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Genetic improvement of willows for energy plantations 能源林用杨柳的遗传改良
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90005-5
Louis Zsuffa
{"title":"Genetic improvement of willows for energy plantations","authors":"Louis Zsuffa","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90005-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90005-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seven countries participated in the 3-year programme (1986–1988) of the Willow Breeding Activity, Task 2 of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement. The objectives of the activity were to facilitate the development of superior, high yielding willow clones for energy plantations by (a) exchange of genetic stock, (b) exchange of information on breeding studies, and (c) joint actions. The results of this cooperative activity are discussed accordingly. Significant achievements are in (a) enrichment of the genetic stock, especially of North American willow species; (b) evaluation and stimulation of genetic studies and breeding programmes; and (c) joint actions on disease surveys, clonal identification problems, joint testing methods and willow feedstock qualities for energy conversion. The development of high yielding stock (30 odt/ha per year or more) seems to be within reach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90005-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82534428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Mechanization of the operational aspects of short-rotation forestry 短期轮作林业作业方面的机械化
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90011-8
Nels S. Christopherson, James A. Mattson
{"title":"Mechanization of the operational aspects of short-rotation forestry","authors":"Nels S. Christopherson,&nbsp;James A. Mattson","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90011-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90011-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The International Energy Agency (IEA) has recognized the importance of the proper use of current technologies in researching the concept of biomass as a renewable energy source. An early program included one project that dealt entirely with the mechanization of harvesting trees grown under short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) forestry. The Bioenergy Agreement that ended 31 December 1988 expanded this involvement with mechanization by creating a separate Activity called ‘Production Technology’. This Activity investigated the current state of technology for establishing, managing and harvesting SRIC forests or plantations. Five countries participated: Canada, Denmark, Sweden, the UK, and the US. Several workshops were held, and a final joint project evolved. As the final effort, a ‘Sourcebook’ of Production Technology will be made available. A summary of the main findings is provided here. This document will be published by the IEA and updated in future years as needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90011-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91143844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Analytical methodology for biomass pretreatment — part 1: Solid residues 生物质预处理的分析方法。第1部分:固体残留物
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I
Jean Bouchard, Thuc S. Nguyen, Esteban Chornet, Ralph P. Overend
{"title":"Analytical methodology for biomass pretreatment — part 1: Solid residues","authors":"Jean Bouchard,&nbsp;Thuc S. Nguyen,&nbsp;Esteban Chornet,&nbsp;Ralph P. Overend","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Populus deltoides</em> was pretreated using a steam/aqueous thermomechanical process in which shear forces are applied by rapid passage of medium-consistency slurries through homogenizing valves. In this first paper, the characterization of the residual wood fractions by standard, thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) and spectroscopic (diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared) methods are presented. The results was discussed in terms of the effect of the severity of the treatment of the macrostructure of the different wood polymers. An evaluation of standard (ASTM) methods for quantification of these polymers is presented and correction procedures are proposed to validate the use of standard methods as applied to treated samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 243-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90035-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89530370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Production of microbial protein from forest products 从林产品中生产微生物蛋白
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G
Juanita Freer, Graciela Palma, Jaime Baeza, Victoriano Campos, Erika Salas, André Ferraz, Nelson Durán
{"title":"Production of microbial protein from forest products","authors":"Juanita Freer,&nbsp;Graciela Palma,&nbsp;Jaime Baeza,&nbsp;Victoriano Campos,&nbsp;Erika Salas,&nbsp;André Ferraz,&nbsp;Nelson Durán","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of single cell proteins produced by <em>Chrysonilia sitophila</em> (TFB-27441 strain) with tannin, phlobaphene, bark and lignocellulosic material from <em>Pinus radiata</em> D. Don was made. The amino acids content and its quality were measured by their ratios of individual amino acids to total essential amino acids (A/E ratio) and total essential amino acids to total amino acids (E/T ratio). The values obtained were similar to those of egg and casein proteins. The same trends in the chemical scores were observed. The results of this study indicate that amino acids profiles obtained using bark components as substrates underwent some modification, but in general the obtained proteins could be considered as of excellent quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90033-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75298739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater: II. Sulfate removal 面包酵母废水的厌氧处理:2。硫酸去除
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q
K.V. Lo, A. Chen, P.H. Liao
{"title":"Anaerobic treatment of baker's yeast wastewater: II. Sulfate removal","authors":"K.V. Lo,&nbsp;A. Chen,&nbsp;P.H. Liao","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of sulfate removal from molasses wastewater on anaerobic digestion was studied using two reactors. One was an anaerobic rotating biological contact reactor with an active biomass developed on its support structure before the experiment commenced. The other was a new fixed-film reactor which was started without attached biomass. The experimental results showed that sulfate removal from the wastewater did not improve the gas production and treatment efficiency of the AnRBC reactor. This observation indicated that sulfate-reducing bacteria could not compete with methane-producing bacteria in a well-established active biomass reactor. However, the FF reactor showed significant improvement in gas production (0·17–0·66 liters CH<sub>4</sub> liter<sup>−1</sup>) and COD reduction (maximum of 44%) as a result of sulfate removal coupled with pH adjustment. Thus, the initial step of sulfate removal from molasses wastewater would appear to be essential to start up a reactor without well-developed biomass in order to enhance the slow-growing methanogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90071-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76549802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Nutritional consequences of intensive forest harvesting on site productivity 集约化森林采伐对立地生产力的营养影响
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C
W.J. Dyck, C.A. Mees
{"title":"Nutritional consequences of intensive forest harvesting on site productivity","authors":"W.J. Dyck,&nbsp;C.A. Mees","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting the effects of harvesting practices on long-term site productivity is crucial if we are to manage forests for sustained yield. Long-term field trials are required to accurately determined the consequences of various harvesting practices, and the information from such trials should be extended to other sites through computer models or site classification systems. However, the use of computer models by forest managers is currently limited by our lack of knowledge of several key processes that influence site productivity, and there is an urgent need for more research on these processes. Site classification systems have potential application for extending results from empirical field trials and process studies, and should be considered for use as management tools. International collaborative research projects provide excellent mechanisms to rapidly advance our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics and to enhance our ability to predict the consequences of harvesting practices on long-term site productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 171-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90015-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81560959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Dry weight partitioning among 36 open-pollinated red alder families 36个开放授粉红桤木科干重分配
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90044-K
Donal D. Hook , Dean S. DeBell , Alan Ager , Daniel Johnson
{"title":"Dry weight partitioning among 36 open-pollinated red alder families","authors":"Donal D. Hook ,&nbsp;Dean S. DeBell ,&nbsp;Alan Ager ,&nbsp;Daniel Johnson","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90044-K","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90044-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Six trees of each of 36 red alder (<em>Alnus rubra</em> Bong.) open-pollinated families were harvested from a genetic test plantation in September of the second field season and analyzed for growth and dry weight partitioning. Families from elevations greater than 300 m were significantly shorter than from those below 300 m and tended to be in intermediate or suppressed positions in the plantation canopy. Families from the most southerly drainage system, Santiam, were smaller than those from the more northerly drainages. When low elevation families (those from less than 300 m; 24 of the 36 families met this criterion) were analyzed separately, no statistically significant variation was found among the growth traits. In contrast, significant family variation was found in all of the dry weight partitioning traits and relative crown class. Family heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) values for low elevation families varied from 0·00 to 0·39 for growth traits and from 0·39 to 0·69 for dry weight partitioning traits. At this age and stage of plantation development, there seemed to be more variation in dry weight partitioning than growth of low elevation red alder families. Family means of the dry partitioning traits varied from as little as 5% to as much as 20% around the population means; hence, it appears that variation in some partitioning traits is large enough to be of practical significance in breeding and tree improvement programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 11-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90044-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90813000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A review of biomass quality research relevant to the use of poplar and willow for energy conversion 杨柳能源转化相关生物质质量研究综述
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P
W.A. Kenney, L. Sennerby-Forsse, P. Layton
{"title":"A review of biomass quality research relevant to the use of poplar and willow for energy conversion","authors":"W.A. Kenney,&nbsp;L. Sennerby-Forsse,&nbsp;P. Layton","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been recognized that the chemical and physical properties of biomass feedstocks can play an important role in the efficiency of most energy conversion processes. These properties include the ratio of bark to wood, moisture content, specific gravity, calorific or heating value, and the relative content of extractives, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.</p><p>A review of the literature dealing with the quality of poplar and willow biomass feedstock for energy conversion revealed that considerable variation existed in many of these traits. This variation may make it possible to improve the quality of feedstock through breeding and selection.</p><p>Little information exists with respect to heritability (both in the broad sense and narrow sense), the genetic correlation between characters, and the presence of genotype-environment interaction. A better understanding of these parameters is essential if the apparent variability is to be used to improve biomass quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 163-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90063-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 83
Development of standardized evaluation methods for harvesting machines and systems 开发收割机器和系统的标准化评估方法
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E
W.B. Stuart
{"title":"Development of standardized evaluation methods for harvesting machines and systems","authors":"W.B. Stuart","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This effort, supported by Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, and the US, pursued three approaches to the problem of evaluating harvesting machines in terms which could serve international clientele. The first, rationalizing work study and reporting processes, documented and compared measures of interest among a varied set of countries. The second focused on modeling and analytical approaches to develop comparable criteria. The third brought together 40 specialists from around the world in two workshops to discuss the impact of 10 factors which shape national perspectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 195-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90017-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84749207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling pyrolysis oil production in an entrained-flow reactor 在带流反应器中模拟热解产油
Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J
C.W. Gorton, R.J. Kovac, J.A. Knight, T.I. Nygaard
{"title":"Modeling pyrolysis oil production in an entrained-flow reactor","authors":"C.W. Gorton,&nbsp;R.J. Kovac,&nbsp;J.A. Knight,&nbsp;T.I. Nygaard","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental oil yields obtained from the operation of an entrained-flow pyrolysis reactor using oak as the feed are presented. In addition, a model of the reactor based on the numerical solution of simultaneous differential equations is discussed. Model predictions for oil yields are given and compared with experimental results. Although the maximum oil yield for all experimental runs reported is 51%, the model indicates that oil yields as high as 60% are possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90043-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85099858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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