Isabel García-Castellanos, Debarshi Nath, Reshma Krishnan, Manjusri Misra* and Amar K. Mohanty*,
{"title":"Green Composites from Plasticized Cellulose Acetate and Microcrystalline Cellulose: Effect of Maleated Cellulose Acetate on the Biocomposite Performance","authors":"Isabel García-Castellanos, Debarshi Nath, Reshma Krishnan, Manjusri Misra* and Amar K. Mohanty*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0048410.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00484https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00484","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Novel green composites were engineered from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and plasticized cellulose acetate (pCA). The influence of the MCC content and effect of maleic anhydride-grafted cellulose acetate (MA-<i>g</i>-CA) on the performance of green composites were also analyzed. Green composites were developed with up to 15 wt % MCC with different concentrations of MA-<i>g</i>-CA (2, 4, and 7 wt %). Green composites with 15 wt % MCC showed an increase of 21% and 5% in tensile and flexural moduli, respectively, compared to neat pCA, leading to enhanced stiffness and rigidity of the composite material. After the addition of MA-<i>g</i>-CA, the impact strength and elongation at break increased by 22% and 20%, respectively, than their counterparts without MA-<i>g</i>-CA, indicating its plasticizing effect. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed an adequate dispersion of filler particles after the addition of MCC to the CA matrix. The addition of 4% MA-<i>g</i>-CA to 15 wt % MCC green composites exhibited an improved fiber-matrix adhesion. This gave comparable tensile strength and enhanced tensile modulus compared to the neat matrix. Also, the 7% MA-<i>g</i>-CA-added samples showed the highest extensional viscosity of the resulting green composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"594–604 594–604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ni3V2O8@3D Porous Graphitic Biogenic Carbon Composite Electrode Material for High Performance Supercapacitors","authors":"Manxi Wu, Qinglin Zhu and Dongliang Ma*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c0002710.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00027https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this paper, a green, low-carbon, and high specific capacitance electrode material for supercapacitors was investigated and developed. A three-dimensional porous graphitic carbon (PGCHC) was prepared by using waste corn husk as raw material and activated by potassium ferrate (VI) (K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>). The Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>@PGCHC composite was then prepared by in situ growth of Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> via a hydrothermal method. The enlarged specific surface area of the PGCHC material (1788.2 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>) with the activated porous structure (1.5 nm) provides multiple active sites for the material. The composite material still has a three-dimensional carbon skeleton structure. These porous structures also create fast channels for ion diffusion. Moreover, the graphitic carbon structure greatly improves the electrical conductivity, resulting in excellent multiplicity and electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance of Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>@PGCHC exhibits 1179.1 F g<sup>–1</sup> when the current density is at 1 A g<sup>–1</sup>. The ASC device prepared by combining a Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>@PGCHC positive electrode and PGCHC negative electrode can reach 73% capacity retention after 5,000 cycles, and the Coulombic efficiency is close to 100%. A high energy density of 57.3 Wh kg<sup>–1</sup> was demonstrated at a power density of 850 W kg<sup>–1</sup>. The green and low-carbon production materials and excellent electrochemical properties of Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>@PGCHC are promising to be utilized in new energy facilities in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 5","pages":"786–795 786–795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Tarciso Barbosa Junior*, Camilla O. Rios, Tiago M. Barroso Ferreira and Eduardo G. Pereira*,
{"title":"Heavy Metal Interactions Impact Tropical Native Grass in Iron-Rich Environments","authors":"Rui Tarciso Barbosa Junior*, Camilla O. Rios, Tiago M. Barroso Ferreira and Eduardo G. Pereira*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0037510.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00375https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00375","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anthropogenic actions are driving environmental degradation, emphasizing the need for remediation strategies. The species <i>Paspalum densum</i> (Poaceae) has demonstrated resistance to excess iron (Fe) in mining-degraded environments, though these areas may also contain high concentrations of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). The capacity of <i>P. densum</i> to accumulate Cr and Cd (Fe-rich media) was examined. <i>P. densum</i> exhibited high Cd absorption, whereas Cr negatively affected the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration and biomass, with decreases of 83.3%, 74.4%, and 25.3%, respectively. Combined exposure to excess Cr, Cd, and Fe resulted in severe effects. Although the use of <i>P. densum</i> is effective for Cd-contaminated iron-rich sites, interactions with Cr disrupt its metabolic stability.</p><p >Heavy metal interactions could impact the tolerance capability of a phytoremediator species. This study reveals that excessive Cr uptake interacting with Cd and Fe hinders the physiological responses of a tropical native grass used for mining-site rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 5","pages":"701–711 701–711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Km Shelly, Ravishankar Kartik and Raghavachari Dhamodharan*,
{"title":"Preparation of Biochar through Low-Temperature Carbonization of Hydroxyl-Rich Biopolymers Using N-Bromosuccinimide†","authors":"Km Shelly, Ravishankar Kartik and Raghavachari Dhamodharan*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0051710.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00517https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00517","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, an alternate and simpler method of carbonizing hydroxyl-rich biopolymers at low temperatures (100–150 °C) is presented. This method involves the direct heating of a mixture of a biopolymer with <i>N</i>-bromosuccinimide in the absence of a solvent. This method is simpler compared to carbonization of biomass through pyrolysis, which necessitates high reaction temperatures, and hydrothermal carbonization that employs water as the solvent, resulting in lower output per reactor, increased energy requirements and costs, additional processing steps, and generation of waste streams. The carbonization likely occurred due to the <i>in situ</i>-generated hydrogen bromide, which acted as a dehydrating and reducing/deoxygenating agent. The resulting biochars exhibit strong potential for environmental remediation, with chitin-derived biochar achieving 98.13% removal of Rhodamine B from a 5 ppm aqueous solution within 1 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"613–623 613–623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technical Synthesis Assessment of the Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste in Beijing","authors":"Jinhui Xie, Xiangzheng Deng* and Peiheng Yu, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c0002610.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00026https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00026","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reducing the environmental and economic impacts of food waste is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and advancing the circular economy. This study evaluates the sustainability potential of anaerobic digestion of food waste (ADFW) in Beijing, a pioneer in China’s waste separation and ADFW implementation. By integrating a complementary judgment matrix, life cycle assessment, and techno-economic assessment, we assess ADFW projects from social, environmental, and economic perspectives. Results highlight that technology cost indicators are key to ADFW sustainability, while environmental indicators strongly correlate with other metrics (correlation coefficient >0.8). Treating all sorted food waste in Beijing─20% of total waste─via anaerobic digestion could generate $96.5 million in annual revenues and offset 0.295 million tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent per year. Sensitivity analysis suggests that implementing a food waste disposal charge of $52.24 per tonne is critical for mitigating market risks, particularly those linked to crude oil price fluctuations. These findings demonstrate that ADFW offers significant environmental and economic benefits, underscoring the importance of targeted policies and technological innovations to promote sustainable waste management and resource recovery, aligning with the goals of the circular economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"651–661 651–661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Plastic Problem in Research Laboratories: A Call for Sustainability","authors":"Veda V. Dasari, and , Anil K. Suresh*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c0011410.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00114https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"564–568 564–568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Carbon Capturing NaX Zeolite from Rice Husk Ash: Evaluation of Its Adsorption Properties","authors":"Gorungo Ray, Imdadul Haque, Tanvir Ahmed, Md. Maruf Hasan, Mst. Meratus Salma, Md. Kamal Hossain, Md. Sagirul Islam, Md. Ashraful Alam, Nahid Sharmin and Umme Sarmeen Akhtar*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c0001910.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00019https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00019","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents the synthesis and characterization of zeolites (S-1, S-2) from a commercial silica source (sodium silicate) and zeolites (RHA-1, RHA-2) derived from rice husk ash (RHA) for the efficient adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using various analytical techniques, including ATR-FTIR, WD-XRF, XRD, FE-SEM, and BET-N<sub>2</sub> adsorption analysis. FE-SEM analysis demonstrated that all synthesized zeolites exhibit a combination of cubic and octahedral morphologies. N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption studies indicated that the BET surface areas of zeolites S-2 and RHA-2 measure 658.68 and 559.63 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup> and are fitted with Type IV adsorption isotherms. Batch adsorption experiments optimized key parameters, demonstrating that RHA-2 achieved 95.83% MB dye removal in just 20 min using 0.02 g of adsorbent at neutral pH and 25 (±1) °C temperature. The Langmuir isotherm model exhibited the most accurate match for the adsorption process with an adsorption capacity (<i>q</i><sub>max</sub>) of 40.65 mg g<sup>–1</sup>, which adhered to pseudo-second-order kinetics. Regeneration tests confirmed reusability with efficiency decreasing to 90.1% after five cycles due to degradation. Compared to S-2, RHA-2 exhibited superior adsorption performance, highlighting its potential as a cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"662–672 662–672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Second-Life Evaluation of Li-Ion Battery Graphite after Separation and Pre- and Postpurification Treatments of Black Mass","authors":"Elmira Pajootan*, Florence Perrin-Sarazin, Gabriela Mateevici, Mathieu Toupin, Ovidiu Mihai, Brad Methven, Patricia Grinberg, Oltion Kodra and Régis Chenitz*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c0001010.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00010https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study assessed the viability of using two types of prepurified recycled graphite derived from spent battery materials, namely, black mass (BM), and compared their effectiveness to that of virgin battery-grade commercial natural graphite (NG). The first type of recycled graphite, prepurified carbon residue (PCR), was obtained through reductive acid leaching and thermomechanochemical processes with a carbon content of 97.6%. The second type, prepurified concentrate (PConcentrate), was produced via thermal-assisted flotation and thermomechanochemical processes, with a carbon content of 98.6%. Both types of recycled graphite, PCR and PConcentrate, underwent further purification using either an ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) approach or a thermochlorine treatment (TCT). These were followed by an amorphous carbon coating process to meet the graphite specifications for battery use. The structural analyses confirmed that both PCR and PConcentrate met the specifications for battery-grade graphite after purification and carbon coating. The electrochemical assessments showed that cells with recycled graphite, PConcentrate-TCT and PCR-TCT, exhibited specific capacities of 99 and 96 mAh/g, respectively, comparable to 99 mAh/g achieved by cells with commercial NG at a 2C rate. Additionally, after 250 charge/discharge cycles at 1C, cells with recycled graphite retained about 86% capacity, surpassing the 75% retention of cells with a commercial NG anode. Our results concluded that overall, spent graphite sourced and extracted from BM by flotation resulted in superior electrochemical performances. Moreover, graphite purified under UHT exhibited superior cyclability compared to TCT, while TCT purification resulted in higher specific capacity of the electrodes.</p><p >This research recycles graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries─currently considered waste─through innovative processes, achieving a performance comparable to that of virgin materials and promoting sustainable resource use in battery manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"632–641 632–641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prakash Venkatesan*, Jilt Sietsma and Yongxiang Yang,
{"title":"An Acid Free Electrified Process for Recycling Rare-Earth Elements from NdFeB Magnet Waste","authors":"Prakash Venkatesan*, Jilt Sietsma and Yongxiang Yang, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c0000310.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00003https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recycling of rare-earth elements (REEs) from NdFeB magnets is an important strategy to mitigate the risks associated with the REE supply chain. In this article, we propose an electrochemical process to recover REEs wherein all the reagents required for both leaching of REEs as well as the precipitation are generated <i>in situ</i> electrochemically. A three compartment electrochemical reactor was used in which a rare-earth containing salt along with an additive salt, ammonium sulfamate, was fed into the middle compartment. Upon electrolysis, the salts were split into acid and rare-earth hydroxides. The acid generated in the anolyte compartment was used to leach the NdFeB magnet waste. The rare-earth hydroxides were collected in the catholyte compartment and calcined to obtain rare-earth oxides. More than 95% of REEs and cobalt were extracted into the solution, and more than 85% of iron was removed as Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub> precipitate in the same step. Subsequently, the leachate was oxidized and neutralized to remove more than 99% of iron. By using electrons as green reagents, this process combines leaching and precipitation in a single reactor enabling process intensification. The leachate produced at the end is rich in REEs and can be fed again into the middle compartment, forming a completely closed-loop process. Overall, the process consumes no acid, only electricity, ammonium hydroxide for neutralization, and an additive salt, ammonium sulfamate.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"624–631 624–631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arindam Sen, Kundan Kumar, Sudip Kumar, Chandan Ghanty, Sanchayan Mahato, Pratik Swarup Dash, Koushik Biswas and Rajen Kundu*,
{"title":"Reviving Graphite Anode from Spent Li-Ion Batteries via Acid Leaching and Carbonization Methodology","authors":"Arindam Sen, Kundan Kumar, Sudip Kumar, Chandan Ghanty, Sanchayan Mahato, Pratik Swarup Dash, Koushik Biswas and Rajen Kundu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c0034010.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00340https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00340","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We demonstrated the regeneration of a graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries and reused the same as energy storage material. The disordered graphite material is regenerated by inert atmosphere carbonization at high temperatures. Raman and XPS analyses confirm the morphological improvement of the carbonized graphite compared to spent and acid-treated graphite. Acid-treated graphite exhibited discharge and charge capacities of 428 and 364 mAh/g, respectively, in the first cycle at a 0.1C rate, and discharge and charge capacities decreased to 319 and 318 mAh/g, respectively, after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, whereas the carbonized graphite exhibited a discharge capacity of 444 mAh/g in the first cycle, 396 mAh/g in the second cycle, 388 mAh/g in third cycle, and 364 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate. Incremental capacity analysis revealed that the state of health of the cell is restored, and performance increases when the C rate is decreased to C/10 from 1C after 100 cycles. The calculated apparent diffusion coefficients of lithium ions (D<sub>Li</sub>) corresponding to anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions were found to be 2.27 × 10<sup>–7</sup> and 1.36 × 10<sup>–7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively, comparable with the literature’s reported values.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 4","pages":"642–650 642–650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}