Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde最新文献

{"title":"Studies on morphology and biology of immature stages of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae)","authors":"G. J. Stathas","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01024.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01024.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Morphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of <i>Rhyzobius lophanthae</i> Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids <i>Aspidiotus nerii</i> and <i>Aonidiella aurantii</i> were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0 %) when <i>A. nerii</i> was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was <i>A. aurantii</i> were 48.8 days and 84 %.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 5","pages":"113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01024.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71985971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Bulgaria","authors":"P. Mirchev,&nbsp;G. Ts. Georgiev,&nbsp;G. Tsankov","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01017.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01017.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The parasitoids of <i>Gelechia senticetella</i> (Stgr.) (Lepid.: Gelechiidae), a pest of <i>Juniperus excelsa</i> M. B., were studied in the “Tissata” reserve in Bulgaria. They were reared in laboratory conditions from pest larvae and pupae collected in 1991, 1992 and 2000. As a result of this study, 16 species of parasitoids of <i>G. senticetella</i> were recorded: <i>Habrobracon stabilis</i> Wesm., <i>Hormius moniliatus</i> (Nees), <i>Phanerotoma tritoma</i> Marsh. (Hym.: Braconidae), <i>Diadegma consumptor</i> (Grav.), <i>Liotryphon cydiae</i> (Perk.), <i>Scambus pomorum</i> (Ratz.), <i>Scambus foliae</i> (Cush.), <i>Pimpla turionellae</i> (L.), <i>Eudelus simillimus</i> (Tasch.), <i>Mesochorus</i> sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), <i>Sympiesis acalle</i> Walk., <i>Aprostocetus</i> sp. (Hym.: Eulophidae), <i>Eupelmus urozonus</i> Dalm. (Hym.: Eupelmidae), <i>Copidosoma thompsoni</i> Merc. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), <i>Calliprymna bisetosa</i> Grah., and <i>Mesopolobus</i> sp. (Hym.: Pteromalidae). <i>H. stabilis</i> and <i>P. tritoma</i> were discovered as new species for the fauna of Bulgaria. Three species (<i>E. simillimus, Mesochorus</i> sp. and <i>Aprostocetus</i> sp.) are hyperparasitoids, and the remaining species are primary parasitoids. Most of the parasitoid species attack the larvae of <i>G. senticetella</i> and kill the hosts before pupation. In the studied parasitoid complex, <i>D. consumptor</i> and <i>H. moniliatus</i> were the dominant species. In 1991, the level of total parasitism of the host in the “Tissata” reserve was 24.3 %, in 1992 – 57.9 % and in 2000 – 12.7 %. <i>D. consumptor</i> was the most important parasitoid destroying 26.6 % of the pest larvae in 1992.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 4","pages":"94-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01017.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71912450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified, four-armed olfactometer for determining olfactory reactions of beneficial arthropods","authors":"C. Sengonca,&nbsp;J. Kranz","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01022.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01022.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methods using the reactions of beneficial arthropods to stimuli of prey and habitats are becoming more and more important in the biological control of pests. Especially olfactory cues, which are measurable with so called ‘olfactometers’ are of great importance. In the present study, a modified four-armed airflow olfactometer is described by explaining these modifications. As an example, the results obtained for the predatory ladybeetle <i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> are explained in detail. Various odour sources caused evident differences in the reactions of the predator, especially comparing the reared beetles and the individuals collected in the field. The volatiles emitted by the odour source ‘bean plant + aphids’ were attractive to 28 % of the reared and to 38 % of the field-collected test individuals. These values were clearly higher than in the cases of the odour source ‘aphids’ with 18 % for both groups. About 15 % of the reared and 13 % of the field-collected coccinellids reacted to the olfactometer chamber without an odour source. On the other hand, it became obvious in test series with groups of adult beetles that group tests were not so suitable because the test individuals diverted each other so that the reactions to the odours were reduced. In the case of the group tests, 68 % of the reared and 60 % of the field-collected individuals did not react to one of the offered odour sources. In further surveys, the most favourable pre-experiment starvation period of the tested individuals and optimal duration for a single experiment were determined. For adults of <i>C. septempunctata</i>, the most favourable starvation time was 6 hours and the most suitable duration of a single experiment 30 minutes. In two further experiments, it was investigated whether there were differences between males and females or between beetles of different ages. There were slight differences between males and females reacting to distinct odour sources and also in the case of coccinellids of different ages but in both cases without clear tendencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 5","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01022.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71985978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact and control of the cone tortricid Pseudococcyx tessulatana(Staudinger), damaging the cone crop of a selected clone of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Italy","authors":"Raffaella Cantini,&nbsp;Andrea Battisti","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01021.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01021.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The green cypress (<i>Cupressus sempervirens</i>) is of great interest for ornamental, reforestation and windbreak use in the whole Mediterranean basin. In Italy, seed material selected for resistance to the fungus <i>Seiridium cardinale</i> is produced in seed orchards by controlled crosses of parent trees. The insect pest showing the highest impact on seed cone production is <i>Pseudococcyx tessulatana</i> (Lep.; Tortricidae), which attacks cones during the initial growth period as well as full-grown cones. The impact on the seed cone crop of the tortricid was estimated on a clone patented for its resistance to cypress canker (Agrimed 1). The attack was inversely related to the cone crop, as it concerned 36.7 % of cones in 1999 (high crop year) and the 66 % in 2000 (low crop year). In both years, about 90 % of the surveyed branches revealed cones attacked by <i>P. tessulatana</i> by the 1^st life-cycle larvae, whereas only 40 % of branches were also attacked by the larvae of the 2^nd life cycle. The highest attack rate per branch was always observed on branches bearing a low number of cones. The potential of two control methods against <i>P. tessulatana</i> to protect cones which result from crossing a mother tree “Agrimed 1” with selected father trees was also evaluated in 2000. The protection given by a sleeve surrounding the branch was almost complete (0.4 % cone mortality), whereas a cone mortality of 24.3 % was observed on branches treated by the insecticide diflubenzuron. Sleeves appear to be useful to protect branches on which special crosses were done, but are expensive and time-consuming and may favour the attack of the mealybug <i>Planococcus vovae</i> inside the sleeve. The insecticide application may represent a valid alternative, especially when protection should be directed toward a high number of branches.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 4","pages":"107-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01021.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71984655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae) in bambara groundnut seeds exposed to solar heat in the Nigerian savanna","authors":"N. E. S. Lale,&nbsp;F. A. Ajayi","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01028.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01028.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of solarization on the development of <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> was investigated in the Nigerian savanna during the hot season from April to May, 1999. Development of <i>C. maculatus</i> adult progeny was completely suppressed in seeds of bambara groundnut, <i>Vigna subterranea</i> bearing bruchid eggs or harbouring first and second instar larvae that were exposed to the sun in metal tins, clay pots or polypropylene sacks for 7, 14 or 28 h. Adults of <i>C. maculatus</i> developed only in seeds that were not exposed to sun. Solarization did not have a significant adverse effect on germinability of bambara groundnut seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 5","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01028.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71985977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologischer Pflanzenschutz","authors":"Marion Morgner","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0280.2003.03024.pp.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0280.2003.03024.pp.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"76 4","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1439-0280.2003.03024.pp.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71945689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive potential of the parasitic wasp Microplitis rufiventris Kok. (Hym.: Braconidae), reared in hosts treated with chitin synthesis inhibitors","authors":"W. E. Khafagi,&nbsp;E. M. Hegazi","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01016.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01016.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Different developmental stages of <i>Microplitis rufiventris</i> Kok. larvae were each exposed to a sublethal dosage (0.4 ppm) of Lefenuron [N-{2,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)-phenylaminocarbonyl}-2, 6-difluorobenzamide] or Lefenuron/Deltanet [O-n-butylO-(2.2-dimethyl-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-y1)-N, N’-dimethyl-N-N’-thiodicarbamate] by feeding treated artificial diets to parasitized <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> (Boisd.) larvae to evaluate their effects on the reproductive potential of resulting parasitoids. Lefenuron treatments caused a great reduction in the reproductive ability of either the host insect or its parasitoid. Ovaries of parasitoid females (1 day old) emerged from Lefenuron/Deltanet treatments contained more ova than those from either Lefenuron or controls. Experienced females from Lefenuron/Deltanet treatments deposited significantly more eggs and contained at death more remaining mature oocytes in their calyx and egg-reservoirs. The combination of carbamate insecticide (Deltanet) and chitin-inhibiting growth regulator (Lefenuron) may enhance the reproductive ability of insect parasitoid and may provide a potential means for developing more effective biological control methods against insect pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 4","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01016.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71984653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untersuchungen zur überlebensfähigkeit und Entwicklung der Larven zweier Herkünfte des Schwammspinners Lymantria dispar L. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Abhängigkeit von der Fraßpflanze*","authors":"G. Lobinger,&nbsp;U. Skatulla","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01018.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01018.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The polyphagous gypsy moth (<i>Lymantria dispar</i>) is able to feed on about 400 different woody plant species. In general, oak species are preferred – on the other hand some other groups of plants are avoided on account of the presence of toxic substances. These unfavoured hosts are, for example, most of the Papilionaceae, like locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>). We compared survival rate and development of two populations of different origin with long-term habituation to oak and locust, respectively. Larvae from the population habituated to oak proved unable to develop on locust food. There must be a lack of detoxification systems to modify the toxic alcaloids and flavenoids produced by <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>. On the other hand, larvae isolated from an locust stand were able to feed on oak leaves without problems in larval development or eclosion of adults. Gypsy moth larvae specialized on locust as host showed increased mortality (up to 27 %) in the early larval instars, but the surviving animals, especially female individuals, reached significantly higher pupal weights and showed better fecundity: 40 % higher egg numbers/egg mass compared to those feeding on oak. These results indicate that the gypsy moth population originating from the locust forest had achieved a high level of metabolic adaptation to this host plant and formed a ‘biotype’ of <i>Lymantria dispar</i> with optimal reproductive conditions in this special habitat.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 4","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01018.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71912444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-field refugiums of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) in cereals (Hom., Aphididae)","authors":"Petr Starý","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01023.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01023.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (<i>Diuraphis noxia</i> Kurdj.), overpopulated due to extraordinary weather conditions (2000) in the Czech Republic, enabled the identification of several within-field situations ouside of the routine approach. This group, classified as within-field refugium, includes variation due to field relief, some injuries caused by the use of machinery, the unharvested field margins and, last but not least, the volunteer plants. Differences between the RWA populations in these situations and the normal grove are presented and recommended to be taken into consideration in the research on RWA population dynamics and movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 5","pages":"124-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01023.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71985974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cono- and seminiphagous insects of Abies alba Mill. in the Gorce National Park in Poland during 1996 – 1998†","authors":"M. Skrzypczyńska,&nbsp;A. Sudoł-Kornalewicz,&nbsp;A. Kornalewicz,&nbsp;J. Biczak,&nbsp;S. Rodkiewicz","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01027.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01027.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A study was conducted on the insects infesting seeds and cones of <i>Abies alba</i> Mill. in the Gorce National Park, in southern Poland during 1996 – 1998. A total of 856 cones were collected from 66 trees growing at 11 sites located in partially or strictly protected forest reserves. Of this sample, 217 cones with 54,958 seeds were dissected. This study yielded 5,816 specimens of insects, namely: seminiphagous <i>Resseliella piceae</i> Seitn., <i>Megastigmus suspectus</i> Borr. as well as conophagous <i>Earomyia impossibile</i> Morge, <i>Barbara herrichiana</i> Obr. and <i>Dioryctria abietella</i> (Den. et Schiff.). The most abundant species was <i>R. piceae</i> with 4,186 individuals. The index of cone infestation was calculated. It showed great variability between forest reserves and study-years. The numbers of insect individuals, numbers of viable and infertile seeds, and seeds damaged by <i>M. suspectus</i> and <i>R. piceae</i>, in both strict and partial reserves in the consecutive years were compared statistically. The test of significant differences between two frequencies at 0.05 level was used in statistical analysis. In both strict and partial reserves, statistically significant differences were found between studied variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":100103,"journal":{"name":"Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde","volume":"74 5","pages":"138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01027.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71985976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}