Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional bamboo-derived carbon aerogels as low-carbon materials for CO2 capture, thermal insulation and photothermal conversion with flame retardant property","authors":"Sikui Chen ,&nbsp;Jiatong Yan ,&nbsp;Shaoqi Jiang ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Chuanxi Lin ,&nbsp;Shan Jiang ,&nbsp;Weijie Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Tang ,&nbsp;Ronghui Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of low-carbon materials has become a key research focus due to the rising CO₂ levels and global climate change. Carbon aerogels derived from renewable biomass, such as bamboo cellulose, offer promising solutions due to their high surface area, adjustable porosity, and lightweight thermal insulation properties. In this study, cellulose aerogels were synthesized by dissolving cellulose in an alkali-urea solution followed by freeze-drying. KOH-activated carbon aerogels were obtained via carbonization at 500 ℃ and activation at 800 ℃, achieving a specific surface area of 1900 m²/g, significantly higher than that of cellulose and carbon aerogels. CO₂ adsorption experiments showed that the activated carbon aerogel had a CO₂ uptake of 6.40 mmol/g at 0 ℃ and 3.54 mmol/g at 25 ℃. Isosteric heat of adsorption analysis indicated that adsorption enthalpy decreased with CO₂ uptake. The aerogel maintained 95 % of its initial adsorption efficiency after five cycles. It also exhibited excellent thermal insulation, with a 106 ℃ temperature difference at 200 ℃, photothermal properties, and fire resistance, remaining unignited after four minutes in an alcohol lamp. This study provides a paradigm for developing low-carbon materials with CO₂ adsorption, thermal insulation, photothermal, and flame retardant capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 504-514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking synergies in low-temperature co-liquefaction of food residues for biocrude production: Experimental and simulation insights into food waste valorisation","authors":"Oseweuba Valentine Okoro ,&nbsp;Violette Tondeur ,&nbsp;Lei Nie ,&nbsp;Armin Shavandi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising generation of food waste poses a significant environmental challenge but also presents opportunities for resource recovery and energy generation. This study explores the low-temperature hydrothermal co-liquefaction (HTcL) of beer spent grain (BSG) and apple pomace (AP) to produce biocrude, while emphasizing both experimental findings and simulation insights. Initial investigations utilized the Box-behnken design methodology to identify optimal conditions for temperature (120–280 °C), time (15–120 min), and solid load concentration (5–20 wt%) to maximize biocrude yields for each type of feedstock. The optimal conditions for BSG were determined to be 201.9 °C, 15 min, and 5 wt% solid concentration, yielding an average biocrude yield of 23.08 wt%. For AP, the optimal conditions were 217 °C, 15 min, and 5 wt% solid concentration, resulting in a mean biocrude yield of 13.58 wt%. The BSG and AP were then subjected to HTcL in varying mixture mass ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 under the determined distinct optimal conditions. The mixture of BSG and AP exhibited the highest synergistic effect factor of 0.11, with the associated biocrude and biochar products having energy densities of 31.2 MJ/kg and 25.74 MJ/kg, respectively. This experimental system served as the foundation for an ASPEN Plus-based scale-up simulation to evaluate the viability of the process at larger scales. The simulation results indicated that the scaled-up HTcL process could deliver both economic and environmental advantages, with higher processing capacities further enhancing overall performance. These findings enhance our understanding of thermochemical co-liquefaction processes and highlight the potential of food residue mixtures as viable feedstocks for biocrude production, paving the way for innovative waste-to-energy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 468-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-based model as a versatile tool towards advanced process control of the naphtha distillation unit","authors":"Sergey Stabrov ,&nbsp;Svetlana Shevlyagina","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the recent successes with low input data variability and soft sensor design under feed composition changes, this study proposes, among other things, the use of a physics-based approach to improve multivariable model predictive control (MPC) of naphtha distillation. Unlike the industrial settings, where the influence of other manipulated variables is difficult to exclude due to the actions of the human operator, a physically based modeling provides close to an ideal step-by-step and one-by-one testing of the chemical process, resulting in improved accuracy of the transfer function matrix used for MPC design. The proposed approach has been tested on canonical and alternative control schemes used in stabilized naphtha production. Importantly, the physics-based model resolved all the issues associated with unavailability to reach the set points in controlling the quality of end products when compared with MPC built on the industrial data only irrespective of the control scheme considered. As a result, the steady-state controllability analysis and the closed-loop process behavior highlight that an alternative control structure with transfer function matrix obtained on a physics-based model is a better choice for the industrial case study. Thus, the developed strategy for MPC design was approved as relevant for the cases when a preliminary control scheme requires an update or optimized control scheme without affecting production is of great demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of non-newtonian fluids in single screw extruders, Part I: Steady-state studies","authors":"T.M. Kousemaker ,&nbsp;A.I. Vakis ,&nbsp;F. Picchioni ,&nbsp;P. Druetta","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer extrusion is considered one of the key processes in product processing nowadays, and its optimization is considered of the utmost importance in order to deliver proper products minimizing the use of resources. This paper presents the first part of a complete CFD study of a 3D single screw extruder model. In order to do so, mass and heat transfer coupled non-Newtonian fluid models are considered in a novel approach, where a shear-thinning/-thickening temperature-depending rheology correlation is modeled in COMSOL Multiphysics to reproduce the processing of polymer solutions. In this first part, a series of steady-state studies are presented, analyzing the system behavior and sensitivity to the different parameters involved but considering as well its dynamic behavior. Steady-state studies show that using only shear-thinning models underestimates crucial parameters such as pressure, viscosity and thermal profile due to differences in the velocity field and viscous stress tensor. Furthermore, the screw’s influence in the heat transfer process cannot be considered negligible, since a recirculation circuit is created, which helps heating up the polymer entering into the barrel. This work provides important steps in further advances of 3D extrusion modeling processes by considering and evaluating more detailed physics and accurate boundary conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 25-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First techno-economic assessment of a monoethanolamine-based CO2 capture plant applied downstream the Electric Arc Furnace for steel production","authors":"José Maria M. Pires ,&nbsp;Stefania Moioli ,&nbsp;Laura A. Pellegrini","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme climate events, such as heatwaves and floods, are becoming increasingly recurrent and owe their existence to global warming, which has been triggered by uncontrolled atmospheric emissions of GreenHouse Gases (GHG) from various human activities. Apart from the energy sector, the industrial sector, to which the iron and steel industry belongs, ranks third in the top-five greatest anthropogenic CO₂ emitting sectors. One of the mostly employed technology for CO₂ removal from different gaseous streams is based on chemical absorption, with an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) considered as the benchmark solvent. This paper is the first work in the literature assessing the technical performance of a MEA-based post-combustion CO₂ capture system implemented downstream the electric arc furnace (EAF), which operates in non-steady-state conditions, at a mini-mill steel production plant and for which industrial application has recently become of interest for a cleaner steel production. A rate-based Aspen Plus® V11 model has been developed, for studying the best operating conditions for such plant via a parametric study. The effect of the lean solvent loading, α_LEAN, the absorber packing height, H_abs, the regenerator operating pressure, P_stp, and the regenerator packing height, H_stp, on user-defined key performance indicators (KPI) has been examined. These KPIs quantify the process performance in terms of the process requirements, thus enabling to select the best operating parameters. From all the KPIs, the thermal energy requirements (TER) at the reboiler was the one sought to be reduced the greatest. The CO₂ capture plant was initially designed under the assumption of a steady flue gas flowrate entering the absorber. This assumption was later revised, leading to a proposed modification of the conventional process scheme to enable flexible operation, making this technological solution feasible and suitable for full-scale industrial application. This modification allows the plant to accommodate variations in flue gas flowrate and composition due to the intermittent operation of the EAF plant. An economic analysis indicated that the cost of CO₂ removal is approximately 116$/tCO₂. This cost is competitive with the current cost of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) allowances. In the end, two possible scenarios for managing the captured CO₂ – utilization or storage – have been considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 247-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an air-flow sorting device for the enrichment of fine particles from fire scene residues","authors":"Yu Xia ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanbai Shen ,&nbsp;Zhiqian Xu ,&nbsp;Sikai Zhao ,&nbsp;Baoyu Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting cigarette ash in fire scene residues is crucial for determining the cause of fire disasters. Due to the extremely low concentration of cigarette ash, direct acid leaching and spectroscopic analysis are time-consuming and unreliable. This study developed an air-flow sorting device that combines centrifugal and fluidization technologies to pre-enrich cigarette ash, a significant lightweight material. To enhance the enrichment performance of the air-flow sorting device for cigarette ash, the study systematically investigated the impact of the rotary fluidized chamber's placement angle and cylinder height on the flow field characteristics and separation performance through numerical simulations and physical experiments. The results indicate that these parameters impact separation performance by affecting static pressure distribution, tangential velocity, axial velocity, and turbulence intensity. The optimum performance is attained when the rotary fluidized chamber's placement angle is inverted and the cylinder height measures 300 mm. At a fan frequency of 40 Hz, the pressure drop, yield, <em>d</em>₅₀, enrichment ratio, and recovery are 2460 Pa, 20.45 %, 25.71 μm, 4.2, and 78.71 %, respectively. The findings offer theoretical guidance for the structural design and optimization of practical equipment for cigarette ash enrichment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 66-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic modelling in pharmaceutical product and process development: A review of distributed and discrete approaches","authors":"Kensaku Matsunami ,&nbsp;Pedro Martin Salvador ,&nbsp;Luz Nadiezda Naranjo Gómez ,&nbsp;Gaia Sofia Comoli ,&nbsp;Isar Charmchi ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical product and process development is transitioning from traditional heuristics-based approaches to a Quality-by-Design (QbD) methodology, emphasising systematic process design and understanding of critical parameters. While Design of Experiments (DoE) is key for identifying critical process parameters, it has limitations in scalability and potential over-fitting. Detailed mechanistic or first-principles modelling, using distributed or discrete approaches, offers a promising tool for understanding complex, heterogeneous systems. This paper reviews the roles, opportunities, and challenges of detailed mechanistic modelling in pharmaceutical product and process development. The role of mechanistic models is first discussed from strategic, business, and regulatory perspectives. The workflow of mechanistic modelling is then described, consisting of model selection, calibration, validation, and maintenance. Case studies of key unit operation developments, such as wet granulation and fluidised bed system, are reviewed, highlighting process characteristics, model requirements, and application challenges. Proper model development and experimental design are essential to avoid pitfalls, such as limited applicability or excessive data requirements. Despite rising interest in machine-learning approaches, mechanistic modelling aligns well with data-driven methods, offering high-resolution process understanding and enabling optimal development with fewer experiments. This approach surpasses conventional trial-and-error methods, providing deeper insights and innovative solutions for pharmaceutical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 8-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heptafluorobutyl acetate: Heptafluorobutanol and isopropyl acetate reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst – chemistry, phase behavior, batch reactive distillation process","authors":"Andrei V. Polkovnichenko,&nbsp;Andrey A. Voshkin,&nbsp;Evgenia I. Kovaleva,&nbsp;Nikita A. Selivanov,&nbsp;Sergey Ya. Kvashnin,&nbsp;Egor V. Lupachev","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work studies the reaction between 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutan-1-ol (HFBol) and isopropyl acetate (IPAc) in the presence of an acidic catalyst in a mixing reactor and during the batch reactive distillation (BRD) process. The reaction products, identified using NMR and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, include 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl acetate (HFBAc), isopropanol (IPol), acetic acid (AAc), water, diisopropyl ether (IPEth), and heptafluorobutyl isopropyl ether (HFB-IPEth). The system undergoes the following reactions: the transesterification of HFBol and IPAc produces HFBAc and IPol; intermolecular dehydration of IPol and HFBol results in IPEth and HFB-IPEth, while AAc and IPol are formed through the hydration of IPAc. Additionally, the esterification reaction between AAc and HFBol occurs simultaneously, forming HFBAc and water. The study also examines the effects of temperature, pressure, initial reactant ratios, and catalyst concentration on the reaction kinetics, as well as the dynamic aspects of the BRD process. Relationships between conversion and selectivity values and process parameters are established. This article primarily focuses on fluorinated ester technology while also addressing the chemistry of IPol and related processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 95-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of water-oil emulsion stabilizers: Biopolymers, surfactants, and nanoparticles","authors":"Milad Rafiee ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ranjbar ,&nbsp;Mahin Schaffie","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emulsions play a vital role in various petroleum engineering applications, particularly in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Traditionally, surfactants and polymers have been used to achieve emulsion stability. This study explores the potential of natural, eco-friendly biopolymers as stabilizers and compares their performance with conventional surfactants and nanoparticles. The performances of agar (extracted from red algae) and pectin (derived from citrus peels) biopolymers were evaluated alongside the synthetic polymer FLOPAAM, surfactants Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Comprehensive analyses, including interfacial tension (IFT) measurements, wettability assessments, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and microscopic imaging, were conducted on the most stable emulsions. The results demonstrated that agar and pectin significantly enhanced emulsion stability. For example, an agar-stabilized emulsion (0.3 wt%) exhibited only 30 % water separation after one week at 70 °C. However, excessive agar concentrations induced instability. In contrast, pectin required a higher concentration (1 wt%) to produce fully stable emulsions. Emulsions prepared with distilled water exhibited greater stability than those made with seawater, and high-speed mechanical stirring further improved stability. Agar reduced the IFT from 32.96 mN/m to 22.25 mN/m, decreased the contact angle, and promoted a water-wet condition. Moreover, microscopic and DLS analyses revealed that agar significantly decreased the dispersed droplet size, with droplet diameters reducing from 1590 nm to 450 nm. These findings highlight the potential of agar and pectin as sustainable alternatives for enhancing emulsion stability in petroleum applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 40-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective separation of nicotine from tobacco extract by silica gel","authors":"Pengfei Lu ,&nbsp;Rongcheng Wu ,&nbsp;Guangwen Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high nicotine content in tobacco extract restricts its application in low-nicotine products. This study presents an economical and efficient methodology for the separation of nicotine using silica gel. The performances of static adsorption, dynamic separation, and regeneration were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that silica gel attained a maximum nicotine adsorption capacity of 73.23 mg/g and reached equilibrium within 30 minutes. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. When the water content of silica gel was 20.03 %, its adsorption capacity decreased by approximately 50 %. However, solvent elution and regeneration restored the adsorption capacity to over 95.7 % of that in the anhydrous state. EDS, FTIR, and XPS analyses revealed that the adsorption of nicotine by silica gel mainly depends on hydrogen bonding between surface hydroxyl groups and the pyridine nitrogen of nicotine, with a preferential interaction with the pyridine nitrogen, followed by the pyrrole nitrogen. The nicotine content in the eluted product exceeded 97.79 %, and the recovery rate reached 98.95 % when the silica gel column treatment volume was 6 mL/g. After five reuse cycles, the nicotine recovery rate slightly decreased to 92.15 %. This study provides a scalable and low-cost strategy for efficient nicotine separation, which has significant potential for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"217 ","pages":"Pages 502-513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}