Biological Wastes最新文献

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Application of rumen microorganisms for a high rate anaerobic digestion of papermill sludge 瘤胃微生物在造纸污泥高速率厌氧消化中的应用
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90046-U
Huub J. Gijzen , Piet J.L. Derikx, Godfried D. Vogels
{"title":"Application of rumen microorganisms for a high rate anaerobic digestion of papermill sludge","authors":"Huub J. Gijzen ,&nbsp;Piet J.L. Derikx,&nbsp;Godfried D. Vogels","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90046-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90046-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anaerobic digestion of papermill sludge containing a high amount of inorganic matter was studied. Despite the presence of about 58% inorganic matter in the substrate, a high rate of hydrolysis and subsequent acid formation could be achieved in an acidogenic reactor which was inoculated with rumen microorganisms. Degradation efficiency of neutral detergent fibre amounted to 62% at high loading rate (34·2 g volatile solids per litre per day) and short solid retention time (51 h). In order to study the effect of accumulation of inorganic matter in the reactor, degradation efficiency was studied at various loading rates and solid retention times. An increase of solid retention time to 74 h resulted in a decreased degradation efficiency, probably due to an increased ash content in the reactor under these conditions. The effect of inorganic matter accumulation was also studied after coupling of the rumen derived acidogenic reactor to an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-type methanogenic reactor. By using this two-stage digestion process an overall conversion of papermill sludge into biogas could be realized. The operation over about three months of the two-stage process was studied in terms of process stability, nutrient recycling and accumulation of inorganic matter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90046-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74452019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Feasibility of using trash and straw as a thermal insulator 利用垃圾和秸秆作为隔热材料的可行性
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90122-9
A.C. Srivastava, Rajendra Gupta
{"title":"Feasibility of using trash and straw as a thermal insulator","authors":"A.C. Srivastava,&nbsp;Rajendra Gupta","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90122-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90122-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugarcane trash, paddy straw and wheat straw are the main farm by-products and are mostly underutilized. A large portion of these farm products goes to waste. These by-products could be successfully utilized as thermal insulators, if used in a high-density, compressed wafer-form.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"33 1","pages":"Pages 63-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90122-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83141917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Contents of volume 32 第32卷内容
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90065-Z
{"title":"Contents of volume 32","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90065-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90065-Z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"32 4","pages":"Pages 317-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90065-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137344922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An improved mechanical separator for removing live worms from worm-worked organic wastes 一种用于从蠕虫加工的有机废物中去除活蠕虫的改进机械分离器
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90119-D
J.S. Price, V.R. Phillips
{"title":"An improved mechanical separator for removing live worms from worm-worked organic wastes","authors":"J.S. Price,&nbsp;V.R. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90119-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90119-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vermicomposting has the potential to convert many organic wastes into useful plant growth media. However, the rotary screens previously employed to separate worms from vermicompost often became blinded, making worm separation slow and inefficient. An improved method was required. An experimental machine employing a novel combing action to achieve separation was therefore constructed and tested. The comb-type mechanical separator was shown to be effective with vermicomposts which were well-worked and had moisture contents of 80% wet basis or less. For example, using well-worked vermicompost derived from separated cattle solids and containing approximately 5 kg of worms/m<sup>3</sup> and with a moisture content (wet basis) of 75%, a throughput of 1·5 m<sup>3</sup>/h of vermicompost was possible, with a separation efficiency of 95%. Vermicomposting beds are sometimes maintained at moisture contents higher than 80% wet basis, and the degree of worm-working achieved can vary. Further work is therefore required to assess the performance of the comb-type separator over a wider range of conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"33 1","pages":"Pages 25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90119-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80981891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Some observations on organic removal in an SBR SBR中有机物去除的一些观察
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90003-B
W.J. Ng, J.C. Tan
{"title":"Some observations on organic removal in an SBR","authors":"W.J. Ng,&nbsp;J.C. Tan","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90003-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90003-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor was fed with synthetic wastewater based on sucrose to determine the biokinetics of the process. The values of <em>u</em><sub>max</sub> <em>and</em> <em>K</em><sub>s</sub> were found to be 0·32 h<sup>−1</sup> and 563 mg/litre, respectively, while the yield constant was determined to be 0·656 with a standard deviation of 0·102. COD removal was good. The relationship between the food:microorganisms (F/M) ratio and SVI was explored and results showed that increases in the F/M ratio led to decreases in SVI values. The initial adsorption of substrate was proportional to the amount of biomass in the reactor. Comparisons between changes in MLVSS and Total Viable Count were made and MLVSS was not found to be a good indicator for the viability of organisms in the reactor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"33 3","pages":"Pages 169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90003-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82003081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Influence of cultivation conditions on the composition of oil produced by Candida curvata D 栽培条件对弯曲念珠菌产油成分的影响
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90040-Y
Jacek Leman, Włodzimierz Bednarski, Jan Tomasik
{"title":"Influence of cultivation conditions on the composition of oil produced by Candida curvata D","authors":"Jacek Leman,&nbsp;Włodzimierz Bednarski,&nbsp;Jan Tomasik","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90040-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90040-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oil-synthesizing capacity of <em>Candida curvata</em> D was evaluated with different pH, temperature and carbon sources. The microbial oil contained a wide range of fatty acids, ranging from C<sub>12</sub> to C<sub>22</sub>. The proportion of lipid fractions, as well as fatty-acid composition of the cells, varied with temperature, pH and medium. Under all conditions the studied oils were rich in octadecenoic, stearic and linoleic acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90040-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85041714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Composite boards from guar and sorghum (Dura) stalks 由瓜尔豆和高粱(Dura)秸秆制成的复合板
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90088-A
S. Gabir, P. Khristova, N. Yossifov
{"title":"Composite boards from guar and sorghum (Dura) stalks","authors":"S. Gabir,&nbsp;P. Khristova,&nbsp;N. Yossifov","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90088-A","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90088-A","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laboratory trials were carried out to determine the suitability of guar and sorghum stalks from Sudan as basic materials for composite insulation boards manufacture using cement as binder. Lignocellulosic material-to-cement ratios of 1:15 and 1:2 were used. The results show that these raw materials could successfully be used for insulation boards, with density of 530–700 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, satisfactory strength, and very good heat-insulation properties making them suitable for building.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 311-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90088-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Water hyacinth growth in anaerobic digester effluents 厌氧消化废水中水葫芦的生长
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90010-P
K.K. Moorhead , D.A. Graetz, K.R. Reddy
{"title":"Water hyacinth growth in anaerobic digester effluents","authors":"K.K. Moorhead ,&nbsp;D.A. Graetz,&nbsp;K.R. Reddy","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90010-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90010-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growth characteristics and N assimilation of water hyacinth (<em>Eichhornia crassipes</em> [Mart] solms) were evaluated for diluted and undiluted effluents from anaerobic digesters containing <sup>15</sup>N-labeled water hyacinth as feedstock. The diluted effluents were an excellent growth media for plants and resulted in high dry weight gains. The highest gain in plant dry weight (18 gm<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) was noted for the diluted effluent having an initial NH<sub>4</sub>N concentration of 65 mg liter<sup>−1</sup> and an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1·6 dSm<sup>−1</sup>. Plant death was observed in four of the six undiluted effluents. Ammonium loss from the effluents was described with first-order kinetic rate constants which ranged from 0·175 to 0·593 day<sup>−1</sup>. Plant assimilation of <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>N ranged from 36 to 66% in diluted effluents and from 2 to 77% in undiluted effluents. Plant survival was not dependent entirely on NH<sub>4</sub>N concentrations or EC of the effluents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90010-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90968787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A survey of broiler litter composition and potential value as a nutrient resource 肉鸡窝产仔组成及营养资源潜在价值调查
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90139-J
A.H. Stephenson, T.A. McCaskey, B.G. Ruffin
{"title":"A survey of broiler litter composition and potential value as a nutrient resource","authors":"A.H. Stephenson,&nbsp;T.A. McCaskey,&nbsp;B.G. Ruffin","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90139-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90139-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Broiler litter can serve as a source of nutrients for plants and ruminant animals. Analyses of litter samples collected from 106 sources in Alabama showed that the nutrient content of litter varies widely. Litter nitrogen averaged 4·0% (24·9% crude protein (CP)), but ranged from 2·3% (14·4% CP) to 6·0% (37·5% CP). Phosphorus averaged 1·56% and potassium 2·32% of dry matter. The average N:P:K ratio of the litter was 3:3:2. Ash was extremely variable, ranging from 8·9% to 64·3%, and averaging 24·7%. Ash content was higher <em>p</em>&lt;0·05) in samples taken after the litter was removed from the broiler house (28·6%) than in samples taken directly from the broiler house (20·2%). Nitrogen and acid detergent soluble nitrogen were negatively correlated (<em>p</em>&lt;0·01) with ash, while acid detergent fiber and most minerals were positively correlated with ash. At current prices, average quality broiler litter in Alabama is valued at US$113.67 Mg<sup>−1</sup> (US$104.95 Imperial ton<sup>−1</sup>) as a potential low-cost feed ingredient for lactating beef cattle and US$31.23 Mg<sup>−1</sup> (US$27.59 Imperial ton<sup>−1</sup>) as a fertilizer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"34 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90139-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91651137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 156
Charred waste of oxalic acid plant as an adsorbent of toxic ions and dyes 草酸厂焦化废渣作为有毒离子和染料的吸附剂
Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90078-7
Nandita Shukla, G.S. Pandey
{"title":"Charred waste of oxalic acid plant as an adsorbent of toxic ions and dyes","authors":"Nandita Shukla,&nbsp;G.S. Pandey","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90078-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90078-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The charred waste obtained on treatment of the bark of a tree (<em>Terminalia tomentosa</em>, Cambreatacea) with sulphuric acid for the manufacture of oxalic acid has been identified as a good adsorbent for toxic ions (Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, F<sup>−</sup> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 145-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90078-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74840754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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