Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90076-V

J.Q. Yan, K.V. Lo, P.H. Liao

引用次数: 20

Anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater: I. Start-up and sodium molybdate addition 面包酵母废水的厌氧处理:1、启动及钼酸钠的添加

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90065-R

K.V. Lo, P.H. Liao

{"title":"Anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater: I. Start-up and sodium molybdate addition","authors":"K.V. Lo, P.H. Liao","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90065-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90065-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater was studied using an anaerobic biological contact reactor (AnRBC) and a fixed-film reactor. The AnRBC had an active biomass developed within the reactor before this study commenced; however, the fixed-film reactor was started without attached biomass in a support structure. The gas production rates obtained for the AnRBC were between 0·55 and 0·61 litre methane per litre reactor per day. However, a gas production rate of only 0·46 litre methane per litre reactor per day was achieved after a four-month operating period for the fixed-film reactor. Higher chemical oxygen demand reduction was also found in the AnRBC. The results indicated that the presence of high sulfate concentration in baker's yeast wastewater affected teh start-up process. The reactor with fully developed active biomass was less susceptible to sulfate inhibition and showed improved anaerobic digestion. Results indicate that the reactor should be innoculated by feeding nutrient-balanced substrate before it was subjected to the digestion of baker's yeast wastewater. The fixed-film reactor was also fed with the substrate contianing sodium molybdate, an inhibitor of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results indicated that both methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria were inhibited.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90065-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76334554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction to transportation fuels 生物质直接液化生产运输燃料的技术经济评价

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90021-B

D.C. Elliott , E.G. Baker , D. Beckman , Y. Solantausta , V. Tolenhiemo , S.B. Gevert , C. Hörnell , A. Östman , B. Kjellström

{"title":"Technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction to transportation fuels","authors":"D.C. Elliott , E.G. Baker , D. Beckman , Y. Solantausta , V. Tolenhiemo , S.B. Gevert , C. Hörnell , A. Östman , B. Kjellström","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90021-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90021-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This paper discusses the results of a technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction processes converting wood to gasoline and diesel fuels. The study was carried out by the Working Group of the International Energy Agency Direct Biomass Liquefaction Activity, in which Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the US participated. The processes chosen for detailed analysis were Atmospheric Flash Pyrolysis (AFP) and Liquefaction In Pressurized Solvent (LIPS). The assessment covered three steps for each process from feed to final product: <ul><li>1.1. primary liquefaction to a crude oil product,</li><li>2.2. catalytic hydrotreating to upgrade the crude product to a deoxygenated product oil,</li><li>3.3. refining the deoxygenated product to gasoline and diesel fuel.</li></ul>Present technology cases and potential future technology cases were evaluated. A consistent analytical basis was used throughout to allow comparison of the processes. This assessment shows that AFP is more economical than LIPS both for the production of boiler fuel oil as the primary liquefaction product and for the production of gasoline and diesel fuel products. The potential for future cost reduction through research and development is also clearly demonstrated.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 251-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90021-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86738232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Contents of volume 21 第21卷内容

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90081-T

引用次数: 0

Analysis of sub-microgram quantities of cellodextrins by aqueous liquid chromatography using a differential refractometer 用差示折射仪用水液相色谱法分析亚微克量的纤维素糊精

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90039-M

A.N. Pereira, K.L. Kohlmann, M.R. Ladishh

{"title":"Analysis of sub-microgram quantities of cellodextrins by aqueous liquid chromatography using a differential refractometer","authors":"A.N. Pereira, K.L. Kohlmann, M.R. Ladishh","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90039-M","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90039-M","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The analysis of water-soluble cellodextrins using liquid chromatography is readily achieved with a variety of packings. Direct injection of enzyme incubation mixtures allows quantitation of 10 mM cellodextrins in hydrolysis mixtures, resulting in a method which is useful for kinetic studies. Reported here are operating procedures for a 4% cross-linked, styrene-divinyl benzene cation exchanger (Aminex 50W-X4 (Bio Rad Lab., Griffin, CA, USA), 20–30 μm particle size) in the Ca++ form, packed in a column of dimensions 6 mm i.d. × 60 cm long. Using this column, resolution of the cellodextrins, celloheptaose through cellobiose and glucose was possible with 91 mM H2SO4 as the eluent. Requirements of the separation system included use of a pulsation free syringe pump to minimize baseline fluctuations, the use of Ca++ as the counterion to give a column operational life of 500–1000 injections, and injection of sample volumes of up to 25 μL. cellodextrins were quantified at sub-microgram (nmole) levels using a differential refractometer as the detector. Examples of this technique for analysis of the acid hydrolysis of cellodextrins and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellodextrins and carboxymethylcellulose are described.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 307-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90039-M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81937367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mechanization of the operational aspects of short-rotation forestry 短期轮作林业作业方面的机械化

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90011-8

Nels S. Christopherson, James A. Mattson

引用次数: 3

Voluntary standards for biomass for fuels and chemicals 燃料和化学品用生物质自愿性标准

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90027-H

Thomas A. Milne

引用次数: 1

Influence of phenolics on biomass production by Candida utilis and Candida albicans 酚类物质对实用念珠菌和白色念珠菌生物量的影响

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90032-F

Mária Mikulášová , Štefan Vodný , Alexandra Pekarovičová