Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines最新文献

{"title":"Ent-pimarane and ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Siegesbeckia pubescens and their anti-endothelial damage effect in diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Mengjia Liu ,&nbsp;Tingting Luo ,&nbsp;Rongxian Li,&nbsp;Wenying Yin,&nbsp;Fengying Yang,&nbsp;Di Ge,&nbsp;Na Liu","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60827-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60827-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic retinopathy, a prevalent and vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of blindness among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Natural diterpenoids isolated from <em>Siegesbeckia pubescens</em> demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to identify novel bioactive diterpenoids from <em>S. pubescens</em> and investigate their effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy, both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Three new <em>ent</em>-pimarane-type diterpenoids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) and six known compounds (<strong>4</strong>–<strong>9</strong>) were isolated from the aerial parts of <em>S. pubescens</em>. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic data interpretation, and absolute configurations were determined by comparing calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Among these compounds, 14<em>β</em>,16-epoxy-<em>ent</em>-3<em>β</em>,15<em>α</em>,19-trihydroxypimar-7-ene (<strong>5</strong>) exhibited the most potent protective effect against high glucose and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated human retinal endothelial cells. Mechanistically, compound <strong>5</strong> promoted endothelial cell survival while ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy, both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. These findings not only suggest that diterpenoids such as compound <strong>5</strong> are important anti-inflammatory constituents in <em>S. pubescens</em>, but also indicate that compound <strong>5</strong> may serve as a lead compound for preventing or treating vascular complications associated with diabetic retinopathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 234-244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment through sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway","authors":"Yang Wenqin ,&nbsp;Wen Wen ,&nbsp;Chen Hao ,&nbsp;Zhang Haijun ,&nbsp;Lu Yun ,&nbsp;Wang Ping ,&nbsp;Xu Shijun","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60808-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60808-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activation of the sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid (ZFXN) ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). However, the underlying mechanism, particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, remains unclear. This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model using SH-SY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation (2VO). The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory, neuroprotective activity, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X (Bax) ratio, reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL)⁺ cells, and markedly improved cognition, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity, evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Tom20 fluorescence intensity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge (EC) levels, and mitochondrial complex I and III activity, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage. Additionally, ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1, nuclear Nrf2, and HO-1 levels. Notably, these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 <em>in vitro</em>. In conclusion, ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buqi-Tongluo Decoction inhibits osteoclastogenesis and alleviates bone loss in ovariectomized rats by attenuating NFATc1, MAPK, NF-κB signaling","authors":"Li Yongxian ,&nbsp;Yuan Jinbo ,&nbsp;Deng Wei ,&nbsp;Li Haishan ,&nbsp;Lin Yuewei ,&nbsp;Yang Jiamin ,&nbsp;Chen Kai ,&nbsp;Qiu Heng ,&nbsp;Wang Ziyi ,&nbsp;Kuek Vincent ,&nbsp;Wang Dongping ,&nbsp;Zhang Zhen ,&nbsp;Mai Bin ,&nbsp;Shao Yang ,&nbsp;Kang Pan ,&nbsp;Qin Qiuli ,&nbsp;Li Jinglan ,&nbsp;Guo Huizhi ,&nbsp;Ma Yanhuai ,&nbsp;Guo Danqing ,&nbsp;Zhang Shuncong","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60810-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60810-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, leading to increased fragility. Buqi-Tongluo (BQTL) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has yet to be fully evaluated for its potential in treating bone diseases such as osteoporosis. To investigate the mechanism by which BQTL decoction inhibits osteoclast differentiation <em>in vitro</em> and validate these findings through <em>in vivo</em> experiments. We employed MTS assays to assess the potential proliferative or toxic effects of BQTL on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) at various concentrations. TRAcP experiments were conducted to examine BQTL's impact on osteoclast differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were utilized to evaluate the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins under BQTL stimulation. Finally, <em>in vivo</em> experiments were performed using an osteoporosis model to further validate the <em>in vitro</em> findings. This study revealed that BQTL suppressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorption activity <em>in vitro</em> in a dose-dependent manner without observable cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of BQTL on osteoclast formation and function were attributed to the downregulation of NFATc1 and c-fos activity, primarily through attenuation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and Calcineurin signaling pathways. BQTL's inhibitory capacity was further examined <em>in vivo</em> using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, demonstrating a strong protective effect against bone loss. BQTL may serve as an effective therapeutic TCM for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the alleviation of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and related conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances, strategies, and future perspectives of peptide-based drugs in clinical applications","authors":"Yang Qimeng ,&nbsp;Hu Zhipeng ,&nbsp;Jiang Hongyu ,&nbsp;Wang Jialing ,&nbsp;Han Han ,&nbsp;Shi Wei ,&nbsp;Qian Hai","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60800-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60800-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peptide-based therapies have attracted considerable interest in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases due to their promising therapeutic properties and enhanced safety profiles. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major trends in peptide drug discovery and development, emphasizing preclinical strategies aimed at improving peptide stability, specificity, and pharmacokinetic properties. It assesses the current applications and challenges of peptide-based drugs in these diseases, illustrating the pharmaceutical areas where peptide-based drugs demonstrate significant potential. Furthermore, this review analyzes the obstacles that must be overcome in the future, aiming to provide valuable insights and references for the continued advancement of peptide-based drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tianxiangdan (TXD) alleviates myocardial ischemia reperfusion-induced ferroptosis through the activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)","authors":"Yue Yuanjia ,&nbsp;Li Yu ,&nbsp;Rong Xing ,&nbsp;Ji Zhao ,&nbsp;Wang Huimin ,&nbsp;Chen Liang ,&nbsp;Jiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60811-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60811-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tianxiangdan (TXD), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, demonstrates efficacy in mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced damage. This study employed network pharmacology to evaluate the therapeutic targets and mechanisms of TXD in treating I/R. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) identified 86 compounds in TXD. Network pharmacological analysis predicted potential target genes and their modes of action. Cardiac function, ischaemic ST changes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myocardial fiber, and infarct size were assessed using <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> I/R injury models. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein expression and estradiol (E2) levels were measured to confirm TXD's impact on estrogen levels and ERα expression. To examine if TXD reduces I/R injury through ERα, an AZD group (300 nmol·L⁻¹ AZD9496 and 15% TXD serum) was compared to a TXD group (15% TXD serum). The study hypothesized that TXD upregulates the ERα-mediated iron metamorphosis pathway. I/R injury-induced ferroptosis was identified using a Fer-1 group (1.0 μmol·L⁻¹ Fer-1 and 15% TXD serum) to elucidate the potential association between ferroptosis and ERα proteins. A DCFH-DA probe detected reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe²⁺, while Western blotting assessed target protein expression. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that TXD attenuated I/R injury by reducing elevated ST-segment levels, improving cardiac injury biomarkers (LDH, MDA, and SOD), alleviating pathological features, and preventing I/R-induced loss of cell viability <em>in vitro</em>. The effects and mechanisms of TXD on I/R injury-associated ferroptosis were investigated using I/R-induced H9c2 cells. The TXD group showed significantly decreased ROS and Fe²⁺ levels, while the AZ group (treated with AZD9496) exhibited increased levels. The TXD group demonstrated enhanced expression of ERα and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), with reduced levels of P53 protein and ferritin-heavy polypeptide 1 (FTH1). The AZ group exhibited contrasting effects on these expression levels. The literature indicated a novel connection between ERα and ferroptosis. TXD activates the ERα signaling pathway, promoting protection against I/R-induced myocardial cell ferroptosis. This study provides evidence supporting TXD use for myocardial ischemia treatment, particularly in older female patients who may benefit from its therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinelliae Rhizoma: a systematic review on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, preclinical and clinical evidence","authors":"Liang Zuanji ,&nbsp;Wei Jinchao ,&nbsp;Chan Sioi,&nbsp;Zhang Siyuan,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Shen Chenxiao,&nbsp;Zhong Zhangfeng,&nbsp;Wang Yitao","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60807-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60807-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR), known as Banxia in Chinese, Hange in Japanese, and Banha in Korean, is a renowned herbal medicine in East Asia derived from the dry tuber of <em>Pinellia ternata</em> (Thunb.) Breit. (PT). It is extensively utilized in dispensing granules, classical prescriptions, and herbal formulas to treat various conditions, including cough, infection, phlegm, nausea, asthma, and inflammation. Despite numerous studies on PR and its classical prescriptions over recent decades, a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence regarding its multifunctional roles and therapeutic potential is lacking. This review aims to address this gap by examining emerging evidence from metabonomics, preclinical studies, and clinical trials, while exploring potential trends and prospects for future research. A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to identify relevant articles on PR published until March 2023. PR contains 107 compounds with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-asthma, antitussive and expectorant, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-microbial, emetic and anti-emetic, anti-convulsant and anti-epileptic, sedative and hypnotic, learning and memory enhancement, and anti-depressant effects. Metabonomic studies suggest that raw PR may exhibit cardiotoxicity and pregnancy toxicity while showing no apparent hepatorenal toxicity. However, limited pharmacokinetic investigations on PR constrain its clinical translation. Furthermore, clinical safety data on PR is scarce, with only four clinical trials assessing its positive effects in pediatric epilepsy, nausea and vomiting, soft tissue injury, and chronic sinus tract. This review aims to enhance understanding of PR and provide valuable information and recommendations for further research and development of herbal medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem-leaf saponins of Panax notoginseng attenuate experimental Parkinson's disease progression in mice by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via P2Y2R/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway","authors":"Wu Hui,&nbsp;Ni Chenyang,&nbsp;Zhang Yu,&nbsp;Song Yingying,&nbsp;Liu Longchan,&nbsp;Huang Fei,&nbsp;Shi Hailian,&nbsp;Wang Zhengtao,&nbsp;Wu Xiaojun","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60809-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60809-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stem-leaf saponins from <em>Panax notoginseng</em> (SLSP) comprise numerous PPD-type saponins with diverse pharmacological properties; however, their role in Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of SLSP on suppressing microglia-driven neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, including the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP)-induced mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Our findings revealed that SLSP mitigated behavioral impairments and excessive microglial activation in models of PD, including MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, SLSP inhibited the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and attenuated the phosphorylation of PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), and inhibitor of NFκB protein α (IκBα) both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Moreover, SLSP suppressed the production of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Notably, the P2Y2R agonist partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SLSP in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. These results suggest that SLSP inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, likely through the P2Y2R/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. These novel findings indicate that SLSP may offer therapeutic potential for PD by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amoenucles A−F, novel nucleoside derivatives with TNF-α inhibitory activities from Aspergillus amoenus TJ507","authors":"Zhang Yeting ,&nbsp;Shi Zhengyi ,&nbsp;Zhao Chunhua ,&nbsp;Li Lanqin ,&nbsp;Chen Ming ,&nbsp;Cao Yunfang ,&nbsp;Wang Fengqing ,&nbsp;Tao Bo ,&nbsp;Huang Xinye ,&nbsp;Guo Jieru ,&nbsp;Qi Changxing ,&nbsp;Sun Weiguang ,&nbsp;Zhang Yonghui","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60805-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60805-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amoenucles A−F (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>6</strong>), six previously undescribed nucleoside derivatives, and two known analogs (<strong>7</strong> and <strong>8</strong>) were isolated from the culture of <em>Aspergillus amoenus</em> TJ507. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactions. Notably, <strong>3</strong> and <strong>4</strong> represent the first reported instances of nucleosides with an attached pyrrole moiety. Of particular significance, the absolute configuration of the sugar moiety of <strong>1</strong>−<strong>4</strong> was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and a hydrolysis reaction, presenting a potentially valuable method for confirming nucleoside structures. Furthermore, <strong>1, 2</strong>, and <strong>5</strong>−<strong>8</strong> exhibited potential tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitory activities, which may provide a novel chemical template for the development of agents targeting autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curvularin derivatives from hydrothermal vent sediment fungus Penicillium sp. HL-50 guided by molecular networking and their anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Yu Chunxue ,&nbsp;Xia Zixuan ,&nbsp;Xu Zhipeng ,&nbsp;Tang Xiyang ,&nbsp;Ding Wenjuan ,&nbsp;Wei Jihua ,&nbsp;Tian Danmei ,&nbsp;Wu Bin ,&nbsp;Tang Jinshan","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60803-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60803-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guided by molecular networking, nine novel curvularin derivatives (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>9</strong>) and 16 known analogs (<strong>10</strong>−<strong>25</strong>) were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment fungus <em>Penicillium</em> sp. HL-50. Notably, compounds <strong>5</strong>−<strong>7</strong> represented a hybrid of curvularin and purine. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds <strong>1</strong>−<strong>9</strong> were elucidated <em>via</em> nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, ¹³C NMR calculation, modified Mosher's method, and chemical derivatization. Investigation of anti-inflammatory activities revealed that compounds <strong>7</strong>−<strong>9, 11, 12, 14, 15</strong>, and <strong>18</strong> exhibited significant suppressive effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.44 to 4.40 μmol·L⁻¹. Furthermore, these bioactive compounds were found to suppress the expression of inflammation-related proteins, including inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Additional studies demonstrated that the novel compound <strong>7</strong> possessed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the transcription of inflammation-related genes, downregulating the expression of inflammation-related proteins, and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines, indicating its potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragali Radix−Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicine pair prevents cardiac remodeling by improving mitochondrial dynamic balance","authors":"Lin Pingping,&nbsp;Chen Hong,&nbsp;Cui Zekun,&nbsp;Yu Boyang,&nbsp;Kou Junping,&nbsp;Li Fang","doi":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60806-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1875-5364(25)60806-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astragali Radix (AR) and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (NR) are frequently employed in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, the efficacy of the AR−NR medicine pair (AN) in improving cardiac remodeling and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate AN's cardioprotective effect and potential mechanism on cardiac remodeling using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and fibroblasts <em>in vitro.</em> High-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) characterized 23 main components of AN. AN significantly improved cardiac function in the TAC-induced mice. Furthermore, AN considerably reduced the serum levels of <em>N</em>-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin T (CTn-T), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and mitigated inflammatory cell infiltration. Post-AN treatment, TAC-induced heart size approached normal. AN decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and attenuated the upregulation of cardiac hypertrophy marker genes (<em>ANP, BNP</em>, and <em>MYH7</em>) <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Concurrently, AN alleviated collagen deposition in TAC-induced mice. AN also reduced the expression of fibrosis-related indicators (COL1A1 and COL3A1) and inhibited the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) pathway. Thus, AN improved TAC-induced cardiac remodeling. Moreover, AN downregulated p-dynamin-related protein (Drp1) (Ser616) expression and upregulated mitogen 2 (MFN-2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>, thereby restoring mitochondrial fusion and fission balance. In conclusion, AN improves cardiac remodeling by regulating mitochondrial dynamic balance, providing experimental data for the rational application of Chinese medicine prescriptions with AN as the main component in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10002,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}