Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90069-V

Micha Guy, Gila Granoth, Joseph Gale

{"title":"Cultivation of Lemma gibba under desert conditions. II: The effect of raised winter temperature, CO2 enrichment and shading on productivity","authors":"Micha Guy, Gila Granoth, Joseph Gale","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90069-V","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90069-V","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The aim of this work was to increase the productivity of Lemna gibba ponds under desert conditions. In the winter season, the ponds were covered with transparent plastic tents which raised water temperature. This also allowed CO2 to be added to the air in the tents to either the ambient, ∼ 340 μmol−1, or to higher concentrations. The plastic covers attenuated photosynthetically active light by ∼ 30%. Winter-season yields in the covered ponds, maintained at ambient CO2 concentration, were 39% higher than in the uncovered ponds. This could be ascribed to raised temperatures. Enrichment of the atmosphere with CO2 further increased yields by as much as 28%. The different treatments did not affect protein content expressed as a percentage of dry weight. Laboratory experiments indicated that the shorter the photoperiod the larger is the growth response of Lemna gibba to CO2 enrichment.Shading of the ponds during the June–August summer season reduced pond temperatures at midday by about 5–6°C and resulted in a 30–80% increase of growth.It was concluded that under desert conditions similar to those prevailing in this trial, high yields of Lemna gibba can be achieved throughout a growing season of 12 months per year by covering the ponds and raising ambient [CO2] during the winter, and by shading in summer. Productivity of 7·4±1·0 g m−2 day−1 can be maintained throughout the year. Whether or not it is worthwhile to do so is a question of local economics.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90069-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85660598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Cultivation of Lemna gibba under desert conditions. I: Twelve months of continuous cultivation in open ponds 沙漠条件下长臂猿的栽培。1:在露天池塘里连续栽培12个月

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90055-O

Micha Guy, Gila Granoth, Joseph Gale

引用次数: 8

Continuous ethanol production by yeast immobilized on to channeled alumina beads 固定化酵母在通道氧化铝珠上连续生产乙醇

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q

M.K. Hamdy, K. Kim, C.A. Rudtke

{"title":"Continuous ethanol production by yeast immobilized on to channeled alumina beads","authors":"M.K. Hamdy, K. Kim, C.A. Rudtke","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Vertical and near-horizontal (15° angle) packed-bed columns were compared for continuous ethanol fermentation using an alcohol- and glucose-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain immobilized on to channeled alumina beads (5·0 × 109 cells g−1 beads). Spaces between beads (1·0–6·5 mm) and angle (15°) of near-horizontal reactor columns (with six ports in each) efficiently removed CO2 and increased ethanol productivity. Malt-glucose-yeast-extract broth containing 16·7% glucose at 35°C fed at a dilution rate of 3· h−1 to thw two horizontal columns (in series) yielded maximum ethanol productivity of 40·0 g liter−1 h−1. Feedstock flow rate and other factors (temperature, pH, nutrients, and glucose levels) affected productivities. The immobilized-cell system showed operational stability for >3 months without plugging, and could be stored for at least one year with no loss of bioreactor performance. Scanning electron micrographs of the beads revealed large numbers of yeast-cells attached on to internal and external surfaces of beads.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 189-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73051535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Ecological study of an Indian village ecosystem: Biomass production and consumption 印度乡村生态系统的生态学研究:生物质生产和消费

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90030-N

Surendra K. Nisanka, Malaya K. Misra

引用次数: 14

Influence of lignin on the methanization of lignocellulosic wastes 木质素对木质纤维素废弃物甲烷化的影响

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90046-M

S. Jimenez, M.C. Cartagena, A. Arce

引用次数: 27

Study of the molecular weight of bark extracts and products of their reaction with formaldehyde 树皮提取物及其与甲醛反应产物的分子量研究

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90048-O

Chia M. Chen, Y. Hatano

{"title":"Study of the molecular weight of bark extracts and products of their reaction with formaldehyde","authors":"Chia M. Chen, Y. Hatano","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90048-O","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90048-O","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The molecular weights of sodium hydroxide extracts of various barks were determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Products of these bark extracts were then obtained by allowing those extracts to react with formaldehyde or with formaldehyde and phenol. Following this, the molecular weight of the products were determined to investigate their reactivity.The molecular weight and reactivities of bark extracts toward formaldehyde differed with respect to species and extraction conditions. Reactivity was improved by adjusting the pH of reaction mixture before the reaction. After reacting with formaldehyde, bark extracts of high temperature extraction decreased their molecular weight, whereas those of low temperature extraction decreased their molecular weight; however, the molecular weight of low temperature extracts increased by adjusting the pH of the extracts to the same level as the high temperature extracts before the reaction. The chromatogram of acetylated samples obtained from three reactants (southern pine bark extracts, formaldehyde and phenol) shifted toward the higher molecular weight side, as compared to that of extracts before reaction.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90048-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79377335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The contribution of biomass to global energy use (1987) 生物质对全球能源使用的贡献(1987年)

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90049-P

J.M.O. Scurlock, D.O. Hall

引用次数: 61

Biological upgrading of dilute ethanol streams to acetaldehyde for low-temperature recovery 低温回收稀乙醇流乙醛的生物升级

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90061-N

William D. Murray, Sheldon J.B. Duff, Patricia H. Lanthier

引用次数: 8

Prediction of performance of acid hydrolysis in a cyclone reactor 旋流反应器酸水解性能预测

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90040-Q

H.C. Chen, H.E. Grethlein