Applied Turfgrass Science最新文献

{"title":"Recovery of ‘Chisholm’ Zoysiagrass after Sod Harvest as Affected by Simazine and Nitrogen Fertility","authors":"Cole Thompson, Jack Fry","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0031-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0031-BR","url":null,"abstract":"‘ CHISHOLM’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), evaluated as DALZ 0102 in the 2002 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program, is a vegetatively propagated zoysiagrass recently released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research-Dallas, TX and Kansas State University. Chisholm has a rapid rate of establishment (Okeyo et al., 2011), and forms a medium-coarse textured turf with high quality and cold hardiness that is appropriate for use in lawns, recreational areas, and golf course roughs in the Midwestern transition zone. More information is needed regarding efects of N fertility and herbicidal weed control on Chisholm recovery ater sod harvest before widespread production. he preemergence herbicides oxadiazon and pendimethalin can increase stolon production and establishment rate of ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Z. japonica) from plugs when annual grassy weeds are prevalent (Fry et al., 1986). Simazine is a commonly used preemergence herbicide in warm-season turf production that does not negatively afect sod tensile strength or rooting of ‘Emerald’ zoysiagrass (Z. japonica × Z. paciica Goudsw.) (Dickens et al., 1989). Chisholm, Meyer, and several experimental Emerald × Meyer progeny have similar recovery rates ater sod harvest (Okeyo et al., 2010), but nothing is known about how N fertility or herbicides inluence Chisholm recovery. he objective of our study was to determine if Chisholm recovery ater harvest is inluenced by simazine or N application level. he experiment was conducted in 2011 and repeated in 2012 on Chisholm zoysiagrass at the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center in Manhattan, KS. Turf was mowed at three inches once weekly and irrigated to prevent drought stress before, and during the study. Sod was cut to a depth of 1 inch on 8 June 2011 and 22 May 2012 with a sod cutter (Ryan Jr. Sod Cutter, Schiller Grounds Care, Inc., Johnson Creek, WI). Sod strips were not let behind, and all Chisholm recovery was from rhizomes. he experimental design was a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Whole-plots measured 3.0 × 9.0 t and included: (i) simazine Published in Applied Turfgrass Science DOI 10.2134/ATS-2013-0031-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0031-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93194350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatility of Broadleaf Weed Herbicides When Applied to Turfgrass","authors":"Zane Raudenbush,&nbsp;Steven J. Keeley","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0030-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0030-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laboratory and field studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the volatility of commonly used turfgrass broadleaf herbicides when applied to tall fescue (<i>Lolium arundinaceum</i> Schreb.). Herbicides were applied at the highest label rate for dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) control. Turfgrass flats treated with herbicides were placed in enclosures containing tomato plants. In laboratory experiments, tomatoes exposed to turfgrass treated with products containing amine formulations of synthetic auxin herbicides exhibited minimal injury, but exposure to products containing low-volatile ester formulations caused significant negative effects on tomato quality, epinasty, and callus formation. Generally, products containing low-volatile ester formulations of synthetic auxin herbicides exhibited less volatility, compared to 2,4-D butyl ester (volatile standard). A subsequent field study corroborated the laboratory results, although injury symptoms were less severe. Turfgrass managers should avoid herbicides containing low-volatile ester formulations when vulnerable non-target plants are nearby, and/or when environmental conditions such as high temperature favor volatility.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0030-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111829678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Rotational Traction of Athletic Footwear on Varying Playing Surfaces Using Different Normal Loads","authors":"T.J. Serensits,&nbsp;A.S. McNitt","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0073-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0073-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an athlete accelerates, stops, and changes direction, numerous forces are transmitted to the lower extremities. The interaction between an athlete's shoe and the playing surface has been indicated as a factor in lower extremity injury risk. In particular, high rotational forces may result in increased injuries to the lower extremities. Rotational traction forces produced by eight different cleated shoes on Kentucky bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i> L.), AstroTurf GameDay Grass 3D, FieldTurf Revolution, and Sportexe Omnigrass 51 under three normal loads (vertical forces) of 787, 1054, and 1321 N were measured using Pennfoot, a portable traction testing device. Of the treatments in this study, shoe type influenced rotational traction most, with differences among shoes being nearly four times as large as those among playing surfaces. Traction was either the same or within several Nm on each surface tested. Traction on the three synthetic turf surfaces ranged from 49.3 to 53.1 Nm and the traction level of Kentucky bluegrass was 52.3 Nm. Traction levels among shoes ranged from 43.8 to 58.6 Nm. The results of this study indicate that footwear selection has a larger effect on rotational traction, and potentially injury risk, than the playing surfaces evaluated in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0073-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109443259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Adjuvants on Flumioxazin Efficacy for Postemergence Annual Bluegrass and Residual Smooth Crabgrass Control","authors":"Thomas V. Reed,&nbsp;Patrick E. McCullough,&nbsp;Tim Grey","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0034-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0034-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flumioxazin is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibitor with potential for postemergence (POST) control of annual bluegrass (<i>Poa annua</i> L.) and preemergence (PRE) control of smooth crabgrass [<i>Digitaria ischaeum</i> (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] in bermudagrass [<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers.]. However, flumioxazin efficacy is reduced under low temperatures, and control is often inconsistent on mature annual bluegrass. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of adjuvants on flumioxazin efficacy for POST control of annual bluegrass and residual smooth crabgrass in bermudagrass. Tank-mixing methylated seed oil, nonionic surfactant, or ammonium sulfate did not improve POST annual bluegrass control from flumioxazin at 0.42 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha⁻¹ alone. Granular urea antagonized flumioxazin efficacy and increased the time to achieve 50% annual bluegrass control (C₅₀) by more than 4 weeks. Flumioxazin alone controlled annual bluegrass &gt;80% at 9 weeks after treatment in both years. All treatments provided excellent (90 to 100%) control of smooth crabgrass at 4 months after treatment (MAT) and ≥89% control at 5 MAT. All flumioxazin treatments provided &gt;70% control of smooth crabgrass and reduced grid count cover &gt;65% from the untreated at 7 MAT. Although adjuvants did not enhance speed of annual bluegrass control from late-winter applications, flumioxazin alone controlled annual bluegrass &gt;80%, and provided &gt;80% PRE control of smooth crabgrass.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0034-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100268738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Petroleum Diesel and Biodiesel Spills on Turfgrass","authors":"Donald M. Johnson,&nbsp;Don W. Edgar,&nbsp;Douglas E. Karcher,&nbsp;Michael D. Richardson,&nbsp;John H. McCalla","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0005-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0005-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study compared simulated spills of three fuel types at two temperatures on turf damage and recovery. Field research was initiated in Fayetteville, AR on 8 June 2012. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Factors included fuel type, application temperature, and turfgrass surface. Fuel types were petroleum diesel (PD), a 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel blend (B20), and 100% biodiesel (B100) applied at 32°C and at 74°C. Turfgrass surfaces included creeping bentgrass (<i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> L. ‘SR1020’) and bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> var. <i>dactylon</i> ‘Tifeagle’) putting greens and creeping bentgrass (‘SR1020’), bermudagrass (‘Tifsport’), and zoysiagrass (<i>Zoysia japonica</i> Steud. ‘Meyer’) fairways. For Trial 1, 20 mL was applied at the center of each 929-cm² plot on 8 June 2012, and data collection extended through 20 July 2012 (42 days). For Trial 2, 10 mL was applied at the center of each 929-cm² plot on 20 July 2012, and data collection extended through 31 Aug. 2012 (42 days). In 8 of 10 comparisons, there was a statistically significant fuel type-by-week-after-application interaction, with PD applications resulting in greater damage and slower recovery and B100 resulting in less damage and more rapid recovery. B20 was generally intermediate to PD and B100.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0005-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"105008842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mowing Before or After an Herbicide Application Does Not Influence Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea) Control","authors":"L. L. Beck,&nbsp;A. J. Patton,&nbsp;D. V. Weisenberger","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0017-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0017-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many turfgrass extension bulletins and herbicide labels recommend prolonging or suspending mowing practices 1 day or more before and/or after herbicide applications to increase efficacy. However, the effect of mowing timing on herbicide efficacy has not been sufficiently explored. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of herbicide selection and mowing timing relative to herbicide application on the control of ground ivy (<i>Glechoma hederacea</i> L.). The three mowing treatments included mowing 30 min before herbicide application, mowing 30 min after herbicide application, and not mowing for at least 7 days prior to and at least 3 days after herbicide application. Aminocyclopyrachlor resulted in the greatest reduction of ground ivy cover in 2011 and 2012. Like aminocyclopyrachlor, 2,4-D ester and metsulfuron reduced ground ivy cover both years, while triclopyr reduced ground ivy cover as well as aminocyclopyrachlor in 2012. Although 2,4-D + mecoprop (MCPP) + dicamba was not among the best performing herbicides, it reduced ground ivy cover compared with the untreated check in both years. There were no mowing or mowing-by-herbicide interactions on any of the rating dates. Thus, this research suggests that the timing of lawn mowing relative to herbicide application has little measurable impact on herbicide efficacy on ground ivy.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0017-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"94937158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Common Bermudagrass Mowing Height on Large Crabgrass Incidence","authors":"J. A. Hoyle,&nbsp;T. W. Gannon,&nbsp;F. H. Yelverton","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0065-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0065-BR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0065-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"105073083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flazasulfuron Tank Mixtures with Amicarbazone for Annual Bluegrass Control in Seashore Paspalum","authors":"Christopher R. Johnston,&nbsp;Patrick E. McCullough","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0086-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0086-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flazasulfuron may be safely applied to actively growing seashore paspalum (<i>Paspalum vaginatum</i> Sw.), but applications for annual bluegrass control in late winter or spring could be injurious. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate tank mixtures of flazasulfuron with amicarbazone at turf dormancy or partial greenup to determine if combinations could enhance annual bluegrass control and mitigate seashore paspalum injury compared to exclusive treatments. Single applications of flazasulfuron at 26 g a.i. ha⁻¹ at both timings provided good (80 to 89%) to excellent (&gt;90%) control of annual bluegrass in 2 of 3 years, while sequential applications provided ≥86% control at both timings in all 3 years. Tank mixtures of flazasulfuron at 26 g ha⁻¹ plus amicarbazone at 196 g ha⁻¹ significantly improved annual bluegrass control from flazasulfuron alone at 26 g ha⁻¹ at both timings in 2 of 3 years. Amicarbazone tank mixtures did not improve annual bluegrass control from flazasulfuron at 52 g ha⁻¹ alone at either timing. Late winter applications of amicarbazone at 196 g ha⁻¹ alone provided poor annual bluegrass control (&lt;70%) in 2 of 3 years while applications at turf greenup provided ≥88% control in all 3 years. Pronamide provided fair control (70 to 78%) and excellent control (≥90%) of annual bluegrass in 2 of 3 years when applied at dormancy or at greenup, respectively. All flazasulfuron treatments caused 36 to 54% injury when applied at greenup but single applications at dormancy caused 13 to 29% injury. Amicarbazone and pronamide alone never injured seashore paspalum greater than 17% at both application timings and treatments at greenup provided the best combinations of annual bluegrass control and turf tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0086-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92524417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed Control and Turf Safety of Single and Sequential Applications of Herbicides Over Spring Seedings","authors":"Matt D. Sousek,&nbsp;Roch E. Gaussoin,&nbsp;Aaron J. Patton,&nbsp;Daniel V. Weisenberger,&nbsp;Zachary J. Reicher","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0046-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0046-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Weed control is important during establishment of cool-season grasses, especially when seeded in spring near summer annual weed germination. Our objectives were to determine (i) turf safety and weed control from sequential applications of newly-released herbicides on tall fescue at three seeding dates (May, June, July) and (ii) turf safety and weed control from newly-released herbicides applied at seeding or shortly after emergence of spring-seeded Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue. No herbicides tested negatively affected turfgrass establishment and usually improved turf establishment by reducing weed competition. Mesotrione consistently provided effective weed control and turf cover from either single or sequential applications over different locations, years, seeding dates, and turf species. Quinclorac or siduron applied as single or sequential applications or quinclorac+carfentrazone as a single application provided effective weed control and turf cover depending on seeding date and application regime. Although spring seeding can be achieved with high maintenance, it is strongly recommended to seed cool season grasses at the optimal time from late summer to early fall.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0046-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100584920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Simulated Rainfall on Large Crabgrass Control with Two Quinclorac-Containing Herbicides","authors":"J. T. Brosnan,&nbsp;G. K. Breeden,&nbsp;J. J. Vargas","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0004-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0004-BR","url":null,"abstract":"L arge crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) is a common turfgrass weed throughout the transition zone and southern United States (1). Herbicides containing the active ingredient quinclorac are oten used for selective large crabgrass control. Quinclorac is sold alone under the trade name Drive XLR8 and is labeled for postemergence large crabgrass control in several warmand cool-season turfgrasses. Solitare is a 3:1 mixture of quinclorac and sulfentrazone also labeled for large crabgrass control. Rainfall can reduce eicacy of postemergence herbicides by washing spray solution from leaf surfaces before absorption and entry into the plant. Current labeling for both Drive XLR8 and Solitare indicates that foliage must remain dry for 24 h ater application. However, quinclorac has been shown to enter susceptible weeds through both foliar and root tissue (2). hus, rainfall within this 24-hour period may not negatively afect eicacy, providing turf managers a greater window of opportunity to make applications for large crabgrass control. herefore, our objective was to evaluate efects of simulated rainfall timing on the eicacy of Drive XLR8 and Solitare for large crabgrass control.","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0004-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107197341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}