirmed the semiconducting behavior of the films, with conductivity increasing with temperature. Gas sensing studies demonstrated that the Cu/Sn 50:50 composition exhibited the highest sensitivity to H₂S gas at 350°C, with a maximum response of 4590 at 50 ppm concentration. Response and recovery times were recorded as ∼60 s and ∼110 s, respectively. The enhanced gas sensing performance is attributed to optimized heterojunction formation between p-type CuO and n-type SnO₂, leading to improved charge carrier separation and sensor response. These findings underscore the crucial role of Cu/Sn ratio in tailoring film morphology and optimizing gas sensing performance. The study provides a foundation for developing high-performance metal oxide-based gas sensors with improved selectivity and response characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100233,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Inorganic Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}