{"title":"FLEW: A DNS Solver for Compressible Flows in Generalized Curvilinear Coordinates","authors":"Giulio Soldati, Alessandro Ceci, Sergio Pirozzoli","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00199-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00199-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present FLEW, an in-house high-fidelity solver for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent compressible flows over arbitrary shaped geometries. FLEW solves the Navier–Stokes equations written in a generalized curvilinear coordinate system, in which the surface coordinates are non-orthogonal, whereas the third axis is normal to the surface. Spatial discretization relies on high-order finite-difference schemes. The convective terms are discretized using an hybrid approach, combining the near-zero numerical dissipation provided by central approximations with the robustness of weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes, required to capture shock waves. Central schemes are stabilized using a skew-symmetric-like splitting of convective derivatives, endowing the solver with the energy-preserving property in the inviscid limit. The maximum order of accuracy is eighth for central schemes (also used for viscous terms discretization) and seventh for WENO. The code is oriented to modern high-performance computing (HPC) platforms thanks to message passing interface (MPI) parallelization and the ability to run on graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures. Reliability, accuracy and robustness of the code are assessed in the low-subsonic, transonic and supersonic regimes. We present the results of several benchmarks, namely the inviscid Taylor–Green vortex, turbulent curved channel flow, transonic laminar flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil and turbulent supersonic ramp flow. The results for all configurations proved to be in excellent agreement with previous studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 4","pages":"413 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00199-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation and Validation of a Numerical Method for Concentrated Suspensions in Large Flows Based on the Particle Diffusion Equation","authors":"Raoul Andriulli, Luca Fadigati, Mattia Magnani, Nabil Souhair, Fabrizio Ponti","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00197-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00197-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the development of an OpenFOAM solver aimed at correctly predicting dynamics of concentrated suspensions when subjected to non-uniform shear flows. The newly implemented solver is able to predict the behavior of a heterogeneous mixture whose characteristics depend on the solid particle local concentration. To simulate such behavior, the conservation equation expressing the time variation of the particle volume fraction has been implemented in OpenFOAM; this was achieved by modifying a pre-existing solver, <i>pimpleFoam</i>, which discretizes the Navier–Stokes system of equation through the PIMPLE algorithm. As a first step, the formulation of the momentum equation has been adapted to correctly solve cases with non-Newtonian fluids. Successively, the Krieger’s correlation has been used to model the viscosity variation in the domain to take in account heterogeneous particle distributions. Finally, the iterative cycle for the solution of the migration equation has been included within the time loop. The above-mentioned code has been successfully validated by comparing the numerical results with the measured data provided by experiments reported in literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 2","pages":"165 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00197-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonardo Barilaro, Jason Gauci, Marlon Galea, Andrea Filippozzi, David Vella, Robert Camilleri
{"title":"Innovative Multi-Unmanned Vehicle System for Enhancing Diver Safety: BEA","authors":"Leonardo Barilaro, Jason Gauci, Marlon Galea, Andrea Filippozzi, David Vella, Robert Camilleri","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00198-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00198-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents BEA (Buoy Eau Air), an innovative multi-unmanned vehicle system to address the issue of marine traffic endangering scuba diving and free diving. Scuba diving is a popular recreational activity with over 6 million active participants worldwide. Boat drivers may fail to recognize universal markers due to a variety of factors, such as inattention, unfamiliarity with dive zones, or poor visibility. In addition, some boat drivers may deliberately speed too close to dive zones, unaware of the dangers they pose to divers. This risk is particularly pronounced in popular dive destinations like Malta, where boat traffic can be heavy. Divers in these areas are often more vulnerable to collisions. To mitigate these risks, the proposed system consists of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), which work in synergy to monitor and protect divers. The UAV monitors the surface of the sea near the dive zone for any traffic, while the USV tracks the UUV, communicates with the other unmanned vehicles, and provides a takeoff/landing surface for the UAV. The USV can also be used to tow divers and equipment to and from the shore. Finally, the UUV tracks the diver and warns them if it is unsafe to surface. The paper provides an overview of the system’s design and architecture, as well as algorithms for boat detection, precision landing, and UUV tracking. Preliminary tests on a prototype have shown that the system is suitable for the intended application. The BEA system is the first in the world to use a multi-drone system to create a geo-fence around the diver and monitor the area within it. This has the potential to significantly improve diver safety with real-time alerts, providing also assistance with navigation, towing of divers and emergency response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 4","pages":"339 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-Optimal Feedback Guidance for Low-Thrust Earth Orbit Transfers","authors":"D. Atmaca, M. Pontani","doi":"10.1007/s42496-023-00193-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-023-00193-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research describes a near-optimal feedback guidance, based on nonlinear orbit control, for low-thrust Earth orbit transfers. Lyapunov stability theory leads to proving that although several equilibria exist, only the desired operational conditions are associated with a stable equilibrium. This ensures quasi-global asymptotic convergence toward the desired final orbit. The dynamical model includes the effect of eclipsing on the available thrust, as well as all the relevant orbit perturbations, such as several harmonics of the geopotential, solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic drag, and gravitational attraction due to the Sun and the Moon. Near-optimality of the feedback guidance comes from careful selection of the control gains. They are identified in two steps. Step (a) is an extensive table search in which the gains are changed in a large interval. Step (b) uses a numerical optimization algorithm that refines the gains found in (a), while minimizing the time of flight. For the numerical simulations, two scenarios are defined: (i) nominal conditions and (ii) nonnominal conditions, which arise from orbit injection errors and stochastic failures of the propulsion system. For case (i), gain optimization leads to obtaining numerical results very close to those corresponding to a known optimal orbit transfer with eclipse arcs. Moreover, for case (ii), extensive Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the nonlinear feedback guidance at hand is effective in driving a spacecraft from a low Earth orbit to a geostationary orbit, also in the presence of nonnominal flight conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 3","pages":"245 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-023-00193-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139814354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Guidotti, Alessandro Princi, Jaime Gutierrez-Briceno, Federico Trovarelli, Giuseppe Governale, Nicole Viola, Ingrid Dietlein, Steffen Callsen, Kevin Bergmann, Junnai Zhai, Thomas Gawehn, Roberto Gardi, Barbara Tiseo, Ysolde Prevereaud, Yann Dauvois, Giovanni Gambacciani, Giada Dammacco
{"title":"EFESTO-2: European Flexible Heat Shields Advanced TPS Design and Tests for Future In-Orbit Demonstration-2","authors":"Giuseppe Guidotti, Alessandro Princi, Jaime Gutierrez-Briceno, Federico Trovarelli, Giuseppe Governale, Nicole Viola, Ingrid Dietlein, Steffen Callsen, Kevin Bergmann, Junnai Zhai, Thomas Gawehn, Roberto Gardi, Barbara Tiseo, Ysolde Prevereaud, Yann Dauvois, Giovanni Gambacciani, Giada Dammacco","doi":"10.1007/s42496-023-00191-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-023-00191-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>EFESTO-2 is an EU-funded project under Horizon Europe that aims to enhance European expertise in Inflatable Heat Shields (IHS). Building on the achievements of the previous EFESTO project (H2020 funds No 821801), EFESTO-2 focuses on advancing key IHS technologies to increase their Technology Readiness Level (TRL). The project pillars include analysing the business case for IHS applications, exploring additional aspects of IHS, improving tools and models and establishing a development roadmap for IHS systems. This paper outlines the project objectives and plan, highlighting ongoing and future activities for the next 2 years, positioning it within the European re-entry technology roadmap. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe program (grant agreement No 1010811041).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 2","pages":"149 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-023-00191-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Validation of Virtual Wind Tunnel Testing for Ultra-low Reynolds Numbers Flows","authors":"Manuel Carreño Ruiz, Domenic D’Ambrosio","doi":"10.1007/s42496-023-00189-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-023-00189-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent success of the Ingenuity Mars helicopter developed by the jet propulsion laboratory (JPL) demonstrated the feasibility of the Martian flight. Low pressure (660 Pa) and temperature (210 K) characterize the ground-level Martian atmosphere. Since such conditions are difficult and expensive to mimic on Earth, it is necessary to have reliable simulation tools that can correctly reproduce Martian aerodynamics. In the case of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), the latter is characterized by a high subsonic Mach number at the tip of the blades and an Ultra-low Reynolds number regime (<span>(1000< hbox {Re} < 10000)</span>). To this purpose, the laminar solver embedded in the commercial CFD code STAR CCM+ was validated by reproducing experiments carried out in the Martian Wind Tunnel at Tohoku University using a triangular airfoil wing at Reynolds 3000 and a Mach number of 0.5. Simulations are performed at angles of attack ranging from 0 to 16 degrees showing a satisfactory agreement with experimental results for very different flow conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 2","pages":"137 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling, Simulation, and Control of a Formation of Multirotor Aircraft for Transportation of Suspended Loads","authors":"Elia Costantini","doi":"10.1007/s42496-023-00192-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-023-00192-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to contribute to the innovation in the urban air mobility and delivery sector and represents a starting point for air logistics and its future scenarios. The dissertation focuses on modeling, simulation, and control of a formation of multirotor aircraft for cooperative load transportation, with particular attention to the stabilization of payload swing motion. Starting from the mathematical model of two identical multirotors, formation-flight-keeping and collision-avoidance algorithms are implemented to ensure the safety of the vehicles within the formation and that of the payload. Then, a mathematical model for the suspended load is implemented, as well as an active controller for its stabilization. The focus of this section is thus represented by the analysis of payload oscillatory motion, whose kinetic energy decay is investigated. Several test cases are presented to establish the most effective and safe strategy in light of future aerospace applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 3","pages":"233 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}