Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

{"title":"Biochemical Characterization of Industrially Produced Rapeseed Meal as a Protein Source in Food Industry","authors":"Petya Ivanova ,&nbsp;Vesela Chalova ,&nbsp;Galina Uzunova ,&nbsp;Lidia Koleva ,&nbsp;Ivan Manolov","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapeseed meal is a by-product of oil production which is primarily used in feed industry. The application of the rapeseed meal as a protein source in food industry is an alternative which leads to a better and more complete use of this by-product. Biochemical characteristics of industrially produced rapeseed meal vary and therefore, detailed analyses prior to its use as a protein source is necessary. The commercial rapeseed meal evaluated in this study contained high protein amount (39.86%) and low residual total fats (2.30%). It was characterized with low levels of glucosinolates (12.69 ± 0.18<!--> <!-->μmol/g) and phenols (1.13 ± 0.04%). Amino acid analysis revealed lysine as the first limiting amino acid with an amino acid score of 58.00%, followed by valine (66.86%). However, this by-product was rich in leucine and isoleucine which amino acid scores equaled to 97.60 and 88.67% respectively. The amino acid score evaluation demonstrated relatively high amount of sulphur containing amino acids (82.57%). The commercial rapeseed meal exhibited low <em>in vitro</em> digestibility (18.59 ± 0.98%). The albumin, globulin and glutelin fractions however, expressed higher digestibility with albumin fraction being the most susceptible (67.22 ± 1.28%) to pepsin and pancreatin proteolytic activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86378688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Cynara Scolymus L. under Foliar Ecological Fertilization","authors":"Vasilica Onofrei ,&nbsp;Marian Burducea ,&nbsp;Andrei Lobiuc ,&nbsp;Maria-Magdalena Zamfirache ,&nbsp;Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban ,&nbsp;Teodor Robu (coordinator)","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The artichoke (<em>Cynara scolymus</em> L.) is an important medicinal and culinary herb, cultivated since Antiquity (4^th century BC). It has been used in therapy since 16^th century, but its coleretical action was discovered only in 1931. It was used as a vegetable in Ancient Egypt and in the Roman Empire. From the 15^th century it has been frequently used as food. With the growing necessity of ecological products, organic crops cultivation areas need to be expanded, but a more complete characterization of such agriculture systems is required. The present paper aims to evaluate the yield of <em>Cynara scolymus</em> L. under four different organic foliar fertilizers (Fylo®, Geolino Plants&amp;Flowers®, Cropmax®, Fitokondi®), by assessing morphometric parameters, physiological parameters (chlorophyll fluorescence and content, photosynthetic and transpiration rate) and total phenolics and flavonoid contents of plants. Some of the analyzed parameters values were increased in fertilized plants, compared to unfertilized ones. Foliar fertilization of artichoke plants can thus be used to obtain increased inflorescence yield and phenolic compounds synthesis with effect on physiological parameters analyzed, allowing better performance of artichoke under organic fertilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90552355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’Injuries, Discomfort and Its Use in Design of Agricultural Hand Tools: A Case Study from East Java, Indonesia","authors":"Robertoes Koekoeh K. Wibowo ,&nbsp;Peeyush Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Farmers in East Java, Indonesia have opinions of the agricultural hand tools that they wear. In farming activities they get injured due to the use of agricultural equipments. The most injury was in hand. Farmers feel fatigue/discomfort in different levels of their body part when using agricultural tools. Majority of farmers complained to suffer fatigue in upper back (92.8%), mid back (93.6%), and lower back (91.8%), respectively. The third major criteria's design of agricultural hand tools base on survey resulted are be safe, good and fit in hand, and easy to use. The ergonomic evaluation suggests their handle length and diameter to be 12.4<!--> <!-->cm and 3.0<!--> <!-->cm, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 323-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89088207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: Using Urban Patterns to Map the Agricultural Systems","authors":"Gianni Guastella,&nbsp;Stefano Pareglio","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rural territories cover 91% of EU27 area and 56% of population live in there. Common Agricultural Policy pays more and more attention to these territories, in particular to their development. In this work it is argued that a generic agricultural and/or socio-economic characterization might be not sufficient to understand these territories, to formulate appropriate policies and ultimately to evaluate the effectiveness of such policy measures. In our view, the “agricultural” character is closely related to the farmland natural attributes as well as to the specific farming activities while the “rural” character is more related to the functional relationships with the urban areas. Hence, a methodology is discussed to classify a geographical space based on a simple measure of urbanization and to provide a classification that considers multiple degrees of urbanization and/or rurality. The method is applied to municipality data for the Lombardy region to distinguish network-based urban systems from mono-centric cities and to classify “non-urban” territories accordingly, separating rural from peri-urban areas. Statistical tests are conducted to study the extent to which the different typologies of territories identified differ with respect to a set of agricultural characteristics. Substantial differences in agriculture are highlighted between urban and rural areas as well as among “non-urban” areas, suggesting that more rigorous definitions of rural can best used to program policies for sustainable local development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73794116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Paddy Farmer's Unsustainability Farm Practices","authors":"Zainalabidin Mohamed,&nbsp;Rika Terano,&nbsp;Juwaidah Sharifuddin,&nbsp;Golnaz Rezai","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable agriculture is closely related to farming practices. In order to attain sustainable agriculture, there are many farming practices such as land preparation, used of fertilizers and weedicides among other indicators of farming practices. In particular, weed and pest control are focal points for certain crops such as cotton, rice, vegetables, and fruit with heavily applied chemical inputs which cause unsustainability in farming. Among food crops, paddy requires heavy doses of fertilizers, weedicides and pesticides to keep it healthy and productive. The objective of this study is to determine the factors that contribute to unsustainability of paddy farming practices at field level via Paddy Farmer Sustainability Index (PFSI) based on the current 33 paddy farming practices. Tobit regression analysis found that knowledge and awareness have played important role in determinant of unsustainability level in paddy farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74071475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycorrhizas in Trifolium Repens – A Short Term High Experiment Approach","authors":"Vlad Stoian,&nbsp;Roxana Vidican,&nbsp;Ioan Rotar,&nbsp;Florin Păcurar,&nbsp;Adriana Morea","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper aims to present the integrative potential of natural mycorrhization in short experiments. Mycorrhization parameters provide quantitative and qualitative indices of plant root development. Assessing the degree of dependence of plants to symbiotic association may represent an important step in estimating the strength and durability of a species in natural ecosystems. The degree of colonization is part of the methodology for estimating the volume explored by root symbiotic fungi, the value indicating the associative dependence. For values of the colonization degree below 10%, the association is casual and over 50% the association became mandatory. These values are due to a balanced frequencies and intensities. In general, differentiated fertilization and treatments acts to individualize the exploratory reaction of mycorrhizas. The strongest effects of the experimental variants are seen at the end of the growing season. Principal components analysis highlights the separation effect of fertilization and individualizes the treatments on graphs. Principal components analysis ordination of the colonization degree shows a normalization of mycorrhizal reaction to interaction fertilization x treatment and maximize the effect of experimental graduations. Zinc sulphate is the most restrictive treatment in combination with fertilization. Mineral or organo-mineral fertilization is beneficial for mulching at the vegetation peak and fungicides respond well to organo-mineral fertilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74511748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Use Efficiency on Cabbage and Cauliflower Treated with a New Biostimulant Composition","authors":"Ana-Maria Seciu ,&nbsp;Anca Oancea ,&nbsp;Alexandra Gaspar ,&nbsp;Lucia Moldovan ,&nbsp;Oana Craciunescu ,&nbsp;Laura Stefan ,&nbsp;Valentin Petrus ,&nbsp;Florentina Georgescu","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We developed a new plant biostimulant composition, containing low doses of sodium selenate, glycine betaine and a spray adjuvant. We performed an experiment to test the influence of treatments with this new biostimulant composition, on cabbage and cauliflower crops, cultivated under normal watered and water stress conditions. We aimed to prove that an efficient technology of protective biofortification with selenium of crops would solve two technical problems of cruciferous cultivation into a semi-arid area, with selenium soil deficit: (i) safety supplementation of food chain and, concomitant, (ii) enhanced water use efficiency. Normal watered plants were irrigated at a rate of 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Water stressed cabbage and cauliflower plants were irrigated under deficit conditions, at a 75% ETc. Six different treatments, including the new biostimulant composition and its ingredients, separate and/or in combination, were applied on cabbage and cauliflower, in a field experiment, organised in split plot design, with three replications. The treatments were applied by foliar spraying, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after seedlings transplantation in the field. During vegetation, physiological parameters (chlorophyll a fluorescence and stomatal conductance) were assayed. After harvesting, yield parameters were determined, for each treatment applied to both normal watered and water stressed plants. We calculated the water use efficiency as ratio between the marketable yield and the water used. We tested in field conditions this new biostimulant composition, which allows to obtain, under conditions of moderate water stress, a marketable production similar to that of the normal watered crop. Physiological parameters demonstrated also enhanced water-use efficiency on cabbage and cauliflower treated with the new biostimulant composition, containing sodium selenate, betaine and spraying adjuvant based on ethyl rapeseedate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 475-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84608623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Alternatives from the Bottom-up: The Case of Alternative Food Networks","authors":"Filippo Barbera,&nbsp;Joselle Dagnes","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternative food networks (AFNs) are a comprehensive body of practices related to food provisioning which are different from the mainstream food systems. In this paper we deepen this topic from a sociological standpoint, focusing on a wide range of AFNs located in the Piemonte region of Italy. We articulate our analytical and empirical study focusing on three central concepts: 1) accessibility, which refers both to the point of sales to the agri-food goods; 2) sustainability, both from the environmental and the economic perspective; 3) quality, conceived as a contested field within which forms of coordination between actors can emerge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 324-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88053002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Taro Leaves Using Pre-treated Enzyme as Prebiotics in Animal Feed","authors":"Pornpan Saenphoom,&nbsp;Suphavadee Chimtong,&nbsp;Sunee Phiphatkitphaisan,&nbsp;Sureerat Somsri","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to improve quality of taro leaves using pre-treated enzymes as prebiotic in animal feed. This study was assigned in T-test for dependent sample and consists of two <em>in vitro</em> experiments. First experiment consists of 2 treatments by different enzyme levels (0 and 1% w/v) with 3 replications. All treatment samples were measured for chemical compositions, reducing sugar content and oligosaccharides. The results showed that chemical compositions were significantly different among treatments (P&lt;0.01) except crude protein and cellulose. Enzyme-treated taro leaves had lower fat content (2.96 vs. 4.31%) and hemicelluloses (14.55 vs. 15.18%) as compared to untreated taro leaves (P&lt;0.01). Moreover, enzyme-treated taro leaves had higher reducing sugar content than untreated taro leaves (P&lt;0.01). They were 29.78 and 6.23<!--> <!-->mg/g, respectively. In addition, oligosaccharides analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) found that oligosaccharides in enzyme-treated and untreated taro leaves can digest product and releasing oligosaccharides. Second experiment was conducted to examine prebiotic properties. The results found that sugar product from taro leaves using pre-treated enzymes (Hemicell®) can increase growth of <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> (concentration of hydrolyzed products 400, 800, 1,200 and 1,600<!--> <!-->μg/ml) but cannot inhibit the growth of <em>Escherichia coli</em>. In conclusion, it was suggested that enzyme-treated taro leaves can be used as prebiotic in animal feed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.12.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80856846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Analysis of Potato Farming System at Sloping Land in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi","authors":"Saida ,&nbsp;Abdullah ,&nbsp;E. Novita ,&nbsp;M. Ilsan","doi":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to analyse the sustainability of potato farming systems on sloping land in Gowa Regency based on the assessment of sustainability index and their status. The assessment was done using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method with RAP-farm software. There are five dimension of potato farming system being analysed; ecological, economic, institutional, technological and social. Results of ordination technique of MDS methods showed that the potato farming sustainability index ranged from 39.6 to 62.8 in 100 scales. The value of ecological, economic, institutional and technological dimensions are including quite sustainable category, while social dimensions is including less sustainable category in potato farming systems. Leverage analysis of RAP-farm found that 19 attributes of 43 attributes being analysed gives sensitive effect on the sustainability index of potato farming systems on sloping land in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100063,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81133507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}