一种用于测定有益节肢动物嗅觉反应的改良四臂嗅觉计

C. Sengonca, J. Kranz
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引用次数: 9

摘要

利用有益节肢动物对猎物和栖息地刺激的反应的方法在害虫的生物控制中变得越来越重要。尤其是嗅觉线索,它可以用所谓的“嗅觉计”测量,非常重要。在本研究中,通过解释这些修改,描述了一种改进的四臂气流嗅觉计。作为一个例子,详细解释了捕食性瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的结果。各种气味来源导致捕食者的反应存在明显差异,尤其是比较饲养的甲虫和野外采集的个体。气味来源“豆类植物+蚜虫”释放的挥发物对28 % 和38 % 现场采集的测试个体。这些值明显高于气味源“蚜虫”的情况,有18 % 对于两组。约15 % 饲养的和13 % 在没有气味来源的情况下,野外采集的球虫对嗅觉计室产生反应。另一方面,在对成年甲虫群体的测试系列中,很明显,群体测试并不那么合适,因为测试个体相互转移方向,从而减少了对气味的反应。在分组测试的情况下,68 % 饲养的和60 % 在现场采集的个体中,有一个对所提供的气味源没有反应。在进一步的调查中,确定了受试个体最有利的实验前饥饿期和单个实验的最佳持续时间。对C.septenunctata成虫来说,最适宜的饥饿时间为6小时,最适合的单次实验持续时间为30分钟。在另外两个实验中,研究了雄性和雌性之间或不同年龄的甲虫之间是否存在差异。雄性和雌性对不同气味来源的反应略有不同,不同年龄的球虫也有轻微差异,但在这两种情况下都没有明显的倾向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A modified, four-armed olfactometer for determining olfactory reactions of beneficial arthropods

Methods using the reactions of beneficial arthropods to stimuli of prey and habitats are becoming more and more important in the biological control of pests. Especially olfactory cues, which are measurable with so called ‘olfactometers’ are of great importance. In the present study, a modified four-armed airflow olfactometer is described by explaining these modifications. As an example, the results obtained for the predatory ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata are explained in detail. Various odour sources caused evident differences in the reactions of the predator, especially comparing the reared beetles and the individuals collected in the field. The volatiles emitted by the odour source ‘bean plant + aphids’ were attractive to 28 % of the reared and to 38 % of the field-collected test individuals. These values were clearly higher than in the cases of the odour source ‘aphids’ with 18 % for both groups. About 15 % of the reared and 13 % of the field-collected coccinellids reacted to the olfactometer chamber without an odour source. On the other hand, it became obvious in test series with groups of adult beetles that group tests were not so suitable because the test individuals diverted each other so that the reactions to the odours were reduced. In the case of the group tests, 68 % of the reared and 60 % of the field-collected individuals did not react to one of the offered odour sources. In further surveys, the most favourable pre-experiment starvation period of the tested individuals and optimal duration for a single experiment were determined. For adults of C. septempunctata, the most favourable starvation time was 6 hours and the most suitable duration of a single experiment 30 minutes. In two further experiments, it was investigated whether there were differences between males and females or between beetles of different ages. There were slight differences between males and females reacting to distinct odour sources and also in the case of coccinellids of different ages but in both cases without clear tendencies.

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