{"title":"Production and evaluation of a yeast utilizing an industrial waste","authors":"E.W. Jwanny , K.M. Gaafar , M.M. Rashad , N.K. El-Sayed , S.A. Moharib","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90032-N","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90032-N","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Pichia pinus</em> was grown in a semi-continuous process on mango-peel extract medium. The yield was 8 g/litre after 12 h at the end of the logarithmic phase. The biomass of <em>Pichia pinus</em> contained 53·7% protein. Amino acid analyses of the protein revealed the presence of all amino acids in substantial amounts except for those containing sulphur, which were the limiting amino acids. When fed to rats the protein biomass exhibited good nutritional values (protein efficiency ratio, 2·77 ± 0·126; apparent digestibility, 71·54 ± 1·02) as compared to the casein diet (protein efficiency ratio, 2·913 ± 0·127; apparent digestibility, 90·156 ± 0·64). Alkaline phosphatase levels were insignificantly different from the control during the experimental period (21, 28, 35 and 42 feeding days). The transaminases, γ-glutamyl transferase activities and creatinine levels in the serum were significantly varied at the 35th and 42nd feeding days. The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, urea and uric acid levels in serum were significantly increased only after 35 feeding days. No histological changes were observed in either liver or kidney tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 313-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90032-N","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88227920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90074-3
N. Athanasopoulos, J. Kouinis, A. Papadimitriou
{"title":"A note on anaerobic treatment of currant-finishing wastewater in downflow anaerobic filters and the effect of media design on their performance","authors":"N. Athanasopoulos, J. Kouinis, A. Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90074-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90074-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two downflow anaerobic filters with different plastic media of the same specific surface area, treating currant-finishing wastewater are described. COD removal for modular plastic media with a cross-flow design was 80% and 75% for loadings of 8 and 10 kg COD/m<sup>3</sup> day respectively. COD removal for pall-rings media gradually decreased from 90% to 57% as loadings gradually increased from 0·6 to 6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> day. The downflow anaerobic filters have a low performance compared with other high-rate anaerobic reactors, the UAF, UASB and AFB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90074-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87157388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90127-E
Naresh Kumar, Kishan Singh
{"title":"Chemical and microbiological changes during solid substrate fermentation of wheat straw with Coprinus fimetarius","authors":"Naresh Kumar, Kishan Singh","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90127-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90127-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solid substrate fermentation (SSF) of urea-treated wheat straw (UTWS) with <em>Coprinus fimetarius</em> inoculation under non-sterile conditions can bring about an increase in crude protein, digestability and digestible protein. The significant increase in the chitin and the biomass content of fermented straw correlated with the good growth of the <em>C. fimetarius</em>, which resulted in dry matter loss of 19·32% on day 10 of the SSF. The inoculated mould comprised 65% of the fungal isolates and from among the other native fungi identified, only <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> showed toxin production in pure culture. Hence, the SSF of the UTWS with <em>C. fimetarius</em>, as a two-stage process, can be practised at ambient temperature under non-sterile conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"33 4","pages":"Pages 231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90127-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74651086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90164-N
J.S.C. Mbagwu, A. Piccolo
{"title":"Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in aggregates of organic waste-amended soils","authors":"J.S.C. Mbagwu, A. Piccolo","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90164-N","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90164-N","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term effects of organic wastes on dry aggregate size distribution and on the C, N and available-P concentrations within the different aggregate fractions of some agricultural soils in North-Central Italy. Topsoils (0–20 cm) which had been amended for several years with either pig slurry (PS), cattle slurry (CS) or sewage sludge (SS) were separated into four macro-aggregate classes (4-2, 2-1, 1-0·5, 0·5-0·25 mm) and three micro-aggregate classes (0·25-0·125, 0·125-0·05 and < 0·05 mm) by dry sieving. Compared with the unamended soils, there was generally a slight increase in the proportion of the 4-2 mm macro-aggregate class following waste application. Irrespective of treatment, macro-aggregates (>0·25 mm) constituted > 70% of the total aggregate fractions.</p><p>Average increases of 17, 13 and 67% (organic C), 18, 13 and 57% (total N) and 430, 372 and 642% (available P) were obtained from additions of PS, CS and SS, respectively, and increases were found in all aggregate fractions following waste application. There was a close positive correlation between the concentrations of C, N and to a lesser extent P, in the aggregates and their silt-plus-clay contents. In terms of total contents, these elements were preferentially concentrated in the macro-aggregates. Only slight differences in the C/N ratios of the aggregates were observed but their C/P and N/P ratios decreased significantly (<em>P</em> ≤ 0·05) following waste application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 97-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90164-N","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75443886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90062-W
R. Viswanathan, V.V. Sreenarayanan, K.R. Swaminathan
{"title":"An agricultural waste-fuelled furnace for mechanical dryers","authors":"R. Viswanathan, V.V. Sreenarayanan, K.R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90062-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90062-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A heat exchanger-type furnace suitable for agricultural wastes like sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalk, coconut shell, etc., as fuel has been developed. A maximum of 90°C hot air temperature was obtained at 25·4 m<sup>3</sup>/min air flow rate at 18 kg/h of feed rate with sugarcane bagasse as fuel. With an increase in air flow, the hot air temperature decreased. It took 10·2 h to reduce the moisture content of paddy from 22·4% (wb) to 13·87% (wb) at 63°C and 33 m<sup>3</sup>/min air flow rate and 24 h for coconut (copra) from 50% (wb) to 7% (wb) at 65°C and 53·5 m<sup>3</sup>/min air flow rate in the mechanical dryer to which the furnace was supplying the hot air. There is provision to regulate the temperature of hot air by mixing in atmospheric air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"32 4","pages":"Pages 305-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90062-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73298297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90029-R
G. Flachowsky, P. Baldeweg, K. Tiroke, H. König, Astrid Schneider
{"title":"Feed value and feeding of wastelage made from distillers grain solubles, pig slurry solids and ground straw treated with urea and NaOH","authors":"G. Flachowsky, P. Baldeweg, K. Tiroke, H. König, Astrid Schneider","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90029-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90029-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urea at five levels (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6%) and NaOH at two levels (2 and 4% of dry matter to each of 2 and 4% urea level) were added to a mixture consisting of seven parts distillers grain solubles, two parts pressed pig slurry solids and one part ground wheat straw, on a fresh weight basis.</p><p>After a fermentation period of 42 days at ambient temperature in 100-litre capacity silos, the pH dropped in the unsupplemented wastelage (3·90), but it increased after urea and NaOH supplementation (up to 7·14). Ammonia and acetate concentrations in wastelage were enhanced with urea addition. Increase of acetate and butyrate concentration was observed when NaOH was added.</p><p><em>In sacco</em> degradability increased from 49·0% (untreated sample) to 67·0% when 2% urea and 4% NaOH were added. The rumen dry matter degradability of wastelages was significantly higher when sheep consumed a diet rich in roughages (57·5%) rather than a concentrate ration (50·1%). Sheep consumed about 1 kg dry matter daily when unsupplemented or when 1% urea-added wastelage was fed. Higher levels of chemicals decreased dry-matter intake.</p><p>Chemically-treated wastelage replaced about a half of wilted grass silage without any negative effect on daily weight gain in short-term feeding experiment with growing bulls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90029-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90141-E
B.K. Bala, M.A. Satter
{"title":"Kinetic and economic considerations of biogas production systems","authors":"B.K. Bala, M.A. Satter","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90141-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90141-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the kinetics and economics of substrate degradation and biogas production are discussed. Mass balance on substrate, with either the Contois or Adams-Eckenfelder models, is used to design the mathematical models of volatile solids reduction and biogas fermentation. The predictions of both the models are found to be in close agreement with the observed values reported. A computer model based on a system dynamics approach is used to model the economics of biogas production by anaerobic digestion from cattle slurry available from typical rural families in Bangladesh. This model incorporates the Adams-Eckenfelder model to determine the amount of gas production and the technique described by Audsley and Wheeler (<em>J. Agric. Engng Res.</em>, <strong>23</strong>, 189–201) to take into account the effects of price, interest, and inflation. The effects of changes of these parameters on the net profit or loss from the process are also considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"34 1","pages":"Pages 21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90141-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77040347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90135-F
V. Nallathambi Gunaseelan, P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy
{"title":"Biogas production potential of Parthenium","authors":"V. Nallathambi Gunaseelan, P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90135-F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90135-F","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In inoculated batch digestions the maximum gas production from <em>Parthenium</em> was 35 litres (75% CH<sub>4</sub>) per kg fresh plant at a TS concentration of 5%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"33 4","pages":"Pages 311-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90135-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91677221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90081-3
P.N. Hobson
{"title":"Physico-chemical characterisation of plant residues for industrial and feed use","authors":"P.N. Hobson","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90081-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90081-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 159-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90081-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86672102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological WastesPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-08-20DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90043-R
J.A. Oleszkiewicz, V.K. Sharma
{"title":"Stimulation and inhibition of anaerobic processes by heavy metals—A review","authors":"J.A. Oleszkiewicz, V.K. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90043-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90043-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stimulatory, inhibitory and antagonistic roles of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion are reviewed. Partitioning and speciation, variety of biotic and abiotic detoxifying mechanisms as well as acclimation are shown to hinder an accurate prediction of response based on a given total metal concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 45-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90043-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84074166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}