Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.004
Manuel H. Ruiz de Chávez
{"title":"Reconocimiento a la trayectoria de Evandro Agazzi y al papel del Centro Interdisciplinario de Bioética de la Universidad Panamericana","authors":"Manuel H. Ruiz de Chávez","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.001
Francesca Giglio
{"title":"Bioethical perspective of ontologically-based personalism","authors":"Francesca Giglio","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents a bioethical perspective of ontologically-based personalism.</p><p>The aim of this model applied to bioethics is to provide a suitable framework for moral issues that arise from biomedical applications to human beings.</p><p>Firstly, an explanation is offered on how the ethical model it proposes has an ontological foundation, with a view to associating human dignity and rights – most notably at the beginning and at the end of life – with the substantial reality of the person, as opposed to associating it with a set of capacities that an individual may or may not exhibit. The reader is then introduced to a case analysis method that links empirical data, anthropological dimensions, and ethical assessment, as well as a set of four practical principles aimed at guiding decisions in a biomedical context.</p><p>Finally, it outlines the key components of a personalist, ontologically based, model, by comparing its theoretical setting and its main implications with those of some current bioethical trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75381606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.002
Fernando Lolas Stepke
{"title":"Hacia una bioética cultural","authors":"Fernando Lolas Stepke","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emphasising the pre-eminence of the Western point of view in the configuration of the bioethical discourse known in Latin America, the thesis of a cultural formulation is presented that helps to understand and accept differences. Culture is defined as the set of beliefs, traditions, and aspirations in a group that determines the model ideal behaviour for its members. It is a social pragmatics that needs to be studied, decoded, and understood in both descriptive and interpretive terms. Proposals in that direction should reformulate the scope and limits of a global bioethics into its “weighty” and “light” versions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 32-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77737319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.002
Manuel Ruiz de Chávez, Gustavo Olaiz Barragán, Aidée Orozco Pérez
{"title":"Análisis prospectivo sobre la investigación biomédica desde un enfoque bioético","authors":"Manuel Ruiz de Chávez, Gustavo Olaiz Barragán, Aidée Orozco Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The latest advances in biomedicine — such as the human germ line editing or computerised health information — have implications that need to be analysed in the light of human rights and bioethical principles, in order to protect study subjects and to ensure that the population benefits from carrying out research protocols. In this respect, a multidisciplinary approach to bioethics not only contributes to establishing criteria and guidelines to help researchers in situations of uncertainty, but also to improving the environment and the conditions under which scientific practice is carried out. Under this concept, the following article offers a brief analysis of the main problems facing the development of biomedical research at national and international level, not only as regards the technical and scientific aspects of this activity, but also at a societal and legal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78280514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.005
John M. Haas
{"title":"In defense of the vulnerable in medicine and the life sciences","authors":"John M. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>International declarations on human dignity and human rights are recalled, such as United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), and UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005). Instances of violations of such rights in the areas of medicine and life sciences are denounced, such as trade in living human organs, the “reproductive technology industry”, legalized killing of human embryos and assisted suicide. The fact that such rights are currently granted or suppressed by people who have the political power to do so is shown as the cause for such violations, and the need to acknowledge a transcendent source of human dignity and rights is proposed, by which the acceptance of dogmatic teachings of any particular religion is not implied, but rather the acknowledgment, through natural reason, of a Creator who has bestowed worth, dignity and meaning on human beings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 4-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83605130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.001
Vittoradolfo Tambone, Laura Leondina Campanozzi
{"title":"A proposal for a shared care plan at the end of life: The Natural Death Protocol","authors":"Vittoradolfo Tambone, Laura Leondina Campanozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Over the last two-decade, major efforts have been underway to improve the standard of care at the end of life. Nevertheless, recent evidence has highlighted that many patients still receive overtreatment or inappropriate support to face dying in all its complexity. These scenarios may increase thoughts of death that often occur during the course of </span>terminal illnesses<span> requiring prompt and adequate interpretations and interventions. This suggests the need for a change in treating dying patients along with a clear understanding of the root causes of requests for euthanasia. In this regards, we propose a protocol for a shared end-of-life care plan aimed at ensuring a quality accompaniment toward natural death. It involves the patient and their family, as well as healthcare providers in a flexible work plan articulated in two phases concerning respectively pre-mortem and post-mortem actions. It offers a clear and systemic template for care in preparation for natural death, which takes into consideration healthcare duties and the patient as a person.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2017.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77219863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2016.05.006
Evandro Agazzi
{"title":"The issue of anthropocentrism in ethics","authors":"Evandro Agazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Criticism against “anthropocentrism” has become frequent in recent bioethical literature, especially after the increasing favor enjoyed by animal ethics and environmental ethics. In an action there is usually an acting subject and an object that is affected by the action. Moral responsibility only concerns the subject and it is clear that only subjects endowed with the capability of understanding and deciding can be morally responsible. In this world only humans have such capability; therefore, only man is a <em>moral subject</em> and can have <em>duties</em> in a proper sense. These duties regard man's conduct towards the object of an action, and ‘traditional ethics’ distinguished duties towards God, oneself and others (therefore not only man was the object of moral duties). In ethics a reciprocity’ between <em>duties and rights</em> is often recognized: one has a duty towards someone which has the right to receive a certain treatment and is in principle morally obliged to reciprocate this treatment. The concept of <em>responsibility</em>, however does not entail reciprocity: we may be responsible towards beings that do not have the same duties towards us. In such a way it is ethically right to admit that we have duties also towards animals, environment, future generations, that have no rights in a strict sense, and cannot reciprocate our care for them, We can say that, in this sense, man is not the only ‘moral object’ (i.e. the object of moral duties). This position is even better expressed through the moral category of <em>respect</em>. In this perspective it is possible to recognize to man a particularly high position in the ‘ontological hierarchy’ of the existing beings, without making of it the only morally relevant object. This amounts to the imperative not to destroy or damage any form of existence without an adequate reason, and this is why not whatever interest of man can morally justify damaging other forms of existence, but only according to a reasonable judgment of necessity and proportionality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2016.05.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91523319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.003
Eduardo Rodriguez Yunta, Fernando Lolas
{"title":"Promotion of research integrity in Latin American institutions","authors":"Eduardo Rodriguez Yunta, Fernando Lolas","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most Latin American Research Institutions do not have an establish system to detect and denounce research misconduct This article reflects on the need to establish high standards in research integrity and monitoring mechanisms in Latin American Research Institutions in order to have an accurate science and for transferring research results to public policies, health promotion and social progress. Based on the experience of developed countries, we propose the following mechanisms to promote research integrity: to promote a culture to enhance good research practices; to establish norms to maintain responsible conduct of research; to establish monitoring proceedings; and to establish mechanisms of support to affront demands of research misconduct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86365530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics UpdatePub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.001
Evandro Agazzi
{"title":"Medicine and the machine","authors":"Evandro Agazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100174,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics Update","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bioet.2016.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81389678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}