Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X

R.M. Cody , N.D. Davis , J. Lin , D. Shaw

{"title":"Screening microorganisms for chitin hydrolysis and production of ethanol from amino sugars","authors":"R.M. Cody , N.D. Davis , J. Lin , D. Shaw","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Seventy-two strains of bacteria representing 39 genera and one yeast (Candida albicans) were screened for ability to hydrolyze chitin. Chitin hydrolysis was determined by a clear zone surrounding colonies growing on the surface of chitin agar. Species with the largest clear zone to colony size (CZ/CS) ratio were further compared for chitinolysis by assaying the level of reducing sugar produced in broth culture. Three yeasts and one bacterial strain known to produce ethanol from glucose were compared for their abilities to produce ethanol from amino sugars. Of the 72 strains screened, 23 produced CZ/CS ratios ranging from 0·38 to 2·5. The highest ratios were observed for strains in the genera: Bacillus and Serratia, followed by Micrococcus, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Clostridium and Plesiomonas. The other species examined produced ratios of less than 1 or were unable to hydrolyze chitin.Hansenula anomala, Pachysolen tannophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Zymomonas mobilis were compared for their abilities to grow on and produce ethanol from glucose, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). Saccharomyces cerevisiae and H. anomala produced ethanol only from glucose. Pachysolen tannophilus and Z. mobilis produced ethanol from glucose, glucosamine and NAG. The highest concentration of ethanol produced from amino sugar was 598 μg ml−1 from 10 mg ml−1 glucosamine by Z. mobilis. This level was achieved only when yeast extract was included in the medium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not grow on glucosamine and Z. mobilis did not grow well on NAG.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 285-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73438805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

A survey of thermochemical biomass processing activities 热化学生物质加工活动综述

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90023-D

A.V. Bridgwater

引用次数: 12

Biomass yield and nutrient removal by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as influenced by harvesting frequency 收获频率对水葫芦生物量产量和养分去除的影响

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L

K.R. Reddy, E.M. D'Angelo

{"title":"Biomass yield and nutrient removal by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as influenced by harvesting frequency","authors":"K.R. Reddy, E.M. D'Angelo","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effects of harvesting frequency on productivity, nutrient storage and uptake, and detritus accumulation by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes /Mart/ Solms) cultured outdoors in nutrient-enriched waters were evaluated for a period of 13 months. Significant differences in hyacinth standing crop and productivity were measured with harvesting regimes of 1, 3 (harvest at maximum density) and 21 harvests over a 13-month period. The average plant standing crop decreased from 65 to 20 kg (fresh wt) m−2 for systems with 1 and 21 harvests, respectively. Total harvested plant biomass was 67 kg (fresh wt) m−2, 110 kg (fresh wt) m−2 and 162 kg (fresh wt) m−2 for 1, 3 and 21 harvests, respectively. The mean net productivity increased from 7·7 to 16·5 and 24·5 g (dry wt) m−2 day−1 for 1, 3 and 21 harvests, respectively. Nutrient storage in water hyacinth biomass (live, dead and detrital) at the end of the study decreased from 93 to 46 and 30 g N m−2, and from 20 to 12 and 5 g P m−2, for 1, 3 and 21 harvests, respectively. For the system with one harvest, 46% of the stored N and 25% of the stored P were recovered in dedrital tissue at the bottom of the tank. For the systtem with 21 harvests, only 11% of the stored N and 15% of the stored P were recovered in detrital tissue at the bottom of the tank. Ammonium-N and soluble reactive P concentrations in the water column were significantly higher for the treatment with one harvest compared to the treatments with 3 and 21 harvests.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73612328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Nutrients and growth relations in short-rotation forestry 短轮作林下养分与生长关系

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90009-9

C.P. Mitchell

引用次数: 4

Direct liquefaction of activated sludge from aerobic treatment of effluents from the cornstarch industry 玉米淀粉工业废水好氧处理活性污泥的直接液化

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90060-W

Masanori Murakami, Shin-ya Yokoyama, Tomoko Ogi, Katsuya Koguchi

引用次数: 15

The combustion of biomass — environmental consequences: An intercalibration study of sampling and chemical analyses of air pollution 生物质燃烧-环境后果:空气污染取样和化学分析的相互校准研究

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90026-G

Christel Benestad

引用次数: 2

Nickel as an accelerator of biogas production in water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes solms.) 镍对水葫芦(Eichornia crassipes solms.)产气的促进作用

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90056-P

G.S. Geeta, K.S. Jagadeesh, T.K.R. Reddy

引用次数: 28

Modeling algal productivity in large outdoor cultures and waste treatment systems 模拟大型户外培养和废物处理系统中的藻类生产力

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90079-Y

Johan U. Grobbelaar, Carl J. Soeder, Eberhard Stengel

{"title":"Modeling algal productivity in large outdoor cultures and waste treatment systems","authors":"Johan U. Grobbelaar, Carl J. Soeder, Eberhard Stengel","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90079-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90079-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A deterministic mathematical model was used to describe the production of green microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus and Coelastrum sphaericum) in outdoor mass cultures. The model was calibrated against 16 months of temperature and irradiance measurements, during which time productivity measurements were made in up to five ponds with surface areas of up to 263 m2. During this period rates of algal dry matter production varied between 1·7 and 16·92 g m−2 day−1. The model predicted productivity to within 4·2% of the observed rates, for the same period. Negative productivity values (loss of biomass) were calculated for the months from November to January. It was concluded that appreciable amounts of biomass could be produced for 7 months per year in temperate areas.Several assumptions were made during the construction of the model, especially with regard to loss factors, such as: respiration, release of exuded organic carbon and photo-inhibition. The latter was included as a separate factor in the model and is merely conceptual. Several applications of the model are discussed, one of which concerns the relation between areal density and productivity, where the optimal areal density for maximal productivity was calculated to be 38–41 g (dry wt) m−2. A distinction was also made between cultures which were mainly autotrophic and waste systems. It was shown that the presence of gilvin and/or tripton would adversely influence productivities and that the contribution of these factors to vertical light attenuation would have to be measured in waste systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 297-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90079-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89754098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Characterization of a glucoamylase immobilized on chitin 几丁质固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶的研究

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90074-T

Denise Guimarães Freire, Geraldo Lippel Sant'Anna Jr.

引用次数: 7

Risk assessment for herbaceous biomass crops: The case of perennial grasses 草本生物质作物的风险评估:以多年生牧草为例

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90036-J

J. Lowenberg-DeBoer, Miguel A. López-Pereira

引用次数: 6

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