Architecture, Structures and Construction最新文献

{"title":"Twisting skyscrapers: a multidisciplinary review of architectural, structural, and construction challenges","authors":"Ali H. Omar,&nbsp;Esamaddin M. Mulapeer,&nbsp;Bakhtyar Nassih Najar,&nbsp;Yusra Muhammed","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00234-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00234-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past two decades, the twisting skyscraper has emerged as a prominent typology in contemporary urbanism, driven by real-estate markets capitalizing on iconic silhouettes and panoramic view premiums. However, the engineering realization of helical high-rises is governed by a fundamental multidisciplinary trade-off: the geometric manipulation required to mitigate aerodynamic excitation simultaneously degrades internal structural stiffness, generates second-order gravity torsion, and introduces severe constructability penalties. This paper presents a systematic review of the architectural, aerodynamic, structural, and construction engineering trade-offs inherent in twisting tall buildings. Drawing upon peer-reviewed parametric studies (CFD and FEA) and landmark built case studies—including the Shanghai Tower, Cayan Tower, and Grove at Grand Bay—this study demonstrates that while helical forms can reduce characteristic across-wind forces by up to 24% by disrupting the spatial correlation of vortex shedding, this benefit comes at the expense of accelerated lateral drift, second-order <span>(:Ptext{-}{Delta:}:)</span>torsional amplification, and a 5% to 15% reduction in net-to-gross floor area efficiency. Diagrid systems exhibit the highest resilience against stiffness degradation compared to conventional framed and braced tubes, while eccentric column geometries produce permanent gravity-induced torques that require innovative countermeasures such as roof hat trusses, composite core shear keys, and construction-phase rotational cambering. Furthermore, non-standardized floor plates increase construction cycle times by 40% to 100%, imposing schedule carrying costs that can offset upfront material savings. A multi-parameter evaluation matrix of built case studies is established, and the review demonstrates how Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) and machine-learning algorithms are increasingly indispensable to mathematically resolve the competing demands of aerodynamic performance, structural integrity, spatial usability, and project economics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bill-of-quantities-based A1-A5 carbon governance for school building projects: an auditable scenario and sensitivity framework","authors":"Saleem Ahmed Al-Azazi","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00231-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00231-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Construction-stage carbon governance requires methods that can operate with ordinary procurement records while exposing evidence limitations. This study presents an auditable bill-of-quantities (BOQ)-driven workflow for life-cycle modules A1-A5. The method combines governed text normalization, numerical confidence scores cross-walked to C0-C3 review classes, independent product-factor and unit-compatibility checks, canonical quantity and mass fields, correction logs, coverage disclosure, and an input-derived synthetic A5 demand-supply model. A retained portfolio of 256 BOQ rows across five anonymized school-type projects is examined under a declared generic factor basis. The final product-compatibility audit separates 68 primary factor-compatible A1-A4 rows (26.6%) from 54 proxy-inclusive exploratory rows and 134 zero-modeled rows. The primary A1-A4 subtotal is 35.076 tCO2e, whereas the proxy-inclusive exploratory subtotal is 141.164 tCO2e, demonstrating the material effect of product-factor compatibility. Four causal A5 cases separate demand and direct-fuel management from supply-factor change. Using a 2026 residual-mix factor and a stationary-diesel factor, the full illustrative package changes the primary-layer total from 108.621 to 59.382 tCO2e (45.33%) and the proxy-inclusive exploratory total from 214.709 to 146.147 tCO2e (31.93%). These are conditional synthetic outputs, not project forecasts or validated abatement. The contribution is a refreshable governance framework that distinguishes factor-compatible results, exploratory proxies, zero-modeled evidence gaps, and causal A5 assumptions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefabrication of structural walls from large mineral rubble","authors":"Maxence Grangeot,&nbsp;Célia Küpfer,&nbsp;Malena Bastien-Masse,&nbsp;Sarra Ben Haouala,&nbsp;Jérémy Bras,&nbsp;Stefana Parascho,&nbsp;Corentin Fivet","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00229-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00229-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a new, low-carbon prefabrication process for load-bearing structural walls. It reuses large flat concrete and stone rubble sourced from demolition waste, is readily scalable, and operates under controlled factory conditions, combining the structural logic of masonry with industrialized concrete prefabrication methods. The process begins by sourcing the mineral rubble pieces from demolition sites or recycling centers. Each piece is digitally inventoried by processing pictures taken on the worksite. The pieces are then virtually selected and arranged to determine their best assembly geometry, maximizing load-bearing capacity while minimizing void volume. Next, the pieces are placed horizontally on a tilting table according to the generated layout. A low-impact recycled concrete is poured into the voids. Once the material has hardened, the wall is tilted and lifted in its vertical orientation. Four full-scale walls have been built to assess technical feasibility, environmental performance, and structural behavior, and to provide relevant insights into productivity and potential process improvements. Preliminary compression testing demonstrates sufficient resistance for structural walls in low- to mid-rise buildings under conventional loads. Prototypical fabrication highlighted lower fabrication speed and higher labor demand than for traditional precast concrete walls, while optimistic estimates of batch processing suggest similar fabrication rates. A Life Cycle Assessment shows reductions of up to 83% in CO₂eq emissions compared with recycled concrete walls, while significantly increasing the circularity of concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-026-00229-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent forecasting of banana fiber concrete performance using artificial neural networks","authors":"Ashwini B.T,&nbsp;Chethan V.R","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00228-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00228-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Banana fiber reinforced concrete has emerged as a sustainable construction material owing to its renewable nature and improved crack resistance. However, experimental evaluation of its mechanical properties is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. This study develops an Artificial Neural Network model to predict the compressive and split tensile strengths of Banana fiber reinforced concrete using experimental data. The experimental program incorporated untreated and alkali-treated banana fibres with varying fiber volume fractions, while fly ash was used as a partial cement replacement and Super AURMAX 200 as a chemical admixture. A total of 109 experimental datasets were compiled, of which 76 datasets were used for training and 33 datasets for testing<b>.</b> The Artificial Neural Network model employed a multilayer feed-forward architecture trained using the back propagation algorithm. Model performance was evaluated using RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and regression analysis. Experimental results indicated that 0.5% untreated banana fiber produced the highest compressive and split tensile strengths, whereas alkali treatment significantly improved fiber–matrix bonding. The developed Artificial Neural Network demonstrated good agreement between predicted and experimental results, confirming its capability for reliable prediction of Banana fiber reinforced concrete strength. The proposed model provides a practical tool for reducing experimental effort and supporting sustainable concrete mix design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectural pattern analytics: from design studio projects to spatial evidence","authors":"Nuno Montenegro","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00215-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00215-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Architectural design projects register decisions about site, access, movement, density, open space, and contextual integration, yet this reasoning is distributed across heterogeneous drawings, models, plans, diagrams, and critiques. This article introduces Architectural Pattern Analytics (APA) as a framework for transforming design-studio projects into structured spatial evidence through architectural abstraction, spatial encoding, visual aggregation, interpretive synthesis, and architectural interpretation. APA is demonstrated in a one-semester studio at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Lisbon, involving 22 s-year students who developed proposals for a padel school on the Cascais waterfront, Portugal. Building mass, exterior space, circulation, and accessibility were source-encoded from anonymized submissions; density and location were derived from those encodings and the registered site base. The quantitative demonstration relies principally on building-mass and circulation data, while exterior-space and accessibility evidence supports supplementary readings. CAD-supported registration, spreadsheet-based encoding, heatmap visualization, and comparative spatial reading identified a primary building nucleus, recurrent circulation spine, secondary activity zones, minority siting deviations, and underexplored lower and southern areas. These are cohort-level architectural interpretations grounded in evidence of different status, not equivalent outputs of six independent layers. The contribution is an auditable protocol that preserves architectural judgment. This case demonstrates feasibility in one studio; cross-context applicability requires independent testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective experimental optimization of sustainable concrete incorporating incinerator bottom ash and copper mining tailings","authors":"Sandeep Singh,&nbsp;Indrajeet Sahu,&nbsp;Bhargav P. Majmundar,&nbsp;Roshita David,&nbsp;Jagdeep Singh,&nbsp;Vanitha S.,&nbsp;Gaurav Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00225-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00225-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The construction sector is increasingly evaluating industrial residues as substitutes for conventional cement and aggregate. This study investigates incinerator bottom ash (IBA) as a partial cement replacement and copper mining tailings (CMT) as a fine-aggregate replacement. A two-factor, four-level L16 experimental matrix comprising 16 mixtures was used to evaluate fresh, mechanical, durability-related, and microstructural responses. IBA was the dominant factor in the measured strength response: 28-day compressive strength decreased from 49.53 MPa in the control mixture to approximately 30 MPa at 20% IBA, whereas CMT had a smaller effect and IBA0-CMT20 reached 50.77 MPa. The one-factor ANOVA attributed most of the variation in compressive strength (eta squared = 0.99), density (eta squared = 1.00), slump (eta squared = 0.95), and porosity (eta squared = 0.92) to IBA level. SEM, XRD, and FTIR observations linked the high-IBA response to binder dilution, reduced continuity of hydration products, and greater porosity. Within the tested materials and curing regime, replacing 20% of natural sand with CMT preserved the target compressive strength when IBA was not used. Independent batches, material-specific characterization, leaching assessment, and long-term durability testing are needed before field application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discrete-event scheduling framework for structural system selection under crane and crew constraints: application to discuss a hybrid precast building","authors":"Abtin Baghdadi,&nbsp;Harald Kloft","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00226-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00226-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanisation and population growth mean that, for multi-storey projects, construction time under realistic crane and crew constraints can be as decisive as material quantities in structural system selection. This paper presents a discrete-event, optimisation-supported formulation of the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) to compare alternative structural systems under explicit limits on labour, technicians, cranes, and hoists. A digital building model is mapped to a precedence- and resource-constrained task network, simulated in a discrete-event engine, and coupled with Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) to search for schedules with reduced project makespan, denoted by <span>(C_{max })</span>, while tracking resource utilisation and direct site resource-cost indicators. A Hybrid Precast Concrete–Steel Frame (HPCSF), designed to support high prefabrication, early enclosure, and task-level concurrency, is evaluated against three alternatives: cast-in-situ reinforced concrete (RC), a steel frame with in-situ floors, and a commercial precast skeletal frame in a six-storey residential case. Under a common baseline set-up, optimised on-site construction durations are 367, 285, and 271 days for the conventional systems, compared with 200 days for HPCSF. Within the on-site construction and assembly boundary of the model, the corresponding direct site resource-cost indicator is about 22–39% lower for HPCSF relative to the three reference systems, and resource use is more even. This indicator does not include off-site fabrication, transportation, storage, quality control, or supply-chain costs. Parametric variations in crew and lifting/hoisting capacities reveal saturation plateaux and indicate that, under the assumed on-site resource-rich scenarios, HPCSF can translate additional lifting/hoisting capacity into larger reductions in <span>(C_{max })</span> than the reference systems, reaching about 82–100 days only when high crew, hoist, and crane capacities are simultaneously available. Overall, the results demonstrate how schedulability under explicit resource constraints can be incorporated into early structural-system selection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44150-026-00226-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a dynamic explicit modelling strategy for fire-induced progressive collapse of steel frames","authors":"Riza Suwondo,&nbsp;Religiana Hendarti,&nbsp;Lee Cunningham,&nbsp;Habibie Razak","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00227-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00227-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire-induced progressive collapse of steel structures is commonly investigated using nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. Although the Static General solution procedure is widely used, it often encounters convergence difficulties when severe geometric nonlinearity and structural instability develop near collapse. This study developed and experimentally benchmarked a Dynamic Explicit FE modelling strategy for predicting the collapse behaviour of steel frames subjected to localised fires. A published fire experiment was used for validation. The model incorporates temperature-dependent steel properties, geometric nonlinearity, and experimentally measured temperature history. Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the effects of artificial loading duration, Rayleigh damping coefficient, and mesh size using both structural response and energy-based indicators, namely the kinetic-to-internal energy (KE/IE) and viscous dissipation-to-internal energy (VD/IE) ratios. The selected Dynamic Explicit model, comprising a loading duration of 16 s, zero Rayleigh damping, and a mesh size of 0.05 m, successfully reproduced the thermal expansion, collapse initiation, and post-collapse response observed experimentally. In contrast, the Static General procedure accurately predicted the pre-collapse behaviour but failed to capture the unstable collapse process. The proposed modelling strategy provides practical guidance for applying Dynamic Explicit analysis to the fire-induced progressive collapse of steel structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable construction and demolition waste management: a systematic review of circular economy and life cycle assessment","authors":"Pooja Singh,&nbsp;Manjari Chakraborty,&nbsp;Rizwan Kazmi","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00221-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00221-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Construction and Demolition Waste (C&amp;DW) has become a prominent environmental issue due to the rapid pace of urbanisation and construction activity. Inefficient management of C&amp;DW has significant implications for resource depletion, land degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, there is a need for sustainable management of C&amp;DW. The study aims to present a systematic literature review (SLR) on Construction and Demolition Waste Management (C&amp;DWM) with specific emphasis on circular economy (CE) strategies, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques, policy framework and quantification methods. The literature review is conducted using a structured approach, in which 110 studies are identified using a five-step screening methodology. In contrast to existing review studies, which focus on these aspects individually, the current research provides an integrated and critical synthesis of CE, quantification techniques, and LCA-based environmental assessment in the context of C&amp;DWM systems. The results show gaps in the absence of standardised methods for estimation, the limited incorporation of LCA into decision-making processes, and the limited alignment between policy frameworks and CE in developing countries. From the review of existing studies, several gaps have been identified, including a lack of standardised estimation techniques, limited integration of LCA into decision-making, and weak alignment between policy frameworks and CE objectives, especially in developing countries. The paper concludes by highlighting research gaps and proposing future research directions to develop more integrated, data-driven, and implementation-oriented frameworks for the sustainable management of C&amp;DW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative numerical assessment of fire-damaged steel connections under cyclic loading","authors":"Roham Maher,&nbsp;Asal Pournaghshband","doi":"10.1007/s44150-026-00224-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44150-026-00224-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The residual cyclic performance of fire-damaged beam–column connections is critical when assessing the potential reuse, repair, or replacement of steel structures. This study presents a comparative numerical investigation of connections fabricated from SN400YB carbon steel and austenitic EN 1.4404, duplex EN 1.4462, and ferritic EN 1.4003 stainless steels. A three-dimensional finite element model was validated against published post-fire cyclic tests on SN400YB connections using experimentally reported residual material properties measured after the prescribed thermal exposure and natural-air cooling. The model achieved an average discrepancy of 3.93%, with maximum differences below 9%, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent comparative assessment. The validated framework was then extended to the stainless-steel cases using grade-specific residual post-fire properties together with representative cyclic plasticity parameters. By maintaining identical geometry, boundary conditions, and loading protocol, the study provides a consistent comparison of material- and temperature-dependent cyclic trends across the investigated grades. FE was used as the reference structural model, while Taguchi analysis quantified the relative influence of the investigated parameters and ANN provided a nonlinear surrogate representation of the FE response. Performance was assessed in terms of moment capacity, displacement ductility, hysteretic energy dissipation, and rupture index. Temperature was found to be the dominant parameter, whereas the investigated connection details had a secondary influence. Within the adopted numerical framework, EN 1.4462 exhibited the most favourable comparative response, while EN 1.4003 showed the greatest degradation at the higher exposure temperatures, providing comparative insight into the post-fire cyclic behaviour of the investigated steel grades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture, Structures and Construction","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}