Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio最新文献

{"title":"Considerations for a Spaceport in Venezuela: A Developing Country","authors":"André Prialé Cappa","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00227-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00227-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduction of components and the development of more powerful satellites with smaller dimensions have allowed an increasing number of users, including universities, research centers, and space agencies in developing countries, to have access to technologies and/or equipment that would have been impossible a few decades ago, paving the way for the development of low-cost space missions. However, the space drive in developing countries includes not only the acquisition of small satellite components, or the construction of CubeSats, but also the creation of spaceports, from which agencies could launch their own delivery vehicles. The rapid worldwide increase of CubeSats, and the long waiting periods between launches of the main payloads, prompted the present investigation, where the main factors to consider in the selection of a spaceport location were stipulated. Therefore, to meet the objective of studying the various factors, a series of points to be analyzed were established: low latitudes, azimuth limitations, natural factors, political and social considerations, airspace, accessibility, and political stability. After analyzing the factors, we proceeded to the analysis of various locations in Venezuela for small space vector missions, where starting from three possible locations and after analyzing each one, we obtained as a result “El Pao”, a location in the Venezuelan plains, far from urban centers, with good communication routes, latitude of only 9° and few azimuth limitations. However, the factors analyzed in this research are not exclusively framed in the Venezuelan space effort as they are common to any country wishing to establish a spaceport in its territory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 3","pages":"289 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIDAA News #23","authors":"Michele Guida","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00230-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00230-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 3","pages":"315 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Helicopter Rotor Loads and Fatigue Damage Evaluation with Neural Networks","authors":"Alberto Graziani,&nbsp;Davide Prederi,&nbsp;Alberto Angelo Trezzini,&nbsp;Marco Favale,&nbsp;Pierangelo Masarati","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00226-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00226-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, machine learning algorithms have experienced rapid advancement, driven by the exponential growth of data availability and computational capabilities. Among these algorithms, artificial neural networks stand out as one of the most renowned and effective classes, possessing the ability to discern relationships within data. In this study, we harness neural networks to deduce the relationship between flight mechanics parameters and resulting loads in an articulated rotor configuration. The accuracy of these algorithms hinges closely on the quality of the dataset used for training. Given that rotor loads manifest as time-periodic signals with precise harmonic content, we train dedicated neural networks to predict each harmonic individually. Subsequently, the load time history is reconstructed post hoc by amalgamating predictions from each individual network. Various network architectures are explored, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted on hyper-parameters to determine the optimal configuration for this specific application. Moreover, these predictions serve as input for a fatigue damage calculation algorithm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 3","pages":"223 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00226-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material Characterisation of Deflated Structured Fabrics","authors":"E. Rustighi,&nbsp;P. Gardonio,&nbsp;S. Baldini,&nbsp;C. Malacarne,&nbsp;M. Perini","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00228-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00228-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structured fabrics are made by interwoven rigid elements that form flexible garments such as chain mail armours. Traditionally, the mechanical properties of these materials were considered fixed. However, recent research has revealed their mechanical properties may be varied. Notably, studies have demonstrated that applying vacuum pressure between layers of 3D-printed chain mails enclosed in a bag induces particle and layer jamming of the elements, thereby affecting the material’s bending modulus. This arises from both compressive frictional forces and the complex geometrical interlocking of the rigid elements. This paper presents a comprehensive set of experimental tests for the characterisation of the stiffness and damping properties with respect to the type and number of fabrics and with respect to the vacuum pressure. More specifically, the study examines experimentally the changes in static properties in response to vacuum pressure changes evaluated on a four- and six-point bending setups. The outcome of this measurement campaign is then reported into the Ashby diagrams to compare the mechanical properties of the in-vacuum structured fabrics with those of classical materials. The potential applications of this research include the development of lightweight adaptive and semi-active vibration mitigation devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 3","pages":"247 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00228-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Comments About the Quality and Quantity of Papers","authors":"Sergio De Rosa,&nbsp;Erasmo Carrera","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00229-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00229-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"103 3","pages":"201 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142414733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dust Mitigation Strategies Enabling Moon Exploration Missions","authors":"Guido Saccone,&nbsp;Nunzia Favaloro","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00225-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00225-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Micrometric dust particles of lunar regolith represent one of the most serious issues of the harsh Moon environment. Indeed, the extremely high vacuum conditions expose the lunar soil minerals to intense ultraviolet and galactic cosmic rays’ bombardment during the Moon’s daylight producing photoionization of the constituent’s atoms and electron release. Moreover, the Moon periodically interacts with the surrounding solar wind which generates a continuous flux of charged particles accompanied by electric fields around the terminator region able to lift off the lunar regolith dust up to ~100 km above the geometrical surface. In this way, micrometric granular matter forms a subtle veil of contaminants. This electrically charged and extremely adhering dust environment not only can cause various critical drawbacks to several robotic parts, e.g., mechanical components, electronic devices, solar panels, thermal radiators, rover seals and bearings, etc. but also can dramatically damage the respiratory systems of humans if accidentally inhaled. For these reasons, lunar dust was recognized, by several agencies including NASA and ESA, as one of the main hazards for the ongoing robotic and manned exploration and colonization of our natural satellite. To overcome or at least mitigate these issues, several technologies were developed and assessed ranging from the active ones requiring a source of energy, e.g., mechanical, fluidal, and, above all, electric devices, to the passive technologies involving suitable material design and development. The work here reported presents several possible active and passive chemical and physical strategies for protecting sensitive surfaces of space systems against granular contamination. This paper is intended as a survey of dust mitigation issues and technical mitigation with the approach pursued by the Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA) related to a hybrid technique with an innovative material. The strategy that is under implementation by CIRA is based on the combination of active and passive techniques and consists of the design and development of innovative high-performance polymers exhibiting simultaneously outstanding thermo-mechanical properties and superior non-sticking capacity, i.e., <i>abhesion</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 3","pages":"233 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Spray System of the TerraXcube Icing Wind Tunnel","authors":"Arrigo Avi,&nbsp;Lorenzo Becce,&nbsp;Giuseppe Quaranta,&nbsp;Fabrizio Mazzetto,&nbsp;Riccardo Parin","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00224-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00224-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has shown great technological progress, and many new applications were born. To assess the potential of this technology and to improve the availability and reliability of the rising services it is critical to overcome operational limitations. One key operational hazard is atmospheric in-flight icing, resulting in large aerodynamic penalties, unbalances and other detrimental phenomena that can sometimes lead to catastrophic consequences. In this paper, a new ice tunnel developed in the large hypobaric and climatic chamber of the terraXcube facility of Eurac will be presented. Following a preliminary characterization of the nozzles employed in the tunnel by shadowgraphy at the Free University of Bolzano, a characterization and calibration of the spray system has been performed following the EASA regulation reported in the Easy Access Rules for Large Rotorcraft (CS-29).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 3","pages":"213 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00224-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Preliminary Testing of the ATEMO Multi-Purpose Sensing Platform","authors":"Federico Toson,&nbsp;Alessio Aboudan,&nbsp;Carlo Bettanini,&nbsp;Giacomo Colombatti,&nbsp;Irene Terlizzi,&nbsp;Sebastiano Chiodini,&nbsp;Lorenzo Olivieri,&nbsp;Giovanni Trevisanuto","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00222-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00222-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current global context, where the issue of climate change has gained significant prominence, the ATEMO (Aerospace Technologies for Earth Monitoring and Observation) project introduces an innovative and scalable platform capable of measuring multiple environmental factors, including air pollution, light pollution, and vegetation analysis. This versatile platform can be seamlessly integrated onto various aerial vehicles, such as drones, stratospheric balloons, and tethered balloons. Its primary goal is to establish a comprehensive framework for environmental analysis on multiple fronts, while also contributing valuable data to the scientific literature. Furthermore, it offers a cost-effective alternative with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution for ground-based comparisons. During the initial year of research, ATEMO project focused on amalgamating the technological expertise of the research group into a single device. This device facilitated ground-based light source observations, multi-spectral vegetation analysis, and air quality assessments. The first test campaign, carried out during the summer of 2023, was aimed at estimating vegetation indices and comparing them over time with satellite-derived data. This article provides insights into the current configuration of ATEMO, outlines the testing procedures, and presents the preliminary findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 1","pages":"47 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00222-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Civil Single-Pilot Operations: A State-of-the-Art Review","authors":"Nicola Puca,&nbsp;Giorgio Guglieri","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00223-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00223-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advanced avionics and automation technologies have significantly transformed cockpit operations, resulting in a gradual reduction of the crew members on-board. Single-pilot operations (SPO) concept is gaining significant attention in the aviation industry due to its potential for cost savings and to cope with the anticipated pilot shortage and the increasing air traffic demand. This paper conducts a scoping literature review on SPOs, serving as an initial step to map the scientific peer-reviewed content on the subject. The survey focuses on three thematic domains, which are, respectively, operations, automation, and the emerging field of digital and cognitive flight assistants. The methodology involved the use of Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore databases. Sources were selected adapting the search criteria to the proposed sub-topics and prioritizing either the most cited and recent contributions. The analysis of the literature reveals a growing body of work in the recent years. This review also highlights interest in the human-centered design for automation solutions which are responsive to cognitive and behavioral states of the pilot. While acknowledging the potential safety and operational challenges associated with SPOs and the pilot-automation cooperation, this work suggests that great research efforts should be made on the human factor and regulatory subjects to pave the way for a feasible and safe implementation of the single-pilot paradigm in commercial aviation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 3","pages":"187 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00223-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading the Compressor Stage of the CAT250TJ Micro Gas Turbine Engine","authors":"Hano van Eck,&nbsp;Sybrand Johannes van der Spuy","doi":"10.1007/s42496-024-00221-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42496-024-00221-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to their simplicity and relative ease of manufacture, single-stage centrifugal and mixed flow micro gas turbine (MGT) engines are preferred in thrust-based remotely piloted aerial vehicles. A single-stage mixed-flow compressor upgrade for the 200 N CAT250TJ MGT engine is numerically evaluated and presented. An in-house developed mean line application and commercial CFD software is used for the design and performance evaluation of the proposed upgrade configurations. The CAT250TJ – Gen1 engine features a single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular combustor, and single stage axial turbine. Apart from an upgraded impeller, a new crossover diffuser configuration is introduced to replace the wedge-type, straight outlet diffuser configuration of the Gen1 engine. The new single vane crossover diffuser configuration provides a design point total-to-total efficiency and pressure ratio increase of 8.3% and 12.1%, respectively. A disadvantage of a single-vaned crossover diffuser compared to legacy diffusers is a narrower operating range. To alleviate this issue, various combinations of tandem and splitter vane crossover diffuser configurations are proposed. These provide an enhanced operating range, comparable with the operating range displayed by the Gen1 configuration. A turbine power matching analysis is additionally completed to ensure proper compressor integration. Gas turbine cycle software is used to evaluate the on-engine performance of the upgraded compressor configurations. It is shown that the new baseline, single vane crossover diffuser configuration provides a 10.74% increase in design point static thrust.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100054,"journal":{"name":"Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio","volume":"104 2","pages":"91 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42496-024-00221-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}