Biological Wastes最新文献

Extraction of pectin from Egyptian orange peel. Factors affecting the extraction 埃及橙皮中果胶的提取。影响提取的因素

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(87)90005-X

S. A. El-Nawawi, F. Shehata

引用次数: 73

Wastewater treatment and algal productivity in an integrated ponding system 污水处理和藻类生产力在一个综合池塘系统

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90058-Z

Ibrahim Banat, Kazmer Puskas, Ismail Esen, Reyad Al-Daher

{"title":"Wastewater treatment and algal productivity in an integrated ponding system","authors":"Ibrahim Banat, Kazmer Puskas, Ismail Esen, Reyad Al-Daher","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90058-Z","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90058-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A pilot plant was constructed to investigate the use of integrated ponding systems for municipal wastewater treatment in arid regions. The main objectives of this study were to determine the wastewater treatment efficiency of this system and to investigate the algal productivity under various operational and environmental conditions.Treatment efficiency was determined in the facultative and high-rate ponds which were operated in series at various water depths, organic loadings and detention times. Control ponds with fixed parameters were also operated. The results showed the efficiency of this system in removing organic content of the municipal wastewater. Removals of up to 95% BOD, 85% COD, 90% ammonia and >99% of the pathogenic indicator microorganisms were achieved. Equations relating to algae productivity. Secchi disk measurements, suspended solids measurements and algae counts were developed. Algae productivities of 150–300 kg ha−1 day−1 were obtained under favorable conditions. Generally, high productivities were obtained at low detention times and greater pond depths in high-rate ponds, and at high organic loading within the ranges investigated.</div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90058-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73513715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Composition and digestibility of untreated and chemically treated animal excreta for ruminants—A review 反刍动物未经处理和化学处理的排泄物组成及消化率研究进展

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90041-P

G. Flachowsky, A. Hennig

引用次数: 48

Fatty acids monitoring in the anaerobic depuration of olive oil mill wastewater 橄榄油厂废水厌氧净化过程中脂肪酸的监测

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90057-Y

Amedea Morelli, Bruno Rindone, Vincenza Andreoni, Michela Villa, Claudia Sorlini, Vito Balice

引用次数: 16

An economic process for preparation of xylose and derivatives by hydrolysis of corn cobs 玉米芯水解制备木糖及其衍生物的经济方法

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90131-B

C.I. Gil Tortosa , F.J. García Breijo , E. Primo Yúfera

{"title":"An economic process for preparation of xylose and derivatives by hydrolysis of corn cobs","authors":"C.I. Gil Tortosa , F.J. García Breijo , E. Primo Yúfera","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90131-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90131-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div>With the objective of obtaining the most complete recovery of carbohydrate content from agricultural wastes, a process has been studied which involves three stages: (1) water-soluble sugar extraction; (2) pentose preparation by mild hydrolysis; and (3) hydrolysis under more drastic conditions of residual lignocellulose.In this paper we report on the mild hydrolysis of pentosans from corn cobs in pre-pilot columns. This was done using a process which involved impregnation with sulfuric acid, heating to hydrolyse the wet acidic waste, and watery pentose extraction. The influence of acid concentration and heating time at 100°C on the hydrolysis as well as on sugar degradation and yields has been studied.The optimum conditions of the process were 9% sulfuric acid and 3 hours heating. Under these conditions, 89% of the total pentosans (t.p.) were hydrolyzed (28% of the raw dry material, r.d.m.); 33% t.p. (9% r.d.m.) were degraded, and 67% t.p. (20% r.d.m.) were recovered in the broths. The broths obtained were purified with ion-exchange resins and good yields of xylose were obtained by crystallization.Conditions for the direct reduction of the deionized xylose broths to xylitol, as well as yields and the technical properties of the products, were also studied.</div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90131-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77879763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Tannin levels and their degree of polymerisation and specific activity in some agro-industrial by-products 某些农用工业副产品中的单宁水平及其聚合程度和比活性

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90167-Q

H.P.S. Makkar, B. Singh, S.S. Negi

{"title":"Tannin levels and their degree of polymerisation and specific activity in some agro-industrial by-products","authors":"H.P.S. Makkar, B. Singh, S.S. Negi","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90167-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90167-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Tannins were determined by various chemical and biological methods in 15 agro-industrial by-products. Tannins in terms of total phenols (TP), condensed tannins (CT) and protein-precipitation capacity (PPC) were very high in Acacia nilotica and Theobroma cacao pods, Mangifera indica seed kernel, Panicum miliaceum polish and cakes of Madhuca indica seed and Garcinia indica. The correlation coefficients of PPC (measure of biological activity) with TP (0·81), degree of polymerisation (−0·83) and protein-precipitable phenolics (0·96) were significant (P < 0·05), but that with CT (0·34) was not significant. It is inferred that TP rather than CT contribute significantly towards PPC and that highly-polymerised tannins do not bind proteins as efficiently as the lesser-polymerised ones.The TP and CT were low in pods of Prosopis juliflora and Pithecolobium saman, Cassia tora seeds, cakes of Guizotia abyssinica, Pongamia glabra, Schleichera oleosa, Hevea brasiliensis and Hibiscus cannabinus and Panicum miliaceum bran. The PPC could not be detected in these by-products, suggesting that these nine by-products can be considered safe for incorporation in livestock feed, subject to absence of other deleterious factors.</div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90167-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84169145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Use of EDTA for chelating toxic metals inhibiting BOD measurements EDTA螯合有毒金属抑制BOD测量的应用

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90061-V

C.M.A. Ademoroti

引用次数: 1

The effects of using various types of carbonaceous substrate on UASB granules and on reactor performance 不同碳质基质对UASB颗粒及反应器性能的影响

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90143-G

J.W. Morgan, J.A.S. Goodwin , D.A.J. Wase , C.F. Forster

引用次数: 19

Fermentation characteristics of swine waste ensiled with wheat straw and cane molasses 麦秸与甘蔗糖蜜青贮猪粪发酵特性研究

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90024-M

G. Iñiguez-Covarrubias , M. de la Torre-Martinez , J.A. Cuarón-Ibargüengoitia , P. Pérez-Gavilán , I. Magaña-Plaza

{"title":"Fermentation characteristics of swine waste ensiled with wheat straw and cane molasses","authors":"G. Iñiguez-Covarrubias , M. de la Torre-Martinez , J.A. Cuarón-Ibargüengoitia , P. Pérez-Gavilán , I. Magaña-Plaza","doi":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90024-M","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0269-7483(90)90024-M","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In a first small silo study four mixtures of swine waste, wheat straw and cane molasses in various proportions were ensiled. The mixtures were adjusted to a moisture content of about 40% before a 42 days ensiling period at 28±2°C. Ensiled mixtures had an acceptable aroma and appearance similar to that of good quality haylage. In a second small silo study, three replicates of a factorial experiment were run in the laboratory for three levels of swine waste: 11, 22 and 44% (dry basis) and three levels of moisture content: 40·8±0·5, 54·4±0·7 and 69·0±0·6. After a 42 days ensiling period at 28±2°C, the silos were opened and evaluated. All mixtures preserved well and appeared to show typical haylage fermentation characteristics. Lactic acid concentration and pH indicated that good ensiling occurred in all mixtures. All mixtures were free of total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella and Proteus organisms. As the proportions of swine waste in the mixtures decreased, percentages of crude protein and ether extract decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0·0.01). Crude fiber increased linearly as the proportion of swine waste decreased in the mixtures (P<0·01). Ash increased linearly as the proportion of manure increased in the mixtures (P<0·01).</div>","PeriodicalId":100177,"journal":{"name":"Biological Wastes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90024-M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83685610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Anaerobic digestion of ice-cream wastewaters using the UASB process 用UASB工艺厌氧消化冰淇淋废水

Biological Wastes Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90077-6

J. Goodwin, D. Wase, C. Forster

引用次数: 23