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Methane fermentation of selected lignocellulosic materials 精选木质纤维素材料的甲烷发酵
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90075-U
Xinggang Tong, Laurence H. Smith, Perry L. McCarty
{"title":"Methane fermentation of selected lignocellulosic materials","authors":"Xinggang Tong,&nbsp;Laurence H. Smith,&nbsp;Perry L. McCarty","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90075-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90075-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seven lignocellulosic materials: corn stover, napier grass, wood grass, newspaper, white fir and wheat straw from two different crops; two pure cellulosics: Solka Floc BW200 and Whatman No. 5 filter paper; and glucose, propionic and acetic acids were subjected to long-term batch methane fermentation. Ninety per cent of the original COD was recovered as methane gas from the two pure cellulosics and glucose. For the lignocellulosics, depending on the material, variations from over 80% conversion efficiency to methane for corn stover to less than 10% for white fir were observed. Generally, herbaceous materials were degraded faster and more extensively than woody biomass. A first-order rate model described well the methane fermentation process for the lignocellulosics tested, but was a poor model for the soluble substrates. It was not possible to predict either the biodegradability or the rate of methane fermentation with a reasonable degree of accuracy based solely on the lignin content of the lignocellulosic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 239-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90075-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79744337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 231
Anaerobic digestibility of two processed municipal-solid-waste materials 两种处理过的城市固体废物的厌氧消化率
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90059-S
Christopher J. Rivard, Todd B. Vinzant, William S. Adney, Karel Grohmann, Michael E. Himmel
{"title":"Anaerobic digestibility of two processed municipal-solid-waste materials","authors":"Christopher J. Rivard,&nbsp;Todd B. Vinzant,&nbsp;William S. Adney,&nbsp;Karel Grohmann,&nbsp;Michael E. Himmel","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90059-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90059-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Municipal solid waste (MSW) has been demonstrated to be highly heterogeneous in composition and poses a significant disposal problem. Processing MSW recycles important materials such as aluminum, ferrous metals, and glass, as well as decreasing the heterogeneity. The composition and anaerobic digestibility of products from two different MSW processing operations were compared. Compositions of the two processed MSW materials were found to be similar, with cellulose constituting approximately 50% by weight. This processed MSW was determined to be nutritionally deficient for stable anaerobic-digestion studies. Adding synthetic formulations or pre-anaerobically digested municipal sewage sludge to the processed MSW supplies adequate nutrients for stable anaerobic digestion. The anaerobic digestibility of the two processed MSW feedstocks was compared using laboratory-scale semi-continuously stirred tank reactors. Using the synthetic or pre-digested sludge nutrient additions, at retention times of 14–20 days, resulted in similar digestion performance and 67–81% digestion of the biodegradable cellulose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 201-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90059-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84745617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Analytical methodology for biomass pretreatment — part 1: Solid residues 生物质预处理的分析方法。第1部分:固体残留物
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I
Jean Bouchard, Thuc S. Nguyen, Esteban Chornet, Ralph P. Overend
{"title":"Analytical methodology for biomass pretreatment — part 1: Solid residues","authors":"Jean Bouchard,&nbsp;Thuc S. Nguyen,&nbsp;Esteban Chornet,&nbsp;Ralph P. Overend","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Populus deltoides</em> was pretreated using a steam/aqueous thermomechanical process in which shear forces are applied by rapid passage of medium-consistency slurries through homogenizing valves. In this first paper, the characterization of the residual wood fractions by standard, thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) and spectroscopic (diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared) methods are presented. The results was discussed in terms of the effect of the severity of the treatment of the macrostructure of the different wood polymers. An evaluation of standard (ASTM) methods for quantification of these polymers is presented and correction procedures are proposed to validate the use of standard methods as applied to treated samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 243-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89530370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Combustion Safety 燃烧安全
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90022-C
Helge Rosvold, Morten Fossum, Erling Østerbø
{"title":"Combustion Safety","authors":"Helge Rosvold,&nbsp;Morten Fossum,&nbsp;Erling Østerbø","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90022-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90022-C","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objectives of the Combustion Safety project are to obtain an overview of the safety regulations in the participating countries concerning the use of woodfired heating boilers. The activity has revealed that there are several problems associated with combustion conditions and safety aspects of these systems. The boilers must be tested for different types of solid fuels at various operating conditions. A test procedure and test rig for dynamic testing of woodfired heating boilers is necessary. A discussion is made on the limitation of test parameters as fuels, exhaust gas temperatures, emissions, expansion systems and test equipment. It is possible to develop a dynamic test rig for woodheating boilers by combining test equipment and computer simulation programmes from the participating countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 271-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90022-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138232669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Production of microbial protein from forest products 从林产品中生产微生物蛋白
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G
Juanita Freer, Graciela Palma, Jaime Baeza, Victoriano Campos, Erika Salas, André Ferraz, Nelson Durán
{"title":"Production of microbial protein from forest products","authors":"Juanita Freer,&nbsp;Graciela Palma,&nbsp;Jaime Baeza,&nbsp;Victoriano Campos,&nbsp;Erika Salas,&nbsp;André Ferraz,&nbsp;Nelson Durán","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of single cell proteins produced by <em>Chrysonilia sitophila</em> (TFB-27441 strain) with tannin, phlobaphene, bark and lignocellulosic material from <em>Pinus radiata</em> D. Don was made. The amino acids content and its quality were measured by their ratios of individual amino acids to total essential amino acids (A/E ratio) and total essential amino acids to total amino acids (E/T ratio). The values obtained were similar to those of egg and casein proteins. The same trends in the chemical scores were observed. The results of this study indicate that amino acids profiles obtained using bark components as substrates underwent some modification, but in general the obtained proteins could be considered as of excellent quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75298739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Nutritional consequences of intensive forest harvesting on site productivity 集约化森林采伐对立地生产力的营养影响
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C
W.J. Dyck, C.A. Mees
{"title":"Nutritional consequences of intensive forest harvesting on site productivity","authors":"W.J. Dyck,&nbsp;C.A. Mees","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting the effects of harvesting practices on long-term site productivity is crucial if we are to manage forests for sustained yield. Long-term field trials are required to accurately determined the consequences of various harvesting practices, and the information from such trials should be extended to other sites through computer models or site classification systems. However, the use of computer models by forest managers is currently limited by our lack of knowledge of several key processes that influence site productivity, and there is an urgent need for more research on these processes. Site classification systems have potential application for extending results from empirical field trials and process studies, and should be considered for use as management tools. International collaborative research projects provide excellent mechanisms to rapidly advance our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics and to enhance our ability to predict the consequences of harvesting practices on long-term site productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 171-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81560959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Development of standardized evaluation methods for harvesting machines and systems 开发收割机器和系统的标准化评估方法
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E
W.B. Stuart
{"title":"Development of standardized evaluation methods for harvesting machines and systems","authors":"W.B. Stuart","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This effort, supported by Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, and the US, pursued three approaches to the problem of evaluating harvesting machines in terms which could serve international clientele. The first, rationalizing work study and reporting processes, documented and compared measures of interest among a varied set of countries. The second focused on modeling and analytical approaches to develop comparable criteria. The third brought together 40 specialists from around the world in two workshops to discuss the impact of 10 factors which shape national perspectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 195-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84749207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of biomass quality research relevant to the use of poplar and willow for energy conversion 杨柳能源转化相关生物质质量研究综述
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P
W.A. Kenney, L. Sennerby-Forsse, P. Layton
{"title":"A review of biomass quality research relevant to the use of poplar and willow for energy conversion","authors":"W.A. Kenney,&nbsp;L. Sennerby-Forsse,&nbsp;P. Layton","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been recognized that the chemical and physical properties of biomass feedstocks can play an important role in the efficiency of most energy conversion processes. These properties include the ratio of bark to wood, moisture content, specific gravity, calorific or heating value, and the relative content of extractives, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.</p><p>A review of the literature dealing with the quality of poplar and willow biomass feedstock for energy conversion revealed that considerable variation existed in many of these traits. This variation may make it possible to improve the quality of feedstock through breeding and selection.</p><p>Little information exists with respect to heritability (both in the broad sense and narrow sense), the genetic correlation between characters, and the presence of genotype-environment interaction. A better understanding of these parameters is essential if the apparent variability is to be used to improve biomass quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 163-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 83
Modeling pyrolysis oil production in an entrained-flow reactor 在带流反应器中模拟热解产油
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J
C.W. Gorton, R.J. Kovac, J.A. Knight, T.I. Nygaard
{"title":"Modeling pyrolysis oil production in an entrained-flow reactor","authors":"C.W. Gorton,&nbsp;R.J. Kovac,&nbsp;J.A. Knight,&nbsp;T.I. Nygaard","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental oil yields obtained from the operation of an entrained-flow pyrolysis reactor using oak as the feed are presented. In addition, a model of the reactor based on the numerical solution of simultaneous differential equations is discussed. Model predictions for oil yields are given and compared with experimental results. Although the maximum oil yield for all experimental runs reported is 51%, the model indicates that oil yields as high as 60% are possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85099858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater: II. Sulfate removal 面包酵母废水的厌氧处理:2。硫酸去除
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q
K.V. Lo, A. Chen, P.H. Liao
{"title":"Anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater: II. Sulfate removal","authors":"K.V. Lo,&nbsp;A. Chen,&nbsp;P.H. Liao","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of sulfate removal from molasses wastewater on anaerobic digestion was studied using two reactors. One was an anaerobic rotating biological contact reactor with an active biomass developed on its support structure before the experiment commenced. The other was a new fixed-film reactor which was started without attached biomass. The experimental results showed that sulfate removal from the wastewater did not improve the gas production and treatment efficiency of the AnRBC reactor. This observation indicated that sulfate-reducing bacteria could not compete with methane-producing bacteria in a well-established active biomass reactor. However, the FF reactor showed significant improvement in gas production (0·17–0·66 liters CH<sub>4</sub> liter<sup>−1</sup>) and COD reduction (maximum of 44%) as a result of sulfate removal coupled with pH adjustment. Thus, the initial step of sulfate removal from molasses wastewater would appear to be essential to start up a reactor without well-developed biomass in order to enhance the slow-growing methanogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76549802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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