Applied Turfgrass Science最新文献

{"title":"Mowing Requirement and Cost to Maintain Bermudagrass is Influenced by Cultivar Selection and Trinexapac-Ethyl Use","authors":"A. R. Kowalewski,&nbsp;B. M. Schwartz,&nbsp;A. L. Grimshaw,&nbsp;J. N. McCrimmon,&nbsp;J. M. Layton","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0019-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0019-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The average 18-hole golf course is predominantly comprised of rough areas, which are often maintained at a mowing height comparable to commercial, residential, and sports turfgrass areas. If the mowing frequency of these turfgrass areas were reduced without compromising aesthetic value by using cultivars with inherently slow vertical growth combined with plant growth regulators, the labor hours, fuel, and budget allocated to turf maintenance could be vastly decreased. The objective of this research was to determine if bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon</i> spp.) cultivar selection and trinexapac-ethyl (TE) use can significantly reduce the mowing events required to maintain bermudagrass at a 1.0-inch height with mowing frequency based on the one-third rule without compromising turfgrass aesthetics. Field research was initiated at Woodruff Farms, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton, GA on 11 Apr. 2011. Factors included year (2011 and 2012), month (July and August), bermudagrass cultivar [improved common types (<i>C. dactylon</i>) as well as hybrid crosses (<i>C. dactylon</i> × <i>C. transvaalensis</i>) and monthly applications of TE applied at a rate of 0.125 lbs of a.i. per acre compared to an untreated control. In 2011 ‘Discovery’ bermudagrass treated with TE required the lowest number of August mowing events to maintain the turf at a 1.0 inch height, followed by Discovery without TE and ‘Tifway’ treated with TE. In 2012 Discovery and ‘TifGrand’ treated with TE required the lowest number of mowing events. In 2011 and 2012 ‘Celebration’, ‘Patriot’, Tifway, and TifGrand without TE, as well as ‘DT-1’ with or without TE required the greatest number of mowing events. In 2011 turf quality of Celebration, TifGrand and DT-1 was reduced by TE applications, while in 2012 the quality of these cultivars as well as Tifway was reduced by TE applications. The visual quality of Discovery bermudagrass was not affected by TE application; however, this cultivar produced some of the lowest quality ratings with and without TE. If turf managers began utilizing slow growing bermudagrass cultivars coupled with TE use to decrease mowing frequency requirements, substantial reductions in labor hours and fuel consumption would be observed; however, reduced mowing frequency was associated with lower turf quality, and TE applications increased the maintenance budget of all the cultivars in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0019-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109963873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Timing of Glyphosate Application Influences Control of Poa trivialis","authors":"Cole Thompson,&nbsp;Jack Fry,&nbsp;Megan Kennelly,&nbsp;Matt Sousek,&nbsp;Zac Reicher","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0044-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0044-BR","url":null,"abstract":"Rough bluegrass (RBG; Poa trivialis L.) is a perennial cool-season turfgrass and a problematic weed in coolseason turf due to suboptimal color, invasive stoloniferous growth, and sensitivity to heat and drought. Naturalized populations spread vegetatively during routine aeration and from contamination in seed lots (Reicher et al., 2011). Bispyribac-sodium (Velocity) is the only product currently labeled for selective RBG removal in cool-season turf and is effective, but it can damage desirable species (McCullough and Hart, 2011) and is only labeled for sod-farm and golfcourse use. Nonselective herbicides are often the only option for RBG control in home lawns, but it is unclear if efficacy varies with seasonal application timing, like RBG response to bispyribac-sodium (McCullough and Hart, 2011). Rough bluegrass persistence is anecdotally reported after latesummer glyphosate application. Adkins and Barnes (2013) observed better Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) control with spring treatments of imazapic plus glyphosate, but tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) control was better following summer applications. Therefore, our objective was to determine if the seasonal timing of glyphosate application influences RBG control.","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0044-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"98178023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of Bella Bluegrass Compared to a Standard KBG Blend and Tall Fescue","authors":"Paul G. Johnson,&nbsp;Xin Dai,&nbsp;Roberto Gurgel","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0018-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0018-BR","url":null,"abstract":"A goal of low-input turfgrass is to reduce mowing, thereby reducing labor, fuel, and equipment expenses. A way to meet this goal is to develop grasses that grow slower. ‘Bella’ Kentucky bluegrass was released by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln as slow-growing variety of bluegrass. his experiment documents slightly to signiicantly slower growth of ‘Bella’ compared to a traditional Kentucky bluegrass sod blend and tall fescue grown in the Intermountain West region of North America. Consumers frequently seek grasses that need less mowing and fertilizer (Busey and Parker, 1992). Although turfgrasses recover from traic by growing, many uses don’t need fast growth due to minimal traic. With this in mind, ‘Bella’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) was released by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln as a slower growing variety compared to other bluegrasses (Shearman, 2010). his study was conducted to further test if Bella bluegrass grows slower than a standard blend of bluegrass and a tall fescue variety at two mowing heights and three fertilization rates in northern Utah.","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0018-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"102730766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civitas Increases Clipping Yield on a Cool-Season Putting Green","authors":"William C. Kreuser,&nbsp;Frank S. Rossi","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0012-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0012-BR","url":null,"abstract":"C IVITAS (Suncor Energy, Calgary, AB, Canada) is an isoparain horticultural oil marketed to enhance plant defense and is certiied by the Organic Materials Review Institute (www.omri.org). It triggers induced systemic resistance to diseases leading to reduced pesticide requirements for turfgrass (Cortes-Barco et al., 2010). To mask phytotoxicity, Civitas is mixed with a copper phlalocyanate-based pigment called Harmonizer (Suncor Energy, Calgary, AB, Canada). Civitas and Harmonizer can be mixed on site (called the Two-Pack) or premixed at the factory (called Civitas One). here are anecdotal reports of increased clipping yield and reduced ball roll distance following application of the Two-Pack to putting greens of cool-season grasses, but these claims have not been substantiated scientiically. Increased clipping yield or reduced ball roll distance may limit the use of Civitas. Our objective was to determine the efect of Civitas, Harmonizer, and their combination on the clipping yield of cool-season grasses maintained as a putting green. his study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 on a mature stand of 60% creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera Hud. ‘Penncross’) and 40% perennial biotype annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans) putting green at the Cornell University Bluegrass Lane Turf and Landscape Research Center in Ithaca, NY. he green was constructed approximately 15 years ago from the on-site Arkport ine sandy loam soil with a 3-inch layer of sand from monthly topdressing applications. Plots were mowed daily at 0.12 inches with a Toro Greensmaster 1000 (Toro Co., Bloomington, MN), fertilized weekly from May until October with urea at 0.1 lbs N/1000 t, and irrigated to prevent drought stress. he experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates of 8 by 4 t plots. Treatments included an untreated control, the high labeled rate of Civitas oil applied alone (16 l oz/1000t), Harmonizer pigment alone (1 l oz/1000t), and Civitas and Harmonizer mixed on-site (TwoPack; 16 and 1 l oz/1000t, respectively) and Civitas One Published in Applied Turfgrass Science DOI 10.2134/ATS-2014-0012-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0012-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"106142396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall or Late Winter Applications of Preemergence Herbicides Rarely Provide Season-long Control of Crabgrass (Digitaria spp) in Nebraska","authors":"Zachary Reicher,&nbsp;Matt Sousek,&nbsp;Roch Gaussoin","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0024-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0024-BR","url":null,"abstract":"Fall and late winter applications of preemergence herbicides (PREs) for crabgrass control have been evaluated in Illinois (Fermanian and Haley, 1994), Pennsylvania (Reicher et al., 2011), Indiana (Reicher et al., 2011; Reicher and Throssell, 1993), and Maryland (Dernoeden, 1993). The authors generally concluded that fall and late winter applications provide season-long control with higher application rates in areas with low/moderate crabgrass pressure. Many of these studies used older formulations of current active ingredients. None of these studies were located in the northwest edge of the transition zone where cool-season grasses dominate because of winter survival, but summer temperature extremes can thin even irrigated cool-season stands. Our objective was to determine if fall or late winter applications of PREs can provide season-long control of crabgrass in Nebraska.","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0024-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97660847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civitas Increases Clipping Yield on a Cool-Season Putting Green","authors":"William C. Kreuser,&nbsp;Frank S. Rossi","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0040-BR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/ATS-2014-0040-BR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0040-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137644837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Mehlich-3 P Data from Home-Lawn Soil Tests in Pennsylvania","authors":"Peter Landschoot,&nbsp;Ann Wolf,&nbsp;Jeremy Schwenk","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0048-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0048-BR","url":null,"abstract":"InDISCRIMINATE USE of P-containing fertilizer on runof-prone turfgrass sites is thought to contribute to the contamination of ground and surface water (Soldat and Petrovic, 2008). Consequently, several states have enacted laws restricting the use of P fertilizers, and others are considering similar legislation. A bill restricting P and N fertilizer on turfgrass was recently introduced in Pennsylvania, and implications of the proposed legislation are currently being discussed with stakeholders. Although soil testing is primarily performed to assess nutrient status in crop and turfgrass systems, some researchers have used soil-test summaries to examine trends in nutrient management practices and the status of soil P in cropland and lawns at the regional scale (Sims, 2000). Soldat and Petrovic (2008) stated that little published data on trends in soil P concentrations exist for turfgrass sites, and such information would be beneicial to validate predictions made for lawns and other turf areas. he objective of this study was to determine soil-test P concentrations in Pennsylvania home lawns based on unsolicited soil samples submitted to Penn State’s Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory (AASL). Data from Pennsylvania home-lawn soil samples submitted to AASL between 1 Jan. 2004 and 31 Dec. 2009 were assembled into a spread sheet and summarized. Samples were submitted by homeowners and professional lawn fertilizer applicators via test kits distributed from county extension oices in Pennsylvania. he distribution of test kits was on a request basis, and no attempt was made to solicit soil samples from homeowners and professional applicators for this study. Instructions for collecting soil samples are included in the kits and call for a sampling depth of 5.1 to 7.6 mm, 12 or more cores per sample from each sampling site, and discarding all grass and thatch from cores. All soil samples were processed and analyzed at AASL according to methods listed by Wolf and Beegle (1995). Phosphorus was extracted from soil samples using Mehlich-3 Published in Applied Turfgrass Science DOI 10.2134/ATS-2014-0048-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0048-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93167520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Athletic-Field Paint Color on Net Photosynthesis and Canopy Temperature of Overseeded Perennial Ryegrass","authors":"Chrissie A. Segars,&nbsp;Justin Q. Moss","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0015-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2014-0015-BR","url":null,"abstract":"A managers routinely paint playing surfaces for proper marking and aesthetics. Commonly, latex, waterbased paints specifically manufactured for turfgrass application are diluted at variable ratios with water before application (Reynolds et al., 2012). In the transition zone, bermudagrasses (Cynodon spp.) are most commonly used for sports-field playing surfaces (Christians, 2007). However, to maintain high quality and visually appealing playing surfaces during the dormant season, sports fields are typically overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.); therefore, the majority of play on sports fields occurs on overseeded perennial ryegrass. The goal of this research was to examine the effects of eight athletic-field paint colors on net photosynthesis (NP) and canopy temperature (CT) of overseeded perennial ryegrass. Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the Oklahoma State University Turfgrass Research Center in Stillwater, OK. The experiment was conducted twice, and treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block. Plots consisted of ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] with plot sizes of 7 × 4 ft. Plots were overseeded with ‘Palmer’s Pride Par 3’ perennial ryegrass on 26 Sept. 2012 at 20 lb/1000ft2 and on 17 Oct. 2012 at 10 lb/1000ft2 on a Norge Loam (Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Udic Paleustolls) with an average pH of 7.0. No precultivation methods were used before overseeding with a Lesco drop spreader (John Deere Landscapes, Alpharetta, GA). Plots were maintained at a mowing height of 2 inches with clippings returned but were not mowed during the 2 weeks immediately after paint application. Plots were also irrigated to prevent drought stress. Plots were fertilized with a 19-0-15 grade fertilizer (Anderson Contec, Maumee, OH) for a total of 4 lb N/1000ft2 throughout the research period. Paint applications were made to all plots on 15 Nov. 2012 (fall) and 14 Mar. 2013 (spring). Paint treatments consisted of Pioneer Brite Stripe Athletic Field Paint (Pioneer Athletics, Cleveland, OH) applied 1:1 water:paint, with paint colors Published in Applied Turfgrass Science DOI 10.2134/ATS-2014-0015-BR © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2014-0015-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107245867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Preemergence Herbicides in Spring Do Not Affect Bermudagrass Traffic Tolerance in Fall","authors":"J. T. Brosnan,&nbsp;G. K. Breeden,&nbsp;K. H. Dickson,&nbsp;A. W. Thoms,&nbsp;J.C. Sorochan","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0047-BR","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0047-BR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0047-BR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113380567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivar Performance of Low-Input Turfgrass Species for the North Central United States","authors":"Eric Watkins,&nbsp;David S. Gardner,&nbsp;John C. Stier,&nbsp;Douglas J. Soldat,&nbsp;Rodney A. St. John,&nbsp;Nick E. Christians,&nbsp;Aaron D. Hathaway,&nbsp;Kenneth L. Diesburg,&nbsp;Steven R. Poppe,&nbsp;Roch E. Gaussoin","doi":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0101-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/ATS-2013-0101-RS","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Turfgrass managers are in need of low-input turfgrass species options. We have previously identified a number of species that do well as low-input, sustainable turf in the north central United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate multiple cultivars of turfgrass species with known adaption to low-input environments in the North Central Region. Twenty-five turfgrass cultivars and selections, representing ten grass species, were evaluated at eight locations. Plots were established in late summer 2007, and after establishment were maintained at 7.6 cm without inputs of pesticides, fertilizer, or supplemental irrigation. Tall fescue, Chewings fescue, hard fescue, and colonial bentgrass performed well at most locations. Sheep fescue, tufted hairgrass, and prairie junegrass all performed adequately at some locations, and poorly at others. Texas bluegrass hybrids and the single Idaho bentgrass entry were not well adapted to most of the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":100111,"journal":{"name":"Applied Turfgrass Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/ATS-2013-0101-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112756887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}