Animal - Open Space最新文献

{"title":"The role of anti-E. coli antibody from maternal colostrum on the colonization of newborn dairy calves gut with Escherichia coli and the development of clinical diarrhea","authors":"V. Gomes ,&nbsp;B.P. Barros ,&nbsp;D.I. Castro-Tardón ,&nbsp;C.C. Martin ,&nbsp;F.C.R. Santos ,&nbsp;T. Knöbl ,&nbsp;B.P. Santarosa ,&nbsp;L.M. Padilha ,&nbsp;D.J. Hurley","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Escherichia coli (<strong><em>E. coli</em></strong>) is an early organism in the colonization of mucosal tissue and has an influence on the development of mucosal and systemic inflammatory responses. To understand the impact of transfer of Immunoglobulin G <strong>(IgG)</strong>, <em>E. coli</em>-specific antibody and general immune factors to the calf on the gut microbiota, an observational study that followed the temporal colonization of the intestine with <em>E. coli</em> as correlated with the total quantity of IgG and the antibody recognizing <em>E. coli</em>, was conducted in newborn Holstein calves. The calves were subjected to the “gold standard” of colostrum management, including dam vaccination prior to delivery to prime colostrum. Twenty Holstein dams, producing an adequate quantity of good-quality colostrum following uncomplicated deliveries of healthy female offspring, were utilized in this study. Each calf was monitored and scored daily for diarrhea. Blood and fecal samples were collected from calves on day (<strong>D</strong>) D1 (before colostrum intake), then D3, D7, D14 and D28 after colostrum feeding. <em>E. coli</em> isolated from fecal samples of the calves were assessed for virulence genes and the quantity per gram of feces using conventional Polymerase chain reaction and Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative, respectively. The total quantity of plasma IgG and the titer of <em>E. coli</em>-binding antibody were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The peak in diarrhea in the calves was observed on D12. No IgG or <em>E. coli</em>-binding antibody were detected prior to colostrum intake (D1). Both total IgG and binding antibody sharply increased by D3. Total and binding IgG declined with calf age. The total number of bacteria (16S rRNA) in feces was similar between D1 and D14. The number of total bacteria increased over the period from D14 to D28. The number of <em>E. coli</em> was minimal on D1. The number of <em>E. coli</em> increased during the period D3-D7. A decrease in the number of <em>E. coli</em> per gram of feces declines between D14and D28. The stable toxin gene was frequently identified in the <em>E. coli</em> isolated from the calves. Further, <em>E. coli</em> K99 was not identified in this study. While the gut was colonized by <em>E. coli</em> early in life corresponding to the peak level of IgG and specific antibody, a decreasing number of <em>E. coli</em> were observed as the passive immunity waned. This suggests that the function of the passive antibody may be to control colonization and seed innate immune function that then stabilizes the level of <em>E. coli</em> in the digestive tract of calves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of outdoor grazing area size and genotype on space and pasture use, behaviour, health, and growth traits of weaned rabbits","authors":"M. Fetiveau,&nbsp;D. Savietto,&nbsp;C. Bannelier,&nbsp;V. Fillon,&nbsp;M. Despeyroux,&nbsp;S. Pujol,&nbsp;L. Fortun-Lamothe","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Providing rabbits with outdoor access allows them to express a large repertoire of behaviours and addresses societal expectations surrounding animal welfare in livestock systems. The aim of this work was to study rabbit growth, health, and behaviour according to genetic type and pasture area size. We distributed 192 weaned rabbits into two groups with different pasture sizes, i.e., a large pasture (<strong>LP</strong>): 60 m² (n = 4 × 24) and a small pasture (<strong>SP</strong>): 30 m² (n = 4 × 24). Each group contained half Californian 1001 × New Zealand 1777 rabbits (<strong>1001</strong>) and half PS119 × New Zealand 1777 rabbits (<strong>PS119</strong>). Rabbits were reared from 31 to 73 days of age. Rabbit growth and morbidity were measured individually weekly for 36 days (from 31 to 67 days of age). The rabbits’ behaviours were assessed three times a day on days 44, 58, and 70 by a direct visual scan, and the use of space was evaluated six times a week based on the rabbits’ spatial distributions. The available biomass was evaluated on days 35, 50, and 73. Finally, the amount of corticosterone was measured in hair samples from 18 rabbits of each genotype in LP and SP on day 72. PS119 rabbits were heavier than 1001 rabbits on day 67 (2 444 vs 2 113 g, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) but we observed no effect of genotype on mortality or morbidity. The animals expressed a large variety of specific behaviours on pastures, with grazing and resting being predominant. We found a lower level of corticosterone in PS119 rabbits than in 1001 rabbits (2.19 vs 6.34 pg per mg of hair, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). LP pastures offered herbage until the end of the fattening period, enabling the rabbits to express grazing behaviour until the end of the experiment, and grazing behaviour was more frequent in LP-group rabbits (25.4 vs 21.5% of occurrences in LP vs SP; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). This study found that a pasture of 60 m² for 24 rabbits enables the animals to express grazing for the entire fattening period. The rabbit genotype was found to influence some of their behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed restriction as a tool for further studies describing the mechanisms underlying lipolysis in milk in dairy cows","authors":"C. Hurtaud ,&nbsp;L. Bernard ,&nbsp;M. Boutinaud ,&nbsp;C. Cebo","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Milk lipolysis is defined as the hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are the main component of milk fat. Short-chain fatty acids (<strong>FAs</strong>) released in milk are responsible for rancid flavour. In addition, the presence of partial glycerides impairs the functional properties of milk, such as foaming and creaming abilities. Milk lipolysis, a key criterion used to assess milk quality, depends on animal parameters and breeding factors. Low-energy diets are associated with higher levels of spontaneous lipolysis, particularly in late lactation. In this study, dairy cows were fed a restricted diet (i.e. 65% of their ad libitum DM intake (<strong>DMI</strong>)) to induce spontaneous lipolysis in milk and to study milk composition associated with lipolysis. Two groups of 22 cows each received a control diet (100% of ad libitum DMI) or the restricted diet according to a 2 × 2 crossover design. The restricted diet was fed for five days. As expected, feed restriction increased milk spontaneous lipolysis which was associated with an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity. At the same time, milk yield and protein content decreased and no effect was observed on milk fat content. The increase in spontaneous lipolysis was associated with an increase in milk fat globules diameter, without influencing casein micelles diameter. Feed restriction altered the parameters of dairy cow metabolism, with increases in plasma non-esterified FAs, triglycerides and urea, indicating body fat mobilisation and protein catabolism associated with feed restriction. Feed restriction also altered hormonal parameters, with decreases in plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and prolactin. As expected, lipolysis was higher in evening milk and was associated with a larger diameter of milk fat globules. This zootechnical approach will be completed with proteomic, lipidomic and transcriptomic studies of milk and/or mammary gland of animals selected for their extreme lipolysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical physiological parameters of Holstein calves in the first month of life","authors":"F.C.R. Santos ,&nbsp;B.P. Santarosa ,&nbsp;F.E. Dal Más ,&nbsp;K.N. Silva ,&nbsp;E.C.B.P. Guirro ,&nbsp;V. Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the postnatal period, neonatal adaptation in terms of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, thermoregulatory, and immunological functions is required, thus demanding the establishment of baseline parameters for research on neonatal calves. Few longitudinal studies have presented a set of physiological reference values for neonatal calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate physical, haematological, and biochemical parameters in young Holstein heifers in order to obtain useful information on their neonatal adaptation. Twenty-eight healthy young Holstein heifers were assessed for the collection of blood samples by jugular venipuncture at the following time points: immediately after birth, and before colostrum intake (first day of life is D1), and D2, D7, D14 and D28 days of life. Two hours prior to morning milk feed, calves were sampled, after being physically examined to establish reference values for heart rate <strong>(HR)</strong>, respiratory rate <strong>(RR),</strong> and rectal temperature <strong>(RT)</strong>. Several changes in physical, haematological, and biochemical parameters, secondary to neonatal adaptation, were detected. The reduction in HR and RR over time represented the maturation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, respectively, and the increase in RT represented the development of thermoregulatory mechanisms. Colostrum intake was reflected in several parameters, including immunoglobulin absorption and alteration of the serum protein profile. In addition, changes in glucose and cholesterol concentrations reflected the activation of the calf’s metabolism. Changes in white blood cell parameters, such as an increase in lymphocyte count and decrease in neutrophil count, were associated with maturation of the immune system and the influence of cortisol levels at parturition, respectively. Changes in the red blood cell count parameters could be attributed to the replacement of erythrocytes from the foetal circulation. Variations in the physiological parameters of calves were observed during the first month of life; it is necessary to compare them with established age-specific reference ranges for a better clinical interpretation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of body and carcass composition of crossbred growing bulls from 11th rib dissection","authors":"S. Lerch ,&nbsp;I. Morel ,&nbsp;F. Dohme-Meier ,&nbsp;Y. Le Cozler ,&nbsp;C. Xavier","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precise methods for measuring livestock body and carcass composition are essential for both animal and meat scientists. The aim of this study was to calibrate the 11th rib cut dissection method for the estimation of crossbred beef-on-dairy bull empty body (<strong>EB</strong>) and carcass compositions against reference tissue and chemical <em>postmortem</em> measurements. Sixty-six (66) crossbred bulls from Angus, Limousin and Simmental sires (<em>n</em> = 22 each) crossed on Brown Swiss dams were serially slaughtered along growth from 58 to 534 kg BW. The muscle, adipose tissue and bone contents of the left 11th rib were determined by physical dissection. Linear regressions followed by leave-one-out-cross-validation were tested between rib dissection variates (with or without additional ones: BW or carcass weight, carcass grading or <em>postmortem</em> linear measurements) and reference EB or carcass chemical (water, lipids, proteins, minerals and energy) and tissue (muscles, adipose tissues and bones, only for final slaughter group of 514 ± 12 kg BW, <em>n</em> = 30) compositions. When all bulls are considered (serial slaughter group, <em>n</em> = 66), the inclusion of rib dissection variate together with BW or hot carcass weight allowed precise estimations of EB and carcass masses and proportions of water [<em>R</em>² ≥ 0.91, residual CV (<strong>rCV</strong>) ≤ 3.1%], lipid (<em>R</em>² ≥ 0.88, rCV ≤ 14.0%), protein (<em>R</em>² ≥ 0.23, rCV ≤ 3.7%) and energy (<em>R</em>² ≥ 0.89, rCV ≤ 7.7%). Slight further improvements in precision were achieved when carcass grading conformation or fat scores was added to the multiple estimative regressions. Crossbreed effect was significant on the intercept of most of the predictive equations. Especially ×Angus had higher intercepts for lipids, energy and adipose tissues and lower ones for water, proteins and muscles, when compared to ×Limousin and ×Simmental. Further developments using for example rib imaging analysis rather than physical dissection may contribute to large scale and high-throughput phenotyping of body and carcass compositions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a Walk-over-Weighing system for the automatic monitoring of growth in postweaned Mérinos d’Arles ewe lambs under Mediterranean grazing conditions","authors":"E. Leroux ,&nbsp;I. Llach ,&nbsp;G. Besche ,&nbsp;J.-D. Guyonneau ,&nbsp;D. Montier ,&nbsp;P.-M. Bouquet ,&nbsp;I. Sanchez ,&nbsp;E. González-García","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Live weight (<strong>LW</strong>) is a key and conventional indicator for monitoring and assessing overall animal performance and welfare, representing the progress through different physiological stages, while providing close indication of individual physical and health status. Measuring LW in practice is still, however, quite rare and infrequent under commercial sheep farming conditions, mainly because sessions are time-consuming, stressful either for the operator or the animals. A Walk-over-Weighing (<strong>WoW</strong>) system was tested in this experiment lasting 14 weeks (i.e. 3 weeks for acclimation and adaptation and 11 weeks for data collection). We validated its use for routine and frequent monitoring of growth rate in postweaned <em>Merinos d’Arles</em> ewe lambs (n = 100), reared under Mediterranean grazing conditions. The necessity for an initial adaptation period of the animals was confirmed. Also, the importance of conducting an effective data cleaning procedure of the raw database automatically collected by the WoW was corroborated. Adaptation of naive ewe lambs enabled the required voluntary passages across the weighing platform and a high volume of individual and daily data after 2–3 weeks. Close monitoring of individual growth was then possible after performing sound data cleaning. A good agreement was demonstrated between WoW LW and a reference LW value (measured with a standard static scale). At the individual level, even with the lowest number of LW values collected with WoW, it was possible to monitor variations in LW at daily intervals. The establishment of an early warning system to help farmer decision-making could therefore be possible. Our results show interesting prospects for more accurate and frequent monitoring of LW in grazing sheep without human intervention, compared to what is currently carried out on commercial farms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A workflow to study the microbiota profile of piglet’s umbilical cord blood: from sampling to data analysis","authors":"Francesco Palumbo ,&nbsp;Marion Girard ,&nbsp;Federico Correa ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bee ,&nbsp;Paolo Trevisi","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The possibility of pre-birth microbiota colonisation remains controversial in the scientific community. Due to the placenta’s characteristics in pigs, the umbilical cord is the sole way for mother-foetus microbial transmission to occur. Studies on this topic have demonstrated conflicting results; some of these discrepancies might be due to differences during sampling, DNA extraction, bioinformatics and data analysis. The aim of this study is to assess a workflow for characterising the umbilical cord blood microbial profile by adjusting for the contaminating sources of bacterial DNA during the extraction procedure. The results show that among 735 amplicon sequence variants (<strong>ASVs</strong>), 568 ASVs were contaminants, while 165 ASVs were true samples. Using this workflow, we could distinguish the contaminant ASVs introduced during bacterial DNA extraction and amplification. With the results of the present study, however, we cannot confirm the pre-birth bacterial transfer by the umbilical cord blood due to the lack of samples representative of the contaminants in the surrounding sampling environment. Nevertheless, the present study can be used as a reference to address low microbial biomass, particularly with umbilical cord blood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor repeatability of cortisol responses to ACTH in beef heifers: is the ACTH challenge a suitable measure for stress research in cattle?","authors":"A.-M. Reiche ,&nbsp;A.-K. Hankele ,&nbsp;F. Dohme-Meier ,&nbsp;S.E. Ulbrich","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the repeatability and influences of the time of the day (<strong>TOD</strong>) and horn status on cortisol responses to ACTH administration in heifers. Sixty-four heifers were subjected to three ACTH challenges. The first challenge (<strong>C1</strong>) took place at the age of 2 mo. Balanced for peak cortisol responses at C1, the heifers were assigned to one of two rearing conditions: horned (<strong>H+</strong>) or disbudded (<strong>H−</strong>). At the age of 15 months, the second (<strong>C2</strong>) and third (<strong>C3</strong>) challenges took place, 7 d apart from each other at the same TOD. For cortisol analysis, saliva was sampled in 30-min intervals from 30 min before to 150 min after each ACTH injection. The area under the curve (<strong>AUC</strong>) of cortisol was calculated with respect to the ground (<strong>AUC_G</strong>) and to the increase (<strong>AUC_I</strong>). Between C2 and C3, AUC values did not differ (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.10), intra-class correlation coefficients (<strong>ICCs</strong>) indicated poor repeatability (AUC_G: ICC = 0.24 and AUC_I: ICC = 0.26) and no correlations were found. The TOD had no effect on AUC values in C2 (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.1), while in C3, they were greater in the morning than in the afternoon (for both AUC_G and AUC_I_, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The H+ and H− heifers showed similar cortisol responses in C3, but in C2, horned heifers had greater AUC levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). From C2 to C3, AUC values increased and decreased for heifers tested in the morning and afternoon, respectively. This was more pronounced in H+ than in H− heifers (interaction effect <em>P</em> &lt;0.05). The results indicate poor to lacking repeatability for ACTH challenges performed within the same physiological state. While TOD and horn status partly contributed to the cortisol responses’ variance, the poor repeatability critically questions the use of repeated ACTH challenges for stress research in cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772694021000029/pdfft?md5=e8754053d2d3b8832b7d0b8f73e4ddc7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772694021000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73915599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combination of functional amino acids and polyphenols can restore the performance of chickens challenged with coccidiosis: A meta-analysis","authors":"Pierre Gaignon ,&nbsp;William Lambert ,&nbsp;Lisa Arnalot ,&nbsp;Simon Fontaine ,&nbsp;Tristan Chalvon-Demersay","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coccidiosis is one of the major challenges in the poultry industry, leading to reduced animal performance and welfare and increased mortality. Currently, ionophores and chemicals are used to treat coccidiosis. However, the outbreak of resistant <em>Eimeria</em> strains and the growing customer demand for more sustainable products have prompted the need to identify nutritional strategies for coccidiosis control. In this study, we reviewed the efficiency of the supplementation of a combination of functional amino acids (arginine, threonine and glutamine) with grape extract polyphenols in broilers challenged with coccidiosis via a meta-analysis based on five independent trials. We observed that supplementation partially improved the performance of broilers affected with coccidiosis when compared with infected, untreated animals. In addition, there was no significant difference between the effect of supplementation of the combination of functional amino acids with grape extract polyphenols and that of anticoccidial drugs on animal performance when considering the overall trial period. This meta-analysis suggests that supplementing with a combination of functional amino acids with grape extract polyphenols could improve performance in broilers affected with coccidiosis. However, further research to understand the mechanisms involved is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772694022000139/pdfft?md5=8647d14c3955a03fc0e96dda872c0797&pid=1-s2.0-S2772694022000139-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80196668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ambient temperature in lactating sows, a meta-analysis and simulation approach in the context of climate change","authors":"J.-Y. Dourmad ,&nbsp;V. Le Velly ,&nbsp;J.-L. Gourdine ,&nbsp;D. Renaudeau","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2022.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because of their intense metabolism, lactating sows are highly sensitive to high ambient temperature which induces a reduction in their voluntary feed intake and milk production, which decreases piglet weaning weight. This also results in an increase in mobilisation of body reserves that may impair reproduction after weaning. The aim of the study was to quantify, on the basis of a quantitative analysis of the literature data, the effect of ambient temperature on the performance and physiology of lactating sows, with the perspective of integrating this knowledge in sow nutrition decision support tools. A literature database with 38 publications and a total of 227 observations was built in order to adjust prediction equations according to temperature, using a Mixed linear or quadratic model with random effect of publication, for different criteria such as feed intake, litter and piglet growth rate, milk production, maternal body reserve mobilisation, respiratory rate (<strong>RR</strong>) and core body temperature. The first criterion with the highest response to temperature was RR which increased by 175 % between 22 °C and 32 °C. The second most affected criterion was feed intake which was reduced by 36 % between 22 °C and 32 °C, and the third one was milk production which was reduced by 20 % between 22 °C and 32 °C. The equations obtained from the meta-analysis were incorporated into a nutrition model, based on InraPorc®, in order to predict, in the context of climate change, the effect of temperature on feed intake, milk production, energy and aminoacid utilisation, and body reserve mobilisation. The simulations performed using this model clearly indicate that nutrient requirement of sows per kg feed is affected by variation in ambient temperature due to seasons or to expected climate change. In practice, the integration of these new equations in nutritional models will enable feed composition to be better adapted to the season and to the geographical location of farms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277269402200022X/pdfft?md5=375ace7540cb3f1cc71917a3fd129127&pid=1-s2.0-S277269402200022X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89054212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}