Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere最新文献_第5页

The 20-year history of the evolution of air pollution control legislation in the U.S.A. 美国空气污染控制立法的20年演变历史

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90042-5

Richard H. Schulze

{"title":"The 20-year history of the evolution of air pollution control legislation in the U.S.A.","authors":"Richard H. Schulze","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(93)90042-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(93)90042-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Over the past 20 years, the U.S. Congress has passed four acts relating to clean air. The 1970 act set out a comprehensive plan for federal-state partnership to require all areas in the country to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In 1977, the act was amended and expanded, both to address many of the problems encountered in the 1970 act and to reorient the law to limit significantly emissions of any sort, even if there were no currently identified health-related reasons. In 1986, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act was passed, as an amendment to a solid waste law, in response to the desire to prevent chemical release tragedies. After 10 years of effort, Congress finally passed the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments which require a number of new programs aimed at curbing urban ozone, rural acid rain, stratospheric ozone, toxic air pollutant emissions and vehicle emissions, and establishing a new, uniform national permit system.This paper discusses some of the consequences of the various acts and suggests ways that others might learn from our 20 years of experience. Certain programs have worked quite well, while some alternatives could have improved other programs.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(93)90042-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79385248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Relation between heat islands and NO2 pollution in some Japanese cities 日本部分城市热岛与NO2污染的关系

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90051-7

Takao Gotoh

{"title":"Relation between heat islands and NO2 pollution in some Japanese cities","authors":"Takao Gotoh","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(93)90051-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(93)90051-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In Japanese urban areas, NOx air pollution has recently become more and more serious, and a rise in atmospheric temperature has been observed. This correlation was surveyed in 187 locations, where NO2 concentration monitoring and atmospheric temperature measurement were conducted simultaneously and separately during the same period from 1982 to 1988. The following results were obtained. First, the percentage of areas where NO2 concentration increased was 72%. Second, the percentage of areas where the correlation coefficient between the annual mean NO2 concentration and the elapsed years was larger than 0.20, and at the same time the correlaltion coefficient between the annual mean NO2 concentration and the annual mean atmospheric temperature was larger than 0.20, was 23%. About three-quarters of these areas were in the Tokyo and Osaka megalopolis. Third, in these areas, the relation between the mean NO2 concentration and the regression coefficient of the change in atmospheric temperature relative to the change of annual mean NO2 concentration was suspected to be distributed steeply with a reflected point in NO2 concentration.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(93)90051-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91493275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Evaluation of a model for hourly spatial concentration distributions 每小时浓度空间分布模式的评价

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90050-G

K.E. Grønskei, S.E. Walker, F. Gram

{"title":"Evaluation of a model for hourly spatial concentration distributions","authors":"K.E. Grønskei, S.E. Walker, F. Gram","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(93)90050-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(93)90050-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A time-dependent finite difference model in three levels combined with a puff model to account for subgrid effects close to single sources was used to calculate hour-to-hour concentration distributions. Measurements from several selected stations were used to account from time variation in background concentrations. For each hour, weight was given to observed values in areas that were not influenced by local sources.Results of concentration calculations based on hourly data on emission and dispersion are validated by measured time series of SO2 and NOx at five stations. A combination of hourly nephelometer readings and 12-h measurements of small particles at three stations are compared with calculated values.Hourly observed and calculated values from two periods (3 January–15 March 1988 and 18 April–24 June 1988) were used for the evaluation of the model for calculating hourly pollution concentrations in each square kilometre. The results showed that prediction of short-term average concentrations (e.g. hourly data) are usually poorly correlated with observations at the same time and location. Slight displacement errors may cause point-to-point correlation to be poor as a result of errors in input data.The pattern of NOx concentration variation with time was reproduced well at all stations. A subgrid model taking into account the influence of nearby roads would probably improved the model for NOx at some stations. For SO2 and small particles, industrial sources have the dominant influence and the correspondence between observed and calculated values were improved by taking into account spatial uncertainty and an hourly variation in background concentrations.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(93)90050-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75986035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Particulate pollution levels in Katowice, a highly industrialized polish city 波兰高度工业化城市卡托维兹的微粒污染水平

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90045-8

Jozef Pastuszka , Stanislaw Hlawiczka, Klaus Willeke

引用次数: 28

Review of development and application of CRSTER and MPTER models CRSTER和MPTER模型的发展与应用综述

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90044-7

Robert B. Wilson

引用次数: 14

Time series analysis of the interdependence among air pollutants 空气污染物相互依赖的时间序列分析

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90056-X

Kuang-Jung Hsu

引用次数: 41

Tracing fly ash emitted from a coal-fired power plant with enriched rare-earth isotopes: An urban scale test 用富集稀土同位素追踪燃煤电厂排放的飞灰:城市规模试验

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90052-T

J.M. Ondov , W.R. Kelly , J.Z. Holland , Z.C. Lin , S.A. Wight

{"title":"Tracing fly ash emitted from a coal-fired power plant with enriched rare-earth isotopes: An urban scale test","authors":"J.M. Ondov , W.R. Kelly , J.Z. Holland , Z.C. Lin , S.A. Wight","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90052-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90052-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Artificially enriched isotopes of neodymium (Nd) were released from a 100 MW(e) coal-fired power plant at rates ranging from 40 to 61 mg h−1 in an experiment designed to test a new intentional particulate tracer technique. During each release, ambient samples of airborne particles with diameters < 2.5 μm were collected for 6 h at 13 locations along a 72° arc 20 km from the plant on 47-mm diameter Teflon filters operated at nominal flow rates of 130 l min−1. Samples collected when estimates of the meteorological dispersion parameter, X/Q, ranged from 0.3 × 10−10 to 350 × 10−10 s m−3, were analysed for total Nd mass and excess 148Nd, the tracer isotope, by thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations were in good agreement with predictions of ambient tracer concentrations made with a Gaussian plume model in which lateral and vertical plume dispersion parameters were derived from the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction. The observed tracer concentrations correspond to signal-to-noise ratios (S:N) of 150–450. The concentration of 148Nd measured in particles <0.65 μm in diameter corresponds to an S:N in excess of 4500.</div>","PeriodicalId":100140,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere","volume":"26 4","pages":"Pages 453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90052-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79860532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Contents of volume 26B and Author index 第26B卷的内容和作者索引

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90060-6

引用次数: 0

Author's reply 作者的回复

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90059-2

J.V. Ramsdell

引用次数: 0

Diffusion in building wakes for ground-level releases 地面释放物在建筑物尾流中的扩散

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90058-Z

G.A. Briggs , A.H. Huber , W.H. Snyder , R.S. Thompson

引用次数: 3