Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOET.2018.02.003
Lourdes Velázquez
{"title":"Reflexiones bioéticas en torno a la historia de las epidemias de viruela","authors":"Lourdes Velázquez","doi":"10.1016/J.BIOET.2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOET.2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84880498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.10.001
Ashwani Kumar Peetush , Arjuna Maharaj
{"title":"Individual Autonomy: Self, Culture, and Bioethics","authors":"Ashwani Kumar Peetush , Arjuna Maharaj","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper problematizes the concept of individual autonomy in the on-going project of attempting to understand and construct global principles of bioethics. We argue that autonomy as it is commonly defined and interpreted, and the emphasis that is placed on it, presupposes an individualistic concept of the self, family, and community that arises out of a Euro- Western liberal tradition and that is often in tension with various non-Western perspectives. We conclude that a more globally dialogical approach to bioethics is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91602846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2018.02.002
Filippo Grillo-Ruggieri , Giuseppe Scielzo
{"title":"Ethical reflections on proton radiotherapy","authors":"Filippo Grillo-Ruggieri , Giuseppe Scielzo","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proton therapy is one of the current major advances in radiation cancer radiation treatment. Its comparison, even with most refined radiotherapy techniques with X-rays, shows in many advantages, due to better physical distribution of protons in human tissues, both in terms of higher tumor dose and normal tissue sparing. A full demonstration of proton therapy advantages after formal randomized trials should be considered mandatory in the oncological community, from an ethical point of view, before its widespread use on patients. This could lead to a risk of a substantial delay while waiting for the results of trials results, the exploitation, on a large scale, of the rapidly increasing progress and dissemination of proton therapy delivery technology. This also could be considered unethical in terms of delaying expected benefits to cancer patients. A possible solution to this dilemma is to apply other methods to assure safety and ethics in patient selection for proton therapy instead of X-rays radiation therapy. The adopt and trial method coupled to a Model-Based and Knowledge-Based approach to compare a dose distribution plan using protons or X-rays may satisfy ethical requirements and avoid any delay in the wider application of proton therapy to cancer patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2018.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79984197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-07-28DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOET.2017.06.001
E. Moya
{"title":"El poshumanismo: ¿promesa o amenaza de la tecnociencia? Principios de una biopolítica mínima","authors":"E. Moya","doi":"10.1016/J.BIOET.2017.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOET.2017.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86836731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.08.001
Evandro Agazzi
{"title":"The individual and collective dimension in bioethics","authors":"Evandro Agazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79620304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.002
María de la Luz Casas Martínez
{"title":"Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico y cuidados paliativos","authors":"María de la Luz Casas Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The healthcare staff training process has been mainly focused on the preventive, healing, and rehabilitating medicine, constantly with an emphasis on the ‘to do’ and rarely on the ‘stop doing’, a necessary consideration for terminal or patients in agony, thus putting itself at risk of incurring the futile handling of medical care. Medical Ethics imposes the moral obligation to implement therapeutic measures when a possibility for healing, surviving or quality of life is available for the patients, but actions should not be taken to prolong the agony of a patient who is inevitably facing death. In this paper reference will be made to the limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE) in adults. The LTE may be categorised as a decision not to implement certain manoeuvres or care procedures, or as a technique to discontinue steps that had already been taken, when these are no longer medically prescribed, and prevent the natural evolution of the disease, thereby creating a disproportion between therapeutic goals and means. Ten items are proposed for the practice of LTE. The LTE shall at all times be bound to the management of palliative care. An explanatory chart is presented, comparing therapeutic effort, life expectancy, limitation of therapeutic effort and palliative care. Six steps are also presented to put therapeutic proportionality judgement into practice. Healing therapy, therapeutic effort, limitation of therapeutic effort and palliative care should be a harmonic ensemble, not a source of conflicts and confusing interpretations of their meaning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77358453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.06.002
Carlos Y. Valenzuela
{"title":"Conscientious objection in Scientific Ethics and its relationship with ideology, religion and laws","authors":"Carlos Y. Valenzuela","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conscientious objection (CO) is the refusal to obey laws due to moral, religious or belief principles. The ideologies or religions underlying laws or constitutions have been seldom analyzed. Scientific Ethics finds that constitutions and laws have implicit or explicit ideological elements that are imposed on citizens, and denies or forbids others that lead citizens to CO. Ideological analysis is critical for laws that violate other rights, moral or ethical principles that are accepted by everyone and aggressions to humans or animals. CO is critically different in the cases of military service, abortion (killing fetuses), vaccination or tax payments. In the case of abortion the commandment is to kill a fetus in certain conditions; but to kill human beings contradicts the medical foundations and most religions or ideologies. Constitutions and laws should respect the ideologies or religions of that people so citizens can express and live his or her ideology without contradiction or CO. A law on abortion should provide centers of abortion served by professionals that share that ideology; this would avoid CO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74809031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.001
Lourdes Velázquez
{"title":"De los tratamientos paliativos a los cuidados paliativos","authors":"Lourdes Velázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The preference for the phrase ‘palliative care’ instead of ‘palliative treatment’, as seen in the literature, is the expression of an important change, which is the transition from an essentially medical view to a broader horizon. In this article an analysis is made of the reasons for this change and shows that they are grounded in a change of a philosophical kind, regarding anthropology and ethics. The ‘ethics of care’ is the consequence of having included ‘vulnerability’ among the essential characteristics of the human condition, and having related it with the autonomy, integrity, and dignity of the person. This ethic contains the duty of giving help, protection, and respect to all ‘weak subjects’ in order to offer them the best possible ‘quality of life’ compatible with their conditions. This includes, in addition to physical aspects, the psychological, social and, spiritual aspects, that must be inter-related in an effort of global comprehension and action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74581297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2016.12.001
Ronald Cárdenas Krenz
{"title":"Neurociencia y derecho: problemas y posibilidades para el quehacer jurídico","authors":"Ronald Cárdenas Krenz","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article is about the connection between neuroscience and the effects on legal rules. There are several brain studies that question the existence of free will. Free will is the basis of legal docrine. This article attempts to determine whether or not free will exists, and to review the possibilities offered by neuroscience, with new means to seek the truth, marketing development, determination of capacity and other issues, by reviewing the benefits and risks.</p><p>Finally, it addresses the need to ensure the respect of human rights with these new neuroscientific technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2016.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77397013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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