ACS Sustainable Resource Management最新文献

{"title":"Pore-Scale Analysis of Green Solvents for Solvent-Based Bitumen Recovery","authors":"Mohammad Alikarami,&nbsp;Sedigheh Mahdavi,&nbsp;Jesus Guayaquil Sosa,&nbsp;Jinguang Hu,&nbsp;Arindom Sen and Hector De la Hoz Siegler*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0037610.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00376https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00376","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bitumen is a critical resource for materials and energy, but its high viscosity requires energy-intensive recovery methods with significant environmental impacts. While CO₂ emissions per barrel from oil sands have decreased by 30% over two decades, further innovations are needed for sustainable extraction. We studied green solvents derived from biomass as an environmentally friendly alternative to hydrocarbons in solvent-assisted bitumen recovery. Using Hansen solubility parameters, we optimized binary solvent mixtures to enhance the solubility and minimize viscosity. A novel high-pressure microfluidic device was used to simulate reservoir conditions, verify predictions based on Hansen solubility, and evaluate recovery performance, while dynamic light scattering and elemental analyses revealed the effect of solvent composition on bitumen precipitation and solubility. In toluene/furfural and toluene/guaiacol mixtures, the particle size of dispersed species was larger than that in toluene/ethyl acetate. Moreover, heptane/ethyl acetate caused a higher precipitation of the aromatic fractions. These findings advance the understanding of green solvents for reducing the carbon footprint of bitumen recovery technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"413–423 413–423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Al2O3 Nanoparticles via Fluidized Roasting and Their Application in the Pyrolysis of Spent Mulching Film for Hydrocarbon Production","authors":"Zhong-He Song,&nbsp;Imran Muhammad,&nbsp;Tie-Zhen Ren*,&nbsp;Ablikemu Abulizi,&nbsp;Kenji Okitsu,&nbsp;Huan-Rong Li and Xue-Jun Zhang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0043610.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00436https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00436","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic waste poses serious environmental challenges, and converting it into valuable carbon resources without using noble metal catalysts is vital for sustainable development. In this study, nano-α-Al₂O₃ was synthesized through a one-step fluidized roasting process of AlOOH, producing particles with a regular nanometer-scale grain size to enhance the catalytic activity. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, confirmed that nano-α-Al₂O₃ (L1200) exhibited a smaller nanoparticle size of 125 nm, a higher surface area, and superior thermal and chemical stability compared to the control sample (G1200), prepared via static roasting, which had a particle size of 202 nm. L1200 exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency in processing spent mulching film (SMF), achieving an oil yield of 65.54 wt % under optimized conditions of 450 °C and a reaction time of 30 min. Py-IR analysis revealed a higher B acid content in L1200, which contributed to its superior performance in SMF conversion. This study highlights the potential application of nano-α-Al₂O₃ as an efficient, cost-effective catalyst for the conversion of sustainable plastic waste into clean energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"435–445 435–445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of Degraded Spinel Structure from Spent Li-Ion Battery Cathodes towards Reclaiming for Second Life","authors":"Bogalera Papaiah Shivamurthy,&nbsp;Purnima Rawat,&nbsp;Manjusha V. Shelke,&nbsp;Zhongren Zhou and Girish Praveen Nayaka*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0053310.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00533https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00533","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As the volume of discarded Li-ion batteries grows, the need for effective recycling solutions has become crucial for economic and environmental preservation. The direct regeneration of electrode materials from used Li-ion batteries has gained significant attention and is interesting due to its streamlined approach, lower energy consumption, and high cost-efficiency. Typically, the regeneration of depleted cathodes requires a source of lithium to address the lithium loss. The precise management of Li⁺ ion concentrations in the resulting lithium-rich solution can be employed directly to reintroduce lithium into depleted cathodes. This study involves the restoration of lost Li⁺ ions in depleted Ni, Co dual substituted LiMn₂O₄ cathode through aqueous lithiation. The relithiated/regenerated Ni, Co substituted LiMn₂O₄ cathode demonstrates an initial specific capacity of 125.2 mAhg^–1 and 105.5 mAhg^–1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 100 mA with a capacity retention of 84.2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"554–563 554–563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Templated Rapeseed-Press-Cake-Based Materials as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts","authors":"Silver Juvanen,&nbsp;Ave Sarapuu,&nbsp;Kaarel Kisand,&nbsp;Maike Käärik,&nbsp;Arvo Kikas,&nbsp;Jekaterina Kozlova,&nbsp;Alexey Treshchalov,&nbsp;Jaan Aruväli,&nbsp;Jaan Leis,&nbsp;Vambola Kisand,&nbsp;Kaupo Kukli and Kaido Tammeveski*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0044410.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00444https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00444","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rapeseed press cake, an inexpensive byproduct of rapeseed oil manufacturing, is used for the preparation of transition-metal-containing nitrogen-doped templated carbon-based catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Dicyandiamide and iron(III) nitrate are used as nitrogen and metal sources, with magnesium acetate serving as a precursor of the hard template. The electrocatalysts exhibit high ORR electrocatalytic activity in rotating disk electrode tests in 0.1 M KOH solution, with activity surpassing that of commercial 20 wt % Pt/C. This increase in the ORR activity may be attributed to improved material morphology; according to nitrogen physisorption analysis, the best catalyst material possesses 20% higher specific surface area and almost 50% larger total volume of pores compared to the untemplated material. The top-performing catalyst showed a promising performance as a cathode material in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) test, achieving a maximum power density of 355 mW cm^–2.</p><p >A byproduct of rapeseed oil production was used to prepare active catalyst materials for anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) cathode.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"446–454 446–454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary Suction for Dewatering Oil Sands Mature Fine Tailings: Experimental and Modeling Results","authors":"Reza Lashkari,&nbsp;Amgad Salama* and Maen M. Husein*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0045710.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00457https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00457","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The main challenge to the efficient processing of surface-mined oil sands is the generation of large volumes of slow-settling mature fine tailings (MFT). Tailings pose a significant environmental risk, including failure of storage facility, air-borne emissions, and surface and groundwater contamination. There is no practical mechanism to economically, technically, and ecologically dewater tailings to sufficiently dry MFT for reclamation. In this work, we leverage the natural mechanism of capillary action over filter paper to increase the area available for evaporation. The filter paper accelerated the evaporation of ∼35% of the MFT water, leading to an ∼20% increase in solidification and 33–55% reduction in reclamation time. The thermodynamics of water evaporation and mass transfer are modeled to estimate the rate of evaporation. Model fitting shows good accuracy in estimating dewatering for both nonporous and porous substrates using one and two fitted parameters, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"463–472 463–472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Hydrogels from Okra Stem Waste for Biosignal Detection and Sensor Technologies","authors":"Emine Dilara Kocak*,&nbsp;Cagatay Gumus,&nbsp;Kadir Ozlem,&nbsp;Alessandra Operamolla,&nbsp;Giada Dammacco,&nbsp;Filippo Pagliai,&nbsp;Nursema Pala and Ozgur Atalay,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0048010.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00480https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00480","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent advancements in wearable technology have driven the need for flexible and biocompatible materials that can seamlessly interface with soft, water-rich biological tissues. Traditional petroleum-based polymers often lack compatibility with conductive materials, limiting their use in bioelectronics. In contrast, hydrogels, with their softness, flexibility, and mechanical similarity to biological tissues, offer a promising alternative due to their ecological benefits and adaptability. Here, we present the development of sustainable hydrogels derived from okra stem mucilage, a renewable agricultural waste, to address challenges in bioelectronics. By integrating gelatin for improved adhesion and succinic acid as a crosslinking agent, we achieved significant enhancements in the hydrogels’ mechanical, electrical, and antibacterial properties. The inclusion of 10% succinic acid increased tensile strength by 95% and Young’s modulus by 93%, while electrical conductivity rose from 0.6 S/m to 1.8 S/m. The hydrogels demonstrated robust adhesion to diverse substrates, including glass, pigskin, and paper, with the highest adhesion strength of 57.3 kPa recorded on paper. Capacitive sensors fabricated using these hydrogels exhibited a maximum relative capacitance change of 1.42 under mechanical strain, and their application as ECG electrodes provided signals comparable to commercial alternatives. These findings establish okra-gum-based hydrogels as a promising platform for sustainable, high-performance materials in wearable bioelectronics, including smart health monitoring and human-computer interaction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"501–513 501–513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergy in Materials: Leveraging Phosphosilicate Waste Forms for Electrochemical Salt Waste","authors":"Jonathan S. Evarts*,&nbsp;Brian J. Riley*,&nbsp;Charmayne E. Lonergan,&nbsp;Michaella S. Harris,&nbsp;Jincheng Bai,&nbsp;Eric Bohannan,&nbsp;Iheanyichukwu Ajoku,&nbsp;Saehwa Chong and John S. McCloy,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0050110.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00501https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00501","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Waste forms containing glassy and crystalline phosphate and silicate phases were produced to immobilize salt waste simulants from pyroprocessing and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, heat capacity, and chemical durability measurements. In this work, a phosphosilicate waste form is presented to leverage the benefits of both borosilicate glasses and iron phosphate glasses. To improve waste loading, prior to immobilization, salt simulants were successfully dechlorinated using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed with a borosilicate frit (5–30 wt %) and Fe₂O₃, and vitrified. Additions of 2.5–15 wt % borosilicate glass (NBS3) improved normalized release rates for Cs relative to iron-phosphates without NBS3, resulting in chemical durabilities similar to high-level waste borosilicate glass reference materials. The release rates of the alkalis (i.e., Li, Na, K, Cs) were the lowest with the addition of 5 wt % NBS3. Although Sr was not specifically targeted in this study, evidence exists that it preferentially partitioned with Si to form an amorphous droplet phase within the iron phosphate glass matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"514–523 514–523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Extract of Red Mud, a Renewable Aqueous Medium for the Synthesis of Functionalized Xanthene Derivatives via a One-Pot Three-Component Reaction: Mechanistic Studies and Reaction Scope","authors":"Yogesh Bhaskar Singh Tanwer,&nbsp;Simon Watre Sangma,&nbsp;Snigdha Rani Patra,&nbsp;Kuldip Swain,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Bhunia*,&nbsp;Sanchari Pal and Debjit Das*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0047710.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00477https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00477","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, an efficient and convenient three-component cyclization protocol is presented for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives using a water extract of red mud (WERM). Red mud is produced in large quantities as waste in aluminum industries, and this is the first report to use WERM as an efficient and renewable medium in the synthesis of xanthenes. We focused our attention on domino condensation/Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization both experimentally and in density functional theory (DFT) studies, where the formation of chromenopyrimidines was suppressed simultaneously. Furthermore, our innovation operates in a straightforward and cost-effective manner, accommodates numerous functional groups, encompasses a broad range of substrates, produces exceptional yields, eliminates the need for column chromatography, enables scalable syntheses, and allows reusability of reaction media, all of which contribute to the principles of green and sustainable chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"492–500 492–500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Dyed Watch Strap: Chemical Mordant Free Dyeing with Mordanted Homoisoflavonoids and Anthocyanins for Biocompatible and Wound-Healing Wearables","authors":"Madhan Kumar Meganathan,&nbsp;Sreelakshmi Ramakrishnan,&nbsp;Ganesan Ponesakki,&nbsp;Sathya Ramalingam* and Tamil Selvi Alagumuthu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0046810.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00468https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00468","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Natural dyes with chemical mordant are often toxic and nonbiodegradable, posing serious environmental and health risks due to their harmful residues and lack of sustainability. This study presents the development of an eco-friendly, multifunctional (antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, biocompatible, UV protective, and hydrophobic) watch strap made from leather dyed with natural resources, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes. The natural dye brazilein, extracted from Biancaea sappan wood (SW), initially produced a lighter colored leather. To enhance the hue, a natural mordant derived from banana flower bracts (FB) was used as a cost-effective alternative to chemical mordants. The magnesium ions and anthocyanins in the FB extract complexed with the SW dye, significantly improving the color intensity and uniformity. The optimized 30% SW and 10% FB combination delivered vibrant leather with superior mechanical strength, lightfastness, and rub fastness comparable to synthetic dyes. The SW-FB-dyed leather also exhibited antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and biocompatible properties, showing no adverse effects on fibroblast cells. The dyed leather was fashioned into a watch strap and demonstrated excellent durability, strength, and rub resistance, suitable for daily use. Over time, the shelf life of the dyed leather was compromised by bacterial growth on the surface due to the loss of anthocyanins. Hence, a protective coating of zinc-polyphenols@ silica Janus nanoparticles was applied. This coating provided UV-blocking and hydrophobic properties, preventing bacterial growth and enhancing the leather’s longevity. This process achieved an Eco-scale score of 96.65, outperforming leather dyed with chemical mordants (88.86). This innovative approach of utilizing waste-derived materials for dyeing and mordant applications offers a sustainable, high-performance solution for fabric goods, promoting environmental benefits and new commercial opportunities in eco-friendly products.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"481–491 481–491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling Anodic Residues of Dead Zn–C Batteries: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Co3O4 Incorporated ZnO/MnO2/ZnMn2O4 Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"J. Johnson William*,&nbsp;L. Chitra,&nbsp;B. Saravanakumar,&nbsp;K. Vignesh,&nbsp;P. Rathineshwaran and T. Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0032110.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00321https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00321","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With an emphasis on sustainability, this study attempts to turn waste battery components, especially anodic residues, into high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Cobalt oxides were added in the anodic residues using a microwave route and an annealing process to improve the electrochemical performance. XRD analysis reveals that the prepared composites consisted of ZnO/MnO₂/ZnMn₂O₄/Co₃O₄. The Co₃O₄ morphology was highly influenced by its concentration, determined using SEM. Spherical/cloudy-like nanohybrids were formed for composites consisting of 10 wt % Co₃O₄. Half-cell configurations were utilized to examine electrochemical properties, signifying a redox reaction based electrochemical process, and it yielded a maximum capacity of 687 C g^–1 at 2 mA cm^–2. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor cell was fabricated using the composite consisting of 10 wt % Co₃O₄, and it could yield a specific energy of 33 Wh kg^–1 (for total mass of active materials) and retained 30.3% of energy at a very fast rate of 15 652 W kg^–1. Besides, the charged cell could power red LEDs for 120 seconds. This study highlights the enormous potential in converting waste materials into useful resources, therefore contributing to the achievement of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals through promoting affordable and clean energy, industry, innovations and infrastructure, and responsible consumption and production in the realm of energy storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"402–412 402–412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}