Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X

R.M. Cody , N.D. Davis , J. Lin , D. Shaw

{"title":"Screening microorganisms for chitin hydrolysis and production of ethanol from amino sugars","authors":"R.M. Cody , N.D. Davis , J. Lin , D. Shaw","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Seventy-two strains of bacteria representing 39 genera and one yeast (Candida albicans) were screened for ability to hydrolyze chitin. Chitin hydrolysis was determined by a clear zone surrounding colonies growing on the surface of chitin agar. Species with the largest clear zone to colony size (CZ/CS) ratio were further compared for chitinolysis by assaying the level of reducing sugar produced in broth culture. Three yeasts and one bacterial strain known to produce ethanol from glucose were compared for their abilities to produce ethanol from amino sugars. Of the 72 strains screened, 23 produced CZ/CS ratios ranging from 0·38 to 2·5. The highest ratios were observed for strains in the genera: Bacillus and Serratia, followed by Micrococcus, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Clostridium and Plesiomonas. The other species examined produced ratios of less than 1 or were unable to hydrolyze chitin.Hansenula anomala, Pachysolen tannophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Zymomonas mobilis were compared for their abilities to grow on and produce ethanol from glucose, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). Saccharomyces cerevisiae and H. anomala produced ethanol only from glucose. Pachysolen tannophilus and Z. mobilis produced ethanol from glucose, glucosamine and NAG. The highest concentration of ethanol produced from amino sugar was 598 μg ml−1 from 10 mg ml−1 glucosamine by Z. mobilis. This level was achieved only when yeast extract was included in the medium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not grow on glucosamine and Z. mobilis did not grow well on NAG.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 285-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90078-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73438805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

A survey of thermochemical biomass processing activities 热化学生物质加工活动综述

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90023-D

A.V. Bridgwater

引用次数: 12

Biomass yield and nutrient removal by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as influenced by harvesting frequency 收获频率对水葫芦生物量产量和养分去除的影响

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L

K.R. Reddy, E.M. D'Angelo

{"title":"Biomass yield and nutrient removal by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as influenced by harvesting frequency","authors":"K.R. Reddy, E.M. D'Angelo","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effects of harvesting frequency on productivity, nutrient storage and uptake, and detritus accumulation by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes /Mart/ Solms) cultured outdoors in nutrient-enriched waters were evaluated for a period of 13 months. Significant differences in hyacinth standing crop and productivity were measured with harvesting regimes of 1, 3 (harvest at maximum density) and 21 harvests over a 13-month period. The average plant standing crop decreased from 65 to 20 kg (fresh wt) m−2 for systems with 1 and 21 harvests, respectively. Total harvested plant biomass was 67 kg (fresh wt) m−2, 110 kg (fresh wt) m−2 and 162 kg (fresh wt) m−2 for 1, 3 and 21 harvests, respectively. The mean net productivity increased from 7·7 to 16·5 and 24·5 g (dry wt) m−2 day−1 for 1, 3 and 21 harvests, respectively. Nutrient storage in water hyacinth biomass (live, dead and detrital) at the end of the study decreased from 93 to 46 and 30 g N m−2, and from 20 to 12 and 5 g P m−2, for 1, 3 and 21 harvests, respectively. For the system with one harvest, 46% of the stored N and 25% of the stored P were recovered in dedrital tissue at the bottom of the tank. For the systtem with 21 harvests, only 11% of the stored N and 15% of the stored P were recovered in detrital tissue at the bottom of the tank. Ammonium-N and soluble reactive P concentrations in the water column were significantly higher for the treatment with one harvest compared to the treatments with 3 and 21 harvests.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90045-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73612328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Nutrients and growth relations in short-rotation forestry 短轮作林下养分与生长关系

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90009-9

C.P. Mitchell

引用次数: 4

Direct liquefaction of activated sludge from aerobic treatment of effluents from the cornstarch industry 玉米淀粉工业废水好氧处理活性污泥的直接液化

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90060-W

Masanori Murakami, Shin-ya Yokoyama, Tomoko Ogi, Katsuya Koguchi

引用次数: 15

Continuous ethanol production by yeast immobilized on to channeled alumina beads 固定化酵母在通道氧化铝珠上连续生产乙醇

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q

M.K. Hamdy, K. Kim, C.A. Rudtke

{"title":"Continuous ethanol production by yeast immobilized on to channeled alumina beads","authors":"M.K. Hamdy, K. Kim, C.A. Rudtke","doi":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Vertical and near-horizontal (15° angle) packed-bed columns were compared for continuous ethanol fermentation using an alcohol- and glucose-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain immobilized on to channeled alumina beads (5·0 × 109 cells g−1 beads). Spaces between beads (1·0–6·5 mm) and angle (15°) of near-horizontal reactor columns (with six ports in each) efficiently removed CO2 and increased ethanol productivity. Malt-glucose-yeast-extract broth containing 16·7% glucose at 35°C fed at a dilution rate of 3· h−1 to thw two horizontal columns (in series) yielded maximum ethanol productivity of 40·0 g liter−1 h−1. Feedstock flow rate and other factors (temperature, pH, nutrients, and glucose levels) affected productivities. The immobilized-cell system showed operational stability for >3 months without plugging, and could be stored for at least one year with no loss of bioreactor performance. Scanning electron micrographs of the beads revealed large numbers of yeast-cells attached on to internal and external surfaces of beads.</div>","PeriodicalId":100179,"journal":{"name":"Biomass","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 189-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-4565(90)90064-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73051535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Influence of lignin on the methanization of lignocellulosic wastes 木质素对木质纤维素废弃物甲烷化的影响

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90046-M

S. Jimenez, M.C. Cartagena, A. Arce

引用次数: 27

Cultivation of Lemna gibba under desert conditions. I: Twelve months of continuous cultivation in open ponds 沙漠条件下长臂猿的栽培。1:在露天池塘里连续栽培12个月

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90055-O

Micha Guy, Gila Granoth, Joseph Gale

引用次数: 8

The combustion of biomass — environmental consequences: An intercalibration study of sampling and chemical analyses of air pollution 生物质燃烧-环境后果:空气污染取样和化学分析的相互校准研究

Biomass Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90026-G

Christel Benestad