Architecture, Structures and Construction最新文献

{"title":"A-T-G Louvers: a novel geometry and material driven spatial syntax for flexible structures","authors":"Mohammad Hassan Saleh Tabari,&nbsp;Fereshteh Khojastehmehr,&nbsp;Günther H. Filz","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00150-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00150-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The urgency of the climate crisis has led to a critical re-evaluation of architectural construction practices. We propose integrating social and environmental aspects into sustainable architectural design, emphasizing resource efficiency by lightweight structures. Elastic grid structures that use flexible, linear elements to span spaces are typically lightweight and optimized for material efficiency, often resulting in repetitive patterns. Similar to elastic grid structures, in nature Weaverbirds bend and twist long, flexible strips to arrange the pattern of their nest structure based on their comfort in their surrounding environment. We explore possibilities aimed at balancing material resources with architectural, structural, and environmental considerations in the design of elastic grid structures. Inspired by Weaverbirds, this paper presents the design, simulation, generation and evaluation of a spatial grid structure with a bespoke combination of strip patterns to control glare, addressing a social aspect of sustainability. The realized structure presents the Asymptotic-Twist-Geodesic (A-T-G) Louvers as an alternative to conventional blinds for office and computer workspaces. The A-T-G Louvers combine two common strip pattern types: geodesic, where the profile is tangential to the surface, and asymptotic, where the profile is orthogonal to the surface, to achieve a more none-repetitive design. To ensure a smooth transition between these two patterns types, the continuous strip profile twists by 90° along its longitudinal direction. Results show an environmentally friendly, low waste lightweight structure that significantly improves indoor comfort, specifically glare. The realized A-T-G Louvers signal a reemergence of flexible grid structures with increased design freedom for sustainable lightweight architecture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00150-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedagogical analysis of construction workshops in architecture programs to teach structure and construction","authors":"Laurens Luyten,&nbsp;Ivo Vrouwe,&nbsp;Öykü Acican","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00146-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00146-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Construction workshops, in which architecture students create physical artefacts, have long been an important part of the architectural curriculum. One well-known type is the design-build workshop, where students participate from conceptual design to real building construction. Still, other types exist, such as model-building workshops to create and test structural systems. While construction workshops are essential in the architectural education of structures and construction, knowledge gaps remain regarding (1) the learning goals they provide, (2) the main characteristics of their learning environment, (3) the evaluation of the student learning, and (4) the interrelation of these factors. </p><p>This study conducts a pedagogical analysis of construction workshops using a mixed qualitative research method and triangulating data collected from a substantial literature review and interviews with 11 experienced workshop tutors across Europe. The top-down coding of the data was guided by the extensive workshop experience of the authors and theories of constructive alignment, project-based learning, experiential learning, game-based learning, and collaborative learning, with learning goals divided into skills, knowledge, attitudes, and values. </p><p>The findings map a wide range of learning goals that construction workshops can provide and identify the main characteristics of the learning environment. Additionally, this paper presents various factors that motivate student engagement and learning, as well as an analysis of the learning evaluation. </p><p>This research aims to enhance the understanding of the educational qualities and design of construction workshops, and calls for further studies on the impact of learning environments on learning outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tectonic culture of Reed—explorations into a biogenic architecture for the future","authors":"Line Kjaer Frederiksen,&nbsp;Lykke Oesterby Arnfred,&nbsp;Anne Beim","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00148-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents a retrospective analysis of the practice-based research project <i>Burned &amp; Bundled – Unfolding the Will of the Material</i> (2022–23), which explores the tectonic potentials of reed as a sustainable building material in present construction industry. The project resulted in creating full-scale building elements displayed at the exhibition <i>Reset Materials – Toward Sustainable Architecture</i> at Copenhagen Contemporary 2023. The research project was driven by the imperative not to use materials that are depleting resources or affecting ecological systems negatively. Thus, reed was investigated due to its relevance as a biogenic material. The tectonic and cultural dimensions of reed applied for construction have been emphasized, aiming to uncover both the opportunities and challenges associated with using the material in present-day architecture. The experiments included traditional craft techniques such as sowing and bundling in combination with prefabrication methods, resulting in innovative façade panels and structural arches. In addition, application of natural fire retardants to the facade panels, was conducted in collaboration with the Danish Institute of Fire and Security. In sum, the research highlights reed's potentials in contemporary building practices. The article situates this research within the broader context of architectural theory, particularly examining the development of a traditional craft within the contemporary construction industry – the evolution of a craft. When designing and experimenting with reed as a contemporary material rather than a relic of the past, the project contributes to a renewed understanding of reed’s relevance in sustainable architecture, advocating for its tectonic and tactile re-integration into present-day building culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nested stone pasts and futures: stone reuse prototyping at St Leonard’s Hill","authors":"Oliver Wilton,&nbsp;Matthew Barnett Howland,&nbsp;Thomas Parker","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00149-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00149-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper asks how digital workflows can help enable stone reuse that can give a low-carbon, resource efficient form of construction which carries forward elements of material culture. The potential is considered for this process to inform and enable an evolved architectural language and aesthetic of structural stone that relates to the provenance of the stones used. The focus of the paper is on the development of a workflow, design and production of a prototype structural stone trabeated portal cut from building stone from an historic demolished house at St Leonard’s Hill, Berkshire. The stereotomy of the historic stones is nested from the quarried blocks that they were originally cut from, and the stereotomy of the prototype portal blocks is the next step in this sequence of nested stone (re)cutting and (re)use. In this way, as the stones cycle through the built environment, all possible future stereotomy is nested within their current forms, and as these forms diminish, so the horizon of all possible future forms narrows. This is something considered in the nesting and cutting of the stones for the prototype, with some stone faces freshly cut and some left uncut, carrying forward their past form and character. This can be understood as fitting within the broad tradition of spolia with, in this case, both resource efficiency and cultural heritage being considered in the design of the stone recutting and reuse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00149-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing thermal-mechanical properties of wood powder cellulose-based composites for 3D-printed architectural components","authors":"Ashish Jain,&nbsp;Guy Austern,&nbsp;Shany Barath","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00141-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00141-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The construction industry is a major contributor to global CO₂ emissions, necessitating sustainable alternatives for building materials. Additive manufacturing (AM) using wood-based composites offers an eco-friendly solution for thermal insulation applications. This study explores the thermal and mechanical properties of wood powder–carboxymethyl cellulose composites fabricated via liquid deposition modeling (LDM). Six formulations incorporating industrial wood waste from beech and oak, with varied particle sizes, were developed to evaluate their extrudability, structural stability, and insulation efficiency. Material characterization included thermal conductivity testing via the transient plane source method and compressive strength assessment following ISO standards. Results indicate that particle size and wood species significantly influence material properties. Finer wood particles yielded higher compressive strength, whereas coarser particles exhibited lower conductivity, enhancing insulation performance. The best-performing formulation (B2: beech wood, medium particle size) demonstrated a balanced thermal conductivity of 0.188 W/m·K and compressive strength of 3 MPa. To assess large-scale buildability, a 3D-printed block component (200 × 350 × 220 mm) was fabricated. A refined formulation with reduced water improved print stability, demonstrating the viability of LDM for producing rigid, lightweight insulation blocks. This research establishes a foundational understanding of AM wood composites for thermal insulation, offering insights into material formulation, printability, and structural behavior. The findings underscore the potential of bio-based AM in sustainable construction, paving the way for scalable applications of wood waste in energy-efficient building systems. Future work will focus on optimizing binder composition, refining printing strategies, and exploring reinforcement techniques to enhance mechanical properties while maintaining thermal efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00141-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of BIM and robotic fabrication for sustainable design and manufacturing of free-form building façade panels in off-site construction","authors":"Amirhossein Mehdipoor,&nbsp;Walid Anane,&nbsp;Sahar Mehdipoorkaloorazi,&nbsp;Ivanka Iordanova","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00142-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00142-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The construction industry faces persistent challenges related to inefficiency, high energy consumption, and environmental impacts, necessitating innovative approaches to sustainable building practices. These challenges are further amplified in off-site construction (OSC) manufacturing of free-form components like façade panels, which demand extensive coordination, labor, and time due to their complex geometries and unique designs. This research addresses these issues by integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and robotic fabrication to develop a parametric methodology for optimizing façade designs in OSC. The methodology incorporates generative design to evaluate and select façade solutions based on minimizing solar radiation and façade area, while adhering to energy efficiency and sustainability criteria. A mock-up case study was used to validate the approach, utilizing BIM to generate a Building Energy Model (BEM) for energy performance analysis. The findings demonstrate significant reductions in solar radiation through the selected façade designs, highlighting the methodology’s potential to improve environmental performance. By incorporating digital fabrication and robotic manufacturing, the methodology mitigates the challenges of producing free-form components, streamlining production, reducing labor intensity, and enhancing accuracy. This research contributes a scalable framework for sustainable façade design and fabrication, advancing the efficiency and adaptability of OSC workflows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00142-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forgotten resource, untapped potential – rediscovering Swiss natural stone as a load-bearing building material","authors":"Franziska Singer,&nbsp;Nelly Pilz,&nbsp;Elli Mosayebi","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00145-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00145-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural stone, recognised as one of the oldest, most resilient, and sustainable materials, has been largely overlooked in Switzerland’s transition to ecological construction methods. Current usages in architecture, often limited to facade cladding or interiors, generate considerable CO2 emissions due to intensive processing and long transport routes; however, if used in an unprocessed state, stone could achieve a markedly lower CO2 footprint. Despite its high compressive strength, only a minimal portion of the 300′000 m³ of Swiss stone extracted annually is used in load-bearing structures, with nearly 50% classified as residual waste. This research introduces two architectural strategies aimed at utilising the environmental potential of Swiss natural stone as load-bearing material. The strategies are based on observations in Swiss quarries and are introduced in this paper in four case studies, which were developed during two design studios at the ETH Zurich, Department of Architecture. The aspects extraction, processing, transportation, installation and disassembly are addressed in all four case studies. The first strategy employs large-format, minimally processed blocks, while the second incorporates residual ‘waste’. Both strategies focus on improving the efficiency of quarry operations while leveraging the ecological and aesthetic advantages of natural stone to its fullest potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00145-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, construction and assessment of FLO:RE – the prototype of a low-carbon building floor made of reused concrete elements and steel profiles","authors":"Célia Küpfer,&nbsp;Malena Bastien-Masse,&nbsp;Numa Bertola,&nbsp;Corentin Fivet","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00138-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00138-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carefully extracting reinforced concrete (RC) elements from soon-to-be demolished structures and reusing them directly as load-bearing elements in new buildings is an emerging circular low-carbon resource-management strategy. As floor construction typically accounts for a large share of a building’s upfront carbon footprint, designing floors with reused RC elements is a promising, yet little explored, approach to lower a building’s embodied carbon. This paper presents the concept, design, construction and assessment of a new load-bearing floor system for an office building made with reused saw-cut RC pieces and reused steel profiles. The system reuses the existing properties of widely discarded construction materials – RC and steel – and is dismountable. To demonstrate the system’s technical feasibility and assess its structural and environmental performance, a 30-m² prototype – FLO:RE – is designed, built with elements reclaimed from local demolition sites, tested and finally dismantled. Reclaimed material property testing and prototype load testing confirm the structural-design safety. A Life-Cycle Assessment shows unprecedentedly low upfront embodied carbon, with results as low as 15 to 5 kgCO₂e/m², i.e., 80–94% reductions compared to conventional new RC flat slabs. This research demonstrates the untapped technical and environmental potential of reusing saw-cut RC elements in bending in structurally performant floor systems. Through this novel ultra-low-carbon solution, the study supports the efficient use of existing resources and calls for considering soon-to-be demolished RC and steel structures as potential mines of suitable quality materials ready to be reused locally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00138-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting structural Lazo carpentry: geometry, mechanics, and construction","authors":"Wesam Al Asali,&nbsp;Ángel María Martín López,&nbsp;Robin Oval,&nbsp;Orsolya Gaspar,&nbsp;Antonio José Lara-Bocanegra,&nbsp;Almudena Majano-Majano,&nbsp;Sigrid Adriaenssens","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00137-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00137-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the potential of traditional Spanish timber roofs as a structural system that blends framework carpentry with Islamic geometric patterns for contemporary construction. By integrating historical craftsmanship with modern engineering techniques, the research investigates solutions for spherical Lazo carpentry, where Lazo, or strapwork, designs fulfill both ornamental and structural roles. A key focus is the design, analysis, and fabrication of a four-meter-span Lazo pavilion, employing polyhedral projections to form modular spherical surfaces. Structural performance is evaluated through physical tests of materials and joints leading to an exploration of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the whole structure. The project also explores the construction and disassembly of the Lazo pavilion through defining the detailing of its different joints. The findings promise applications in spatial and shell structures, such as gridshells inspired by interlaced Lazo domes, providing a roadmap for designing structural Lazo discrete shells. Collaborating with architects, engineers, and master carpenters, this research enhances understanding across geometry, carpentry, structural mechanics, timber engineering, and architectural design while laying the groundwork for further exploration of this vernacular structural craft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-025-00137-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main mechanical properties of recycled plastic strap fiber reinforced concrete based on destructive and non-destructive tests","authors":"Bedar Rauf Hassan,&nbsp;Hemn Unis Ahmed,&nbsp;Rabar H.Faraj,&nbsp;Rozhno Omer Mustafa,&nbsp;Bakhan Rasool,&nbsp;Sana Ari,&nbsp;Beryan Burhan","doi":"10.1007/s44150-025-00143-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-025-00143-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of recycled strap plastic fibers, derived from industrial packaging waste, offers a sustainable approach to enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete while addressing environmental concerns. This study evaluated the effectiveness of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strap fibers, sourced from industrial packaging waste, in concrete mixes. Seven groups of specimens were prepared: one control group without fibers and six groups reinforced with fibers of aspect ratios 12.5 and 25. Each fiber-reinforced group was further divided into subgroups with volume fractions of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. Mechanical properties were investigated using non-destructive tests, density measurements, and destructive tests for compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The results demonstrated that shorter fibers (aspect ratio 12.5) performed better than longer ones in enhancing mechanical properties, with 0.75% fiber volume fraction identified as optimal. Improvements of approximately 35%, 16%, and 26% were observed in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}