Architecture, Structures and Construction最新文献

{"title":"Investigating key factors influencing decision-making in the design of buildings and places: A survey of stakeholders’ perception","authors":"Avgousta Stanitsa,&nbsp;Stephen H. Hallett,&nbsp;Simon Jude","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00058-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00058-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the impact of decision-making in the design of buildings and places, there is limited understanding concerning how decisions are best made, or how these should be evaluated and optimised. Additionally, technological advancements have increased human-to-machine interactions, altering existing decision-making processes. By understanding how novel technologies affect decisions, it motivates the development of the process, tools, and metrics. The aim of this paper is to investigate, quantify, and rank the relative importance of the decision-making factors contributing to the design of building and urban projects. A survey was conducted to gain an insight of stakeholders’ perceptions as to which are the influencing factors affecting decision-making processes in the design of buildings and places. Ten distinct factors were generated , of which, four were ranked as highly important for all stakeholder types, namely: Potential for Dynamic Operation, Thoroughness, Recency of Tools and Control. This study provides a new means to evaluate performance of decision-making processes, when these are undertaken, by developing and applying a quantitative data-driven, evidence-based methodological framework. The recipients of the findings will be the urban planners, designers, and academics who are interested in improving existing approaches in design and final decision outcomes utilising novel technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 3","pages":"381 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-022-00058-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50033656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The Striatus bridge","authors":"Shajay Bhooshan,&nbsp;Vishu Bhooshan,&nbsp;Alessandro Dell’Endice,&nbsp;Jianfei Chu,&nbsp;Philip Singer,&nbsp;Johannes Megens,&nbsp;Tom Van Mele,&nbsp;Philippe Block","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00064-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00064-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 3","pages":"465 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-022-00064-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50007690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approaches for preventing environment-associated contamination in healthcare facilities: a systematic literature review by open access database","authors":"Vitória Sanches Lemes Soares,&nbsp;Sheila Walbe Ornstein,&nbsp;Ana Judite Galbiatti Limongi França","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00063-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00063-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) whose objective is to identify aspects related to the built environment of Emergency Rooms (ERs) and healthcare facilities that interfere with infection by respiratory diseases. The SLR presented is a relevant part of ongoing research dedicated to discussing the built environment’s role on contamination, considering the COVID-19 pandemic scenario and the ER of the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo (USP), sited in São Paulo city, Brazil, as a case study. The results of this SLR showed that the main aspects discussed in the selected articles are: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems; disinfection and hygiene; layout and spatial organisation; air curtain and air purification; natural ventilation; door opening; and surface material. As major findings, the importance of properly designed mechanical ventilation systems and of the parameters’ control for the maintenance of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are highlighted. In addition, the existence of isolation rooms; periodic assessments based on guides and protocols; self-sanitising materials surfaces; and environmental design strategies are presented, together with the development of technologies, often incorporated into hospital furniture. Thus, as contribution, the article highlights the importance of the association of several measures related to the performance of the built environment to minimise respiratory infections in healthcare environments. As a limit of this research, only open access articles and reviews from 2017 to 2021 were considered, so that the article reveals trends in this field of study, not covering the entirety of content.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 3","pages":"439 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality and thermal comfort management for energy-efficient large public buildings","authors":"Pradnya Gaonkar,&nbsp;Amudheesan Nakkeeran,&nbsp;Jyotsna Bapat,&nbsp;Debabrata Das","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00059-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00059-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maximizing indoor comfort while minimizing energy costs has been a challenging problem for building management systems. This problem is significantly exacerbated for large public buildings with varying occupancy levels. A practical approach to measure occupants’ comfort has been to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort using Fanger’s Predictive Mean Vote (PMV) model, parameterized by the ambient temperature and Relative Humidity (RH). Such an approach is, however, one dimensional and does not consider other possible sources of discomfort like indoor air quality. Interestingly, the ambient temperature and RH, in addition to thermal comfort, also influence the amount of emissions from indoor furnishings, which is a prime source of indoor air quality degradation. Taking this into account, in this paper, we adapt the definition of comfort to include indoor air quality as well. Since occupancy levels, occupants’ activities and outdoor temperature vary with time, one way to achieve desired comfort goals is to continuously adapt the settings of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units in buildings. Such a continuous adaptation results in significant energy costs, especially in geographical locations where outdoor temperatures can be significantly higher/lower than desired indoor temperatures. In this context, we propose a location-aware multi-objective optimization model for indoor comfort and energy cost management. We combine conflicting objectives—improving air quality and thermal comforts, and minimizing energy cost—to determine cost-driven, comfort-driven and Pareto optimal solutions using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). The proposed model is envisioned to enable building operators to determine suitable temperature and RH as per occupants’ requirement. The solution can be personalized based on the building structure and macro- and micro-location parameters. To ease configuration and customization of our model based on building- and geography-specific settings, we also present a MATLAB-based GUI that operators can leverage to understand the comfort-cost trade-off for buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"3 1","pages":"25 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50102665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-stage method based on the you only look once framework and image segmentation for crack detection in concrete structures","authors":"Mayank Mishra,&nbsp;Vipul Jain,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Damodar Maity","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00060-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00060-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detecting the presence of cracks and identifying their severity are crucial tasks for determining the structural health of a concrete building. In this study, we develop a two-stage automated method based on the You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) deep learning framework for the identification, localization, and quantification of cracks in the concrete structures. In the first stage, cracks are identified and localized using bounding boxes, while in the second stage, the length of cracks and, therefore, the damage severity are determined. The developed deep learning model is trained using 4500 annotated images from a total of 40000 images of size 227 × 227 pixel, which are obtained from an open-source dataset collected at various campus buildings of Middle East Technical University (METU). The concept of transfer learning (i.e., pre-trained weights) is used for the training, which drastically reduces the training time. The detection and localization accuracy of this model is measured in terms of the average precision, average recall, and F1-score. The YOLOv5 model achieves the mean average precision (mAP_0.5) of 95.02<i>%</i>. A ResNet model is also developed just to capture the supremacy of the YOLOv5 model. The proposed method can help in identifying structural anomalies through real-time monitoring that must be urgently repaired and thus can be used in high-quality civil infrastructure monitoring systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"3 4","pages":"429 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81714336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams through sacrificial reinforcement","authors":"Haley Hostetter,&nbsp;M. Z. Naser,&nbsp;Rami A. Hawileh,&nbsp;Ghada Karaki,&nbsp;Huanting Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00061-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00061-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the superior properties of concrete, structural members made of concrete often satisfy fire requirements specified in codes and standards without special installations or the use of external insulation. A closer examination into fire codal provisions shows that they are primarily founded for new constructions or that which does not suffer from aging or in-service trauma; such as cracking, reinforcement corrosion, creep, etc., all of which can adversely affect the structural response of concrete structures, especially under fire conditions. In order to enhance the fire resistance of concrete structures, this paper presents insights into simple and cost-effective solutions by utilizing sacrificial layer(s) of reinforcement. These solutions capitalize on the natural synergy between reinforcement and concrete and have the potential to mitigate fire-induced cracking and the development of fire-induced large deformation, thereby extending the fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams. The validity and applicability of the proposed concepts are highlighted through a highly complex three-dimensional thermo-mechanical nonlinear-based finite element model. This model was utilized in a series of parametric studies to examine critical parameters influencing the fire response of concrete beams reinforced with steel and fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement. These parameters include sacrificial reinforcement scheme, size, and material type. It was concluded that the use of sacrificial reinforcement could be beneficial for mitigation purposes or as a repair solution for postfire events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 2","pages":"311 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50014790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Quintic Displacement Function in Static Analysis of Deep Beams on Elastic Foundation","authors":"Ashis Kumar Dutta,&nbsp;Jagat Jyoti Mandal,&nbsp;Debasish Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00055-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00055-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>Beams supported by elastic foundations are one of the complex soil-structure interaction problems that have been studied using the \"beam on elastic foundation\" concept. To support the loads, the structural foundation and the soil continuum must work together. The development of more accurate foundation model and simpler procedure are critical for the safety and cost-effective construction of such type of structure. Three nodded beams based on Timoshenko beam theory and workable approaches for analysis of beams on Winkler foundation are attempted in this study. For the present formulation, a Matlab code has been developed. The results are then compared to similar studies done by other researchers, which demonstrate a high level of agreement. Parametric studies are followed to determine the response to various loading conditions, boundary conditions, and foundation parameters. The present formulations, regardless of boundary conditions, slenderness ratio and modulus of sub-grade reaction, have a higher convergence rate. It functions smoothly and efficiently for thin to moderately thick beams. The influence of the soil coefficient on the response of beams on elastic foundations is typically greater than the influence of beam physical and material properties.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 2","pages":"257 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50013223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fire investigation methodology for buildings","authors":"Rodrigo Almeida Freitas,&nbsp;João Paulo C. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00057-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00057-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>\u0000Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>A fire investigation aims, in the broad concept, to raise and point out aspects and circumstances related to a fire. In fact, as a task that involves scientific knowledge and techniques, it must be planned and carried out with tested and valid protocols. There are some fire investigation protocols that contribute a lot to the evaluation of the fire scene, but they are usually limited to the fire scene and do not address the fire investigation as a whole, comprehensive and holistic way. The lack or insufficiency of protocols can lead to inadequate fire investigations, which may be missing relevant data, present incipient results, with biased conclusions, and may jeopardize parties involved in a fire. So, it is vital the application of attested protocols and methodologies that ensure a global, integral, and holistic fire investigation, which expose – as much as possible – the facts, circumstances, factors, actions, omissions, and contributions related to the fire incident. In addition, a guided conduct of a fire investigation team, illustrated in a fire investigation protocol, must seek to provide information, foster, and improve fire safety science, at local to global scale. The present paper proposes a fire investigation protocol, involving connected methodologies, focusing on not only in fire investigation itself, but addressing a global context of promoting fire safety.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 2","pages":"269 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50009627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is built and what is taught: The difference between teaching and professional practice in building structures","authors":"Carlos Olmedo,&nbsp;Alejandro Calle,&nbsp;Joaquín Antuña","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00056-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00056-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The authors show the great difference that exists between structural solutions that are taught and that students have to resolve to obtain the qualification of Architect and the constructive and structural solutions that are common in professional practice in Spain. A database of structural solutions used in master’s degree projects for professional qualification and their results was therefore prepared and compared with existing statistical construction data. It can be deduced from this data that there is a discrepancy between students’ proposals and usual practice, in structural types as well as in terms of size, materials and building category.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 4","pages":"685 - 698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-022-00056-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50102408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber structures made of naturally curved oak wood: prototypes and processes","authors":"Niels Martin Larsen,&nbsp;Anders Kruse Aagaard,&nbsp;Markus Hudert,&nbsp;Lasse Weyergang Rahbek","doi":"10.1007/s44150-022-00046-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-022-00046-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly optimised processing workflows characterise today’s wood industry. The gained efficiency is mainly directed towards making standardised linear materials that fulfil the market’s expectation of a continuous flow of identical products with certain constant specifications. The research presented here seeks to question these limitations and provide another approach to the use of wood in construction. The study involves complex geometry handling, architectural design, and material and structural considerations. Trees absorb CO₂ during growth, and as a construction material, wood can function as CO₂ storage, thereby reducing the levels in the atmosphere during the lifetime of the building—and even longer if the building components can be reused. We have seen a significant rise in wood construction over the past few years. This is partly due to growing climate awareness and the increased availability of engineered wood products (EWP). EWPs are reliant on uniform tree production. With growing interest in using wood for construction, an increase in plantation forests is predicted, leading to a lack of biodiversity in the affected areas. The consideration for the general climate expressed through the increased use of wood as a building material may thus appear to be in contrast to the efforts to improve biodiversity. This research seeks to provide an alternative route where non-uniform wood, usually used as firewood, can be used as a construction material. The project demonstrates possibilities that emerge from engaging with the wood as a specific occurrence of a biological entity rather than a standardised material. While historical precedents inspire the research, the project has been developed using digital tools, such as laser scanning, algorithmic design and robotic fabrication. We have developed a unique design-to-production workflow that uses curved natural wood in its original form to enable curved architectural designs. The workflow thereby links the inherent properties of the wood to a distinct mode of expression. The wood is retrieved from a sawmill that collects discarded tree trunks from local forests. The sawlogs are registered with a 3D scanner, and a customised parametric method is used to handle the geometric information and establish a database of the irregular saw logs. A custom-made algorithmic design tool identifies where the sawlogs fit best in a predefined construction design based on the database. Machining data is directly extracted for the subsequent robotic processing. The irregular shape of the material suggests a discrete analysis of the structural properties of each component. A series of destructive physical tests are carried out to indicate the capacity of the structural system and the joint solution. To demonstrate the viability of the workflow, study challenges in controlling tolerances and humidity, and develop an assembly strategy, we have produced a construction prototype of 15 membe","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"2 4","pages":"493 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50042547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}