{"title":"Designing a Filtered Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller With Disturbance Rejection for a Nonideal Buck Converter Utilizing an Upgraded Genetic Algorithm and Pattern Search","authors":"Cihan Ersali, Baran Hekimoğlu, Musa Yilmaz","doi":"10.1002/adc2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research introduces an enhanced metaheuristic algorithm named GAPS, a combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) with tournament selection (TS) and the pattern search (PS) algorithm. The primary objective is improving GA's capacity for exploring and exploiting potential solutions. The proposed algorithm optimizes a Nonideal buck converter's output voltage controlled by a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller with an added low-pass filter (PID-N-F). The algorithm is carefully designed, incorporating a strategically imposed crossover frequency constraint to counteract signal noise at higher frequencies. This approach ensures robust performance in the presence of various disturbances. The algorithm's effectiveness is evaluated using statistical box plots and by comparing convergence rates with the standard GA method. It is also compared how the GAPS-optimized PID-N-F controller performs in the buck converter relative to the standard GA approach and classical pole placement (PP) method. The comprehensive evaluation covers robustness analysis, frequency and transient responses, load and input voltage variation as disturbance rejection. The results indicate that the GAPS-based system performs better than the GA- and PP-based systems in various aspects. These findings affirm the GAPS-based system's superior stability, efficiency, and robustness relative to the GA- and PP-based alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rigatos, M. Abbaszadeh, P. Siano, J. Pomares, M. AL-Numay
{"title":"Nonlinear Optimal Control of an H-Type Gantry Crane Driven by Dual PMLSMs","authors":"G. Rigatos, M. Abbaszadeh, P. Siano, J. Pomares, M. AL-Numay","doi":"10.1002/adc2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gantry cranes of the H-type with dual electric-motor actuation are widely used in industry. In this article, the control problem of an H-type gantry crane which is driven by a pair of linear permanent magnet synchronous motors (dual PMLSMs) is considered. The integrated system that comprises the H-type gantry crane and its two LPMSMs is proven to be differentially flat. The control problem for this robotic system is solved with the use of a nonlinear optimal control method. To apply the nonlinear optimal control method, the dynamic model of the H-type gantry crane with dual LPMSM undergoes approximate linearization at each sampling instant with the use of first-order Taylor series expansion and through the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. The linearization point is defined by the present value of the system's state vector and by the last sampled value of the control inputs vector. To compute the feedback gains of the optimal controller an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each time-step of the control algorithm. The global stability properties of the nonlinear optimal control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis. The proposed control scheme achieves stabilization of the H-type gantry crane with dual LPMSMs without the need of diffeomorphisms and complicated state-space model transformations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a Model Predictive Controlled Single-Stage Boost Assisted High Frequency Inverter for Wireless EV Charging System","authors":"R. Venugopal, C. Balaji","doi":"10.1002/adc2.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article proposes a new Wireless EV charging system with a single stage boost assisted flyback (SSBAFB) inverter. Also, this presents Model predictive (MP) control for the proposed system. The key merits of the proposed SSBAFB inverter are better efficiency (boost stage optimizes the energy transfer), cost-effectiveness, possibility of integrating with renewable sources. The significant features of MP control are predictive performance, better dynamic response, multi-objective control, robustness, and many more. In the literature, two MP controls were employed, one on the transmitter side and the other on the receiver side for controlling efficiency and load regulation respectively. The proposed MP-controlled SSBAFB inverter-based WPT system utilizes single MP control, which can attend to both load regulation and efficiency enhancement. To validate the performance of the proposed WPT system, a 3.3 kW laboratory model has been developed. The steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed system under closed-loop control exhibits better performance. The comparison of the proposed converter with possible converter topologies shows that the proposed converter stands out in producing high efficiency. A comparative study of the proposed MP controller with other conventional controls proves that the proposed MP controller offers better steady-state stability and fast dynamic responses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of Torque Ripple and Rotor Position for SRM (8/6-4 Phases) Using an Optimization-Based Model Predictive Torque Control","authors":"Jayshree Dasharath Pawar, Mangesh D. Nikose","doi":"10.1002/adc2.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.242","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most electric cars and wind turbines employ switched reluctance motors (SRM), but it has some disadvantages, namely high torque ripple because of its power supply mode and multiphase communication. Model predictive torque control (MPTC) with sailfish optimization (SFO) method is proposed to reduce torque ripple of SRM using torque sharing function (TSF). To develop an efficient torque ripple algorithm, the flux-linkage characteristic curves are first acquired at protected rotor trial and create an accurate SRM model. It predicts future operation for drive system in SRM architecture. Second, the SFO algorithm is employed to enhance TSF parameters also to minimize the torque value of SRM. Then, the TSF-based MPTC method is developed to avoid problem like conversion of frequency produced by controller. Finally, atom search optimization (ASO) is used to adjust sensor for correct rotor position of the SRM. To verify the performance of the proposed method, MPTC-SFO is compared with direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) method. Proposed MPTC-SFO method attained more efficient result of 12.79% reduced torque ripple than DITC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos A. Cappelletti, Hugo A. Pipino, Emanuel Bernardi, Eduardo J. Adam
{"title":"Modeling of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor and Controller Design Using LMI Approaches","authors":"Carlos A. Cappelletti, Hugo A. Pipino, Emanuel Bernardi, Eduardo J. Adam","doi":"10.1002/adc2.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.240","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The design of non-linear control systems remains a challenge today, therefore through this work a procedure to obtain a vertex-reduced multi-model representation, without loss of convexity, is proposed as a suitable solution. That is, a novel approach which considers all parameter variations around the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) system operating region is developed, resulting in a unique polytopic representation. After that, based on the linear matrix inequalities approach, a control scheme is developed to compute the optimal matrix gains, while the operating, states and inputs, constraints are satisfied and the stability conditions are ensured. Finally, the realistic simulation results highlight the model representation effectiveness in capturing the CSTR dynamic behavior in the operating region, despite parameter variations, allowing the optimal control law design, overcoming the non-linear system nature, to achieve the desired closed-loop system performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Energy Systems: Synergy Margin and Control Co-Design","authors":"Mario Garcia-Sanz","doi":"10.1002/adc2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extraordinary properties emerge from subsystems' interactions. Hybrid energy systems (HESs) are a promising concept that could change the renewable energy landscape. By co-designing generation, storage, and conversion technologies, HESs can provide new electrical power services, increase grid stability and control authority, and generate energy and/or nonenergy products such as electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, heat, digital data, or fresh water. This article discusses some conditions the co-design of HESs should follow to optimize the combined system (<i>synergy</i>), avoiding deterioration (<i>dysfunction</i>). It introduces some technoeconomic <i>synergy conditions</i>, develops a <i>synergy margin</i>, and analyses several case studies, exploring also the control co-design methodology to optimize synergistically the hybrid system.</p>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunhong Liu, Xianming Liu, Yuanrong Zhao, Chongwen Wang, Fang Ge
{"title":"Research on Measurement Algorithm of Thermocouple Time Constant Under Multiple Incentive Experimental Conditions","authors":"Yunhong Liu, Xianming Liu, Yuanrong Zhao, Chongwen Wang, Fang Ge","doi":"10.1002/adc2.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The time constant is often an important indicator parameter to evaluate the response speed of thermocouples. However, in practical applications, the output signal suffers from interference and deformation due to the excitation signal not satisfying the desired step size, data transmission delay, and the effect of mechanical vibrations, which do not match the output response of the system of the same order. In addition, the measurement results are not reproducible due to the subjective influence of the manual measurement method. In this paper, we propose a method to compute the time constant. The output signal is modified by filtering and fitting to enable the automatic calculation of the time constant, and the parameters of the algorithm are discussed. We developed a thermocouple time constant measurement device using a water bath and laser excitation conditions, obtaining response signals from thermocouples with different wire diameters and laser powers. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed time constant calculation methods in accurately capturing the changing trend of thermocouples with different wire diameters and laser powers. These methods successfully meet the requirements for processing the dynamic response signals of thermocouples under various excitation conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guntuku Ravi Kiran, Subba Rao Kotam Raju, Malligunta Kiran Kumar
{"title":"A Novel Enhanced Fire Hawks Optimization Approach for Improving the Efficiency of Converter-Based Controllers in Switched Reluctance Motors","authors":"Guntuku Ravi Kiran, Subba Rao Kotam Raju, Malligunta Kiran Kumar","doi":"10.1002/adc2.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have gained popularity in various industrial applications due to their advantages, including structural simplicity, high reliability, low cost, and operational stability over a wide speed range without relying on rare-earth permanent magnet materials. However, these motors exhibit drawbacks such as weak torque density, low efficiency, and significant torque ripple, particularly in high-speed operation. An efficient converter-based control approach is proposed to manage speed and torque variations in SRM motors, addressing these issues. A multilevel converter (MC) is introduced as a fundamental component. The novel multilevel converter (NMC) accommodates SRMs with varying numbers of phases and exhibits quick demagnetization and excitation behaviors, enabling independent operation of each phase even during conduction overlaps. Subsequently, an effective controller is developed for the SRM motor, combining proportional integral derivative (PID) control with enhanced fire hawks optimization (EFHO). The EFHO optimizes the PID gain values to enhance controller performance. The converter operation minimizes torque ripple and facilitates speed management. The EFHO technique is a fusion of fire hawks optimization (FHO) and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA). This amalgamation improves the updating process of FHO by incorporating SCA. The proposed methodology is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated through various metrics, including SRM motor current, voltage, speed, and torque, under electric vehicle (EV) load conditions. Performance comparisons are conducted with traditional optimization algorithms such as the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and ant colony optimization (ACO). The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in achieving improved SRM motor control and performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forouzan Ghalebzade, Habibollah Molatefi, Rahim Zahedi, Sareh Daneshgar
{"title":"Analyzing Operational Dynamics: Centralized Load Distribution and Suspended Wagons in Self-Propelled Trains","authors":"Forouzan Ghalebzade, Habibollah Molatefi, Rahim Zahedi, Sareh Daneshgar","doi":"10.1002/adc2.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper primarily focuses on the distribution of axial loads in railway networks. The analysis assesses the advantages and disadvantages of articulated trains. In addition, the perspectives and proposed solutions of academicians are analyzed. Simpack accurately models all aspects of this articulated train model. Subsequently, the program emulates the control system of the train. This study demonstrates a control system that utilizes a hydraulic actuator. The proposed model and control system actuator's dynamic response are evaluated according to EN14363 and UIC518 standards to validate the functionality of the component. The stability of a railway train, particularly when making turns, relies on the proper allocation of weight on the wheels and axles. This research investigates the hazards associated with the uneven distribution of loads in train wagons, particularly when navigating curving tracks. A train designed for intercity travel was constructed utilizing a specific control system. The discrepancy in axle load is mitigated by implementing a straightforward control method. The train's carriage, which is suspended without bogies, resulted in fluctuating axle load. A disparity in axle load was established by an actuator positioned between the wagons. The control mechanism minimized load disparity and regulated axle load.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Security Enhancement Scheduling Model for IoT-Based Smart Cities Through Machine Learning Method","authors":"Anuj Kumar Dwivedi, Sanjeev Kumar Prasad","doi":"10.1002/adc2.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly evolving, and this has supported the adoption of a new computing paradigm that moves processing power to the network's edge. The job must be assigned to the computer nodes, where their associated data is available, to minimize overheads generated by data transmissions in the network, because the edge nodes have limited processing power and are vulnerable to security. Hence, the paper introduces a novel security-enhanced scheduling model for IoT-based smart cities utilizing machine learning techniques. Initially, nodes are initialized using the LHK-Means algorithm. Subsequently, tasks, representing requests from multiple users to access IoT data, are scheduled. Anomaly detection tasks are then identified using an L<sup>2</sup>-Norm-based fuzzy model. Normal tasks are processed by the BN-CNN model, which schedules data collection tasks through the initialized IoT device nodes. Comparative analysis with existing models illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, and f-measure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100030,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Control for Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adc2.235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}