Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal最新文献_第4页

Stress granule formation as a marker of cellular toxicity in lung organoids 应激颗粒形成作为肺类器官细胞毒性的标志

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e28

Seung-Yeon Kim, Kee K. Kim, Eun-Mi Kim

{"title":"Stress granule formation as a marker of cellular toxicity in lung organoids","authors":"Seung-Yeon Kim, Kee K. Kim, Eun-Mi Kim","doi":"10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e28","url":null,"abstract":"Cells regulate protein synthesis under stressful circumstances by forming cytoplasmic RNA granules, termed stress granules (SGs). SGs are membrane-less organelles that function as a protective mechanism in response to stress. They function through liquid-liquid phase separation, which is a vital process comprising 2 distinct de-mixed liquid phases. The components of SGs, such as G3BP1, can serve as biomarkers of cell toxicity. Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death globally. After the humidifier disinfectant disaster in Korea in 2011, social concerns over respiratory disease-related deaths have been raised, and the importance of inhalation toxicity testing has been emphasized. Traditionally, in vivo animal models have been used to assess inhalation toxicity, but these models still have limitations owing to physiological differences between species. To overcome these limitations, human immortalized lung epithelial and lung cancer cell lines have been used to evaluate lung toxicity in vitro. Human stem cell-derived 3-dimensional organoid technology has recently been developed in various research fields, including lung toxicity. This review discusses SG-related proteins as potential biomarkers for lung toxicity assessment, especially in human lung organoids under stress conditions, such as exposure to toxic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90490692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alveolar organoids: development of an in vitro assay to facilitate pulmonary toxicity assessments 肺泡类器官:一种促进肺毒性评估的体外测定方法的发展

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e31

Jooyeon Lee, Hyosin Baek, Seok-Ho Hong, Jong-Hee Lee, Seung-jun Wang, Ji Young Lee, Myung Ha Song, Se-Ran Yang

{"title":"Alveolar organoids: development of an in vitro assay to facilitate pulmonary toxicity assessments","authors":"Jooyeon Lee, Hyosin Baek, Seok-Ho Hong, Jong-Hee Lee, Seung-jun Wang, Ji Young Lee, Myung Ha Song, Se-Ran Yang","doi":"10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e31","url":null,"abstract":"Animal experiments have been performed to predict toxicity in humans in many fields, including toxicology, medicine, and pharmacology, and have contributed to increasing life expectancy. However, animal testing has been a controversial issue for over 100 years due to ethical concerns, and inter-species differences pose limitations for understanding human responses to toxicity. In recent years, many researchers have developed in vitro and in silico alternatives to using animals (e.g., 3-dimensional [3D] organoid culture, organs-on-a-chip, and advanced computer modeling). In this study, we generated 3D alveolar organoids (AOs) for pulmonary toxicity testing following exposure to chemicals, instead of animal models or two-dimensional culture of a single cell type. After human induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured with differentiation medium corresponding to each step for 14 days in 6-well plates, AOs were generated by forced aggregation and cultured with differentiation medium. The AOs were exposed to acrolein and sodium chromate for 24, 72, and 120 hours, and we determined the cytotoxicity of these chemicals using the MTT assay. Exposure to acrolein and sodium chromate for 24 hours decreased proliferation, but the organoid size did not change considerably. However, long-term exposure to acrolein and sodium chromate significantly decreased the organoid size. These findings suggest that AOs could facilitate acute toxicity assessments based on measurements of cell viability in AOs, as well as sub-chronic toxicity assessments based on measurements of both size and viability.","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82503287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of proximal tubule spheroids for nephrotoxicity assessment 近端小管球体的产生用于肾毒性评估

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e30

D. Kim, J. Lim, Cho-Rok Jung, H. Kang

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in multicellular human liver models 人类多细胞肝脏模型的最新进展

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e26

Seon Ju Mun, Jaeseo Lee, Yong-Moon Shin, Vincent Eun, Youngmi Ji, M. Son

引用次数: 0

Toward brain organoid-based precision medicine in neurodegenerative diseases 基于脑器官的神经退行性疾病精准医学研究

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e21

Jong-Chan Park, I. Mook-Jung

引用次数: 1

Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived adherent 3-dimensional skin hair-follicle organoids 人诱导多能干细胞衍生的贴壁三维皮肤毛囊类器官的生成

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e23

Mai Tran Thi Nhu, Ulziituya Batjargal, H. Song, Jin-Man Kim, I. Kwak, Byoung-San Moon

{"title":"Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived adherent 3-dimensional skin hair-follicle organoids","authors":"Mai Tran Thi Nhu, Ulziituya Batjargal, H. Song, Jin-Man Kim, I. Kwak, Byoung-San Moon","doi":"10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e23","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerating hair follicles (HFs) is a critical medical need for patients who suffer from serious hair loss. To generate equivalent hair-bearing skin systems that could mimic the complexity of native tissues with pluripotent stem cells, floating culture has been employed as a standard method; however, it is still necessary to improve limitations such as the heterogeneity of organoids and the difficulty of handling them, which increases during long-term culture. Here, we devise a floating-adherent combinatory culture system to establish skin HF organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Specifically, embryoid bodies were generated in a free-floating environment, followed by the induction process, which occurred in adherent conditions. With our approach, hair germ-like buds were shown to protrude and extend faster. After 100 days of culture, mature cystic skin organoids stratified to form the epidermis, dermis, and outer root sheath, as evident from quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis. Dermal condensate cells (Sox2+, PDGFRα+, P75+), which are the precursors of HFs, were detected together with HF stem cells (NFATC1+, LGR5+), putative bulge stem cells (LHX2+, KRT15+) and melanocytes (PMEL+). Notably, our constructed HFs could recapitulate the sensory function of native tissues, as illustrated by the formation of a network of sensory neurons and Schwann cells connecting towards HF cells and epidermal progenitors. In summary, our results demonstrate a new protocol for the simplified and efficient induction of skin HFs from hiPSCs, thereby contributing to research on optimizing HF growth and investigating novel therapeutic strategies to treat alopecia.","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87076794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methods to identify epithelial stem cells 鉴定上皮干细胞的方法

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e24

Youngtae Jeong

引用次数: 0

Negative regulation of CDKN1A by the histone methyltransferase EHMT2 for cell growth in colorectal cancer 组蛋白甲基转移酶EHMT2对结直肠癌细胞生长的负调控CDKN1A

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e20

Kwangho Kim, Dae-Soo Kim, M. Son, Hyun-Soo Cho

引用次数: 0

Clinical applications and optimization of patient-derived organoids in intestinal diseases 患者源性类器官在肠道疾病中的临床应用及优化

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e22

Tae Il Kim

引用次数: 0

A brain metastasis model for breast cancer using human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids 利用人胚胎干细胞衍生的脑类器官建立乳腺癌脑转移模型

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e25

M. Choe, M. Lee

{"title":"A brain metastasis model for breast cancer using human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids","authors":"M. Choe, M. Lee","doi":"10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is a common cause of brain metastasis. Although breast cancer has relatively high survival rates, its survival rate after metastasis to the brain is lower. Conventional two-dimensional cell culture models and animal models are widely used in metastatic cancer research, and these models have tremendously contributed to the understanding of this disease. However, these models have some limitations, such as different physiological features and genetic backgrounds.Methods: We established a simple metastatic breast cancer model using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids (COs)—in this case, breast cancer cerebral organoids (BC-COs).Results: Using the BC-CO model, we induced the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells into COs by co-culture of cells with COs and compared the differences between adapted cancer cells in BC-COs and non-adapted cells. Our results showed that the proliferative capacity increased in adapted cells. Additionally, the expression levels of endothelial-mesenchymal transition markers and cancer stem cells were significantly higher in adapted cancer cells.Conclusion: We conclude that metastasis promotes the metastatic capacity of breast cancer cells. Our results also showed that the BC-CO model could be a novel tool for research on brain metastasis in breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":100198,"journal":{"name":"Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78723764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0