ACS Sustainable Resource Management最新文献

{"title":"Deproteinization Controlled Phase Selection in Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Derived from Tenualosa ilisha Fish Scale Waste: A Sustainable Valorization Approach","authors":"Mashrafi Bin Mobarak*,&nbsp;Shahriar Atik Fahim,&nbsp;Md Sohag Hossain,&nbsp;Fariha Chowdhury,&nbsp;Nazmul Islam Tanvir,&nbsp;Umme Sarmeen Akhtar and Samina Ahmed*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00244","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The sustainable management of fishery waste is a growing environmental concern, with fish scales offering promising sources for high-value biomaterials. In this study, calcium phosphate biomaterials (CPBs) were selectively synthesized by varying the chemical treatment of <i>Tenualosa ilisha</i> fish scales. Single-step acid (1 N HCl) or base (1 N NaOH) deproteinization followed by calcination at 1000 °C yielded the magnesium-containing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, whitlockite) phase, confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In contrast, a sequential acid–base treatment led to the formation of highly crystalline monoclinic hydroxyapatite (HAp). Detailed crystallographic analysis revealed superior crystallinity, larger crystallite size, and lower lattice strain for the HAp phase compared to those of the whitlockite phase. Crystallite sizes of 52, 48, and 118 nm were estimated using the Scherrer equation for samples prepared by the acid, base, and acid–base methods, respectively. Surface compositional analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further corroborated the integration of Mg into the β-TCP lattice structure. A clear distinction was evident in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra between the two phases, where β-TCP contained bands for the P₂O₇^4– group caused by incomplete transformation of β-TCP from TCP and/or high temperature treatment. Differences in PO₄^3– Raman band positions and splitting of the symmetric P–O stretching band for the whitlockite phase further highlighted structural distinctions. Morphological characterization in terms of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrated finer, smaller, and more uniform particle formation for the HAp phase. FESEM-based energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis revealed that all samples were Ca-deficient, with Ca/P ratios (0.92-1.38) consistently lower than theoretical values. Cell viability studies indicated excellent biocompatibility (&gt;95% viability) in all samples. Mechanistically, the phase formation is proposed to follow pH-dependent ionic dynamics, where single-step treatment enhanced Mg incorporation and favors β-TCP formation, while sequential acid–base processing likely redistributes ions and stabilizes phosphate, promoting HAp crystallization. This phase-selective approach provides a simple, waste-derived pathway to tailor CPBs for diverse biomedical and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1528–1539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Wet Air Oxidation of the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Aqueous Product from Various Wet Wastes","authors":"Peipei Wang,&nbsp;Min Soo Kim,&nbsp;Pavlo Bohutskyi,&nbsp;Juliano Souza dos Passos,&nbsp;James Collett,&nbsp;Zachary Johnson,&nbsp;Senthil Subramaniam,&nbsp;Uriah J. Kilgore,&nbsp;Samuel P. Fox,&nbsp;Dylan J. Cronin,&nbsp;Andrew J. Schmidt,&nbsp;Mike Thorson and Huamin Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00249","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wet air oxidation (WAO) treats waste streams by converting pollutants into benign substances. It can process the aqueous product from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL-AP) of wet wastes. We studied the WAO of HTL-AP from four wet wastes with different chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, through continuous testing under various conditions. We screened the reaction parameters necessary for substantial COD reduction &gt;90%. Alcohols and ketones in the HTL-AP rapidly oxidized to acetic acid through aldehyde intermediates, while acetic acid, other carboxylic acids, and phenols oxidized relatively slowly. Light N-containing compounds exhibit a change in concentration only after the whole sample reaches an 80% COD reduction, indicating their refractory nature under applied conditions. Energy released in the WAO reaction was calculated. Anaerobic toxicity assay demonstrated that the WAO-treated sample exhibited a 23% enhancement in reaction kinetics, indicating decreased inhibitory effects compared to untreated HTL-AP. These findings provide insights into designing effective WAO processes for valorizing HTL aqueous products, addressing key barriers to HTL process commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1562–1570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart pH Indicators for Sustainable Applications: Mechanistic Insights into Reusable and Leak-Resistant Anthocyanin-Loaded Cellulose Acetate Beads","authors":"Konala Akhila,&nbsp;Dakuri Ramakanth,&nbsp;Lakshman Rao Lingala and Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00475","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The usage of intelligent indicators in predicting and communicating dynamic shelf life of foods to consumers is unrivalled. <i>Clitoria ternatea</i> anthocyanins can change color upon exposure to different pH conditions but are unstable when applied directly or in film form. To address this issue, we have encapsulated anthocyanins extracted from <i>C. ternatea</i> in cellulose acetate (CA) and formed beads via precipitation and the phase inversion method. The total anthocyanin content and encapsulation efficiency were calculated as 6.95 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/g of dry flowers and 99.50%, respectively. Later, effects of <i>C. ternatea-</i>loaded CA beads on physical, structural, thermal, and pH-sensitive properties were analyzed. An attempt was made to represent the mechanism of bead formation in gelling bath with the help of the Marangoni effect of hydrodynamic instability. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed that there are no inter-/intramolecular interaction upon loading of anthocyanins to CA beads. ACN-CA beads are pH-sensitive; when exposed to pH 3 and 4, beads have shown violet to blue color, and at pH 11 and 12, yellow shade was visible. The beads do not release anthocyanins into water medium owing to the asymmetric structure formed during precipitation and osmotic pressure differences. Our results suggest that the developed beads can efficiently replace the existing pH- sensitive intelligent packaging indicators in food sector and offer excellent reusability.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1353–1362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Bio-Hydroxyapatite from Devilfish (Loricariidae) Waste by Controlled Calcination: Analysis of Physicochemical Properties","authors":"Hilda G. Cisneros-Ontiveros*,&nbsp;Nahum A. Medellín-Castillo,&nbsp;Alfredo I. Flores-Rojas,&nbsp;Luis F. Zubieta-Otero* and Mario E. Rodríguez-García,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00233","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents a circular economy approach for producing bio-hydroxyapatite (Bio-HAp) from devilfish (Loricariidae) waste through controlled calcination. The process addresses the environmental challenge of devilfish overpopulation while valorizing biowaste by converting it into a high added value biomaterial. Devilfish bones, composed primarily of calcium phosphates, were calcined to synthesize Bio-HAp. The physicochemical properties of the resulting Bio-HAp were systematically analyzed using morphological, compositional, structural, and vibrational characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed microstructural features, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified crystalline phases, confirming the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to elucidate vibrational properties and verify the chemical structure of the synthesized HAp. Results demonstrated that Bio-HAp derived from devilfish waste exhibits high crystallinity, near stoichiometric Ca/P ratio (1.67) and higher bioactivity, properties characteristic of high purity HAp. This work underscores the potential of biowaste as a sustainable resource for biomaterials and highlights the integration of circular economy principles in materials science to develop eco-friendly, economically viable solutions. Controlled calcination effectively converts devilfish waste into valuable HAp, paving the way for innovative applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, and industry.</p><p >The conversion of invasive devilfish bone waste into bio-hydroxyapatite presents a sustainable strategy to mitigate ecological damage while yielding high-value biomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications through controlled calcination.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1497–1507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling Waste: Fully Biomass-Derived and Backyard Compostable Imine Thermosets","authors":"Ashwani Kumar,&nbsp;Brett Leslie Pollard and Luke A. Connal*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Growing environmental issues and dwindling global petroleum supplies have stimulated interest in biomass thermosets. The development of green and sustainable thermosets without the use of expensive raw materials and toxic solvents is a non-trivial challenge. Widely available shrimp and cellulose waste materials are cheap raw ingredients for the development of materials with excellent properties. Herein, we report fully biomass-derived dynamic imine thermosets, readily generated by reacting chitosan with a novel levoglucosenone diketone. The prepared imine thermosets exhibit enhanced modulus (3.7–7.9 GPa), high glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) (171–176.1 °C) and tunable mechanical properties (tensile strength, 12.5 ± 3.5 to 21.1 ± 3.1 MPa). The as-prepared polymer demonstrated fast stress relaxation behavior and reprocessability owing to the dynamic nature of Schiff base bonds. At the “end of product life”, it can be decomposed in a home compost within 4–5 days. The material has the potential to replace conventional and environmentally destructive thermoset plastics, which currently dominate the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1390–1399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino-Functionalized Hydrothermal Biochar for Synergistic Removal of Cr(VI) and Mn(II): Insights into Competitive Adsorption and Redox Mechanisms","authors":"Xiaolan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanbing Li,&nbsp;Xin Huang,&nbsp;Yibin Wang and Linqiang Mao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00235","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Utilizing waste resources enables sustainable circular economy strategies. The application of hydrochar in industrial wastewater treatment is usually limited due to poor porosity and surface area. This study addressed the critical need for heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater by developing an amino-functionalized hydrochar while offering sustainable resource recovery potential. The novel amino-functionalized hydrochar (NMHC) was derived from garden waste via a one-step hydrothermal process using nitric acid, tannic acid, and nicotinamide as modifiers. The adsorption batch experiment found that NMHC exhibited different adsorption behaviors for Cr(VI) and Mn(II) in sole and mixed systems. NMHC exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities of 245.0 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 183.9 mg/g for Mn(II), which were 3–4 times higher than those of unmodified hydrochar. The adsorption mechanisms analysis indicated that Cr(VI) removal involved synergistic adsorption and reduction to less toxic Cr(III) via oxygen-containing functional groups, while Mn(II) uptake relied on electrostatic interactions with nitrogen functionalities. Competitive adsorption in mixed systems revealed concentration-dependent inhibition, with Mn(II) displaying higher selectivity at elevated concentrations. NMHC demonstrated robust anti-interference capability against coexisting ions, maintaining &gt;78% efficiency after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Practical validation using smelting wastewater confirmed NMHC performance under real conditions. This work shows that NMHC is a promising and environmentally friendly material for removing Cr(VI) and Mn(II) from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1486–1496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetically Tuned Organic Framework-Decorated Chemical Packaging Waste for Water Decontamination and Bactericidal Application: A Win–Win Investigation Promoting Circular Economy","authors":"Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal,&nbsp;Jhilirani Mohanta,&nbsp;Adrija Ghosh,&nbsp;Debashmita Mandal,&nbsp;Saumyashree Nayak,&nbsp;Banashree Dey,&nbsp;Dipankar Chattopadhyay and Soumen Dey*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00317","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel adsorbent was established from chemical packaging waste, embedded with magnetite and an organic framework named OFMCPW for Congo red (CR) scavenging and antibacterial performance. OFMCPW was characterized through BET surface area, PXRD, FTIR, pH_zpc, VSM, and SEM-EDX. SEM revealed a pebble-like porous surface, while EDX-elemental mapping confirmed C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Fe existence. FTIR and XPS confirmed the magnetite, thiourea-based framework presence on the chemical packaging waste, and crystallinity was obtained from PXRD. Post-adsorption, the crystallinity of OFCPW decreased and closed pores were observed. The material exhibits a 17.929 m²/g surface area, 0.631 emu/g magnetic saturation, and 8.44 pH_zpc value. The maximum CR uptake of 154.526 mg/g was achieved under ambient conditions. The Freundlich model (<i>R</i>² = 0.999) and pseudo-second-order (<i>R</i>² = 0.996) model best matched the model. With endothermic (26.111 to 46.789 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (−0.980 to −7.589 kJ/mol) ways. 79.30% regeneration capacity was obtained in a methanol medium with 4-cycle reusability. OFMCPW treated industrial wastewater up to 56.23%. A secondary new adsorbent made from exhausted waste achieved a 73% uptake efficiency. OFMCPW inhibited <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> with a 10 mm zone at 100 mg/mL, supporting the material’s efficiency in multiple applications and circular economy practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1605–1617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis and Purification of Biohydrogen Produced from Soybean Food Wastewater by Protonic Ceramics","authors":"Wachid Mochammad,&nbsp;Tetsuya Fukunaga,&nbsp;Phattharalada Norsingha,&nbsp;Miyuki Nagamine,&nbsp;Keiji Kiyoshi,&nbsp;Kengo Inoue* and Yuji Okuyama*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A hydrogen sensor utilizing proton-conducting ceramics was investigated for real-time monitoring of biohydrogen produced from soybean food wastewater using <i>Clostridium neuense</i> strain SDL48. Biohydrogen production began approximately 42 h after inoculation with strain SDL48, eventually reaching a concentration where hydrogen accounted for 43% of the gas phase. Additionally, the biohydrogen was purified using proton-conducting ceramics, successfully yielding hydrogen of high purity, qualifying it as pure hydrogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1373–1378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorophyll/Cu2O Heterostructure Leads to Increased Applied Bias Photon-to-Current Efficiency toward Enhanced Water Splitting","authors":"Yu-Teng Wu,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Fei Pan* and Yen-Hsun Su*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00264","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ongoing climate change and global warming urge quick replacement of fossil fuels and demand innovative strategies for clean energy generation energy. The solar-induced photoelectrochemical water splitting mechanism holds immense potential for hydrogen generation through metal oxide photocatalysts. However, poor visible light absorption, aqueous instability, electrode degradation, and exciton recombination are major hurdles to its application. To address these challenges, we have employed p-type cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) electrodeposited on a conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate to form a photoanode. The electrode was characterized systematically for its physicochemical and electrical properties. To facilitate solar to hydrogen conversion and enhance durability, we modified the electrode surface with chlorophyll. Owing to chlorophyll’s exceptional visible light absorption characteristics, the chlorophyll-modified Cu₂O electrode exhibited a remarkably high photocurrent density (3.26 mA/cm²) and energy conversion, yielding a 0.82% to 1.37% increase in the applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE %). Furthermore, density of states calculations validated the bonding interactions between Mg (chlorophyll) and O (Cu₂O) at the heterojunction. The electrode stabilities during the electrochemical reaction and post-electrochemical reaction were also compared, showing its potential applicability for hydrogen generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1571–1579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquids and Microbial Electrolysis Cells for Boosted CO2 Methanogenesis: Role of Interfacial Electron Transfer","authors":"ShaoPeng Chen,&nbsp;Ying Guo,&nbsp;YinGe Bai,&nbsp;YangChun Yong,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yilu Chen,&nbsp;Yongming Sun,&nbsp;QingMei Wen* and Tao Zheng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00136","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study explores the improvement of CO₂ methanogenesis using microbial electrolysis systems (MESS) and ionic liquids (ILs). The microbial community adapted to CO₂ methanogenesis showed performance enhancement over time, achieving 0.46 mmol/cycle of specific methane production in the combined MESS and IL system, while it was around 0.28 mmol/cycle for MES only. Under non-electrified conditions, methane production was quite lower (0.1 mmol/cycle). The highest CO₂ conversion efficiency was achieved in the MESS/IL (M-I-E) group, followed by microbiology (M), MESS/IL (M-I), and MESS(M-E). ILs enhanced the electrochemical activity of MESS, resulting in a higher current to 0.61 ± 0.05 mA and a higher Coulombic efficiency to 68.8 ± 3%, compared to 0.45 ± 0.05 mA and 55.6 ± 2% for MESS alone. Further evidence for the improvements was shown by the reduced charge transfer resistance (2.37 ± 0.08 Ω) and enhanced biomass accumulation at the cathode. The microbial community analysis pointed out a significant shift in dominant species, including a significant increase in methanogens such as <i>Methanobacterium</i> sp. and <i>Methanoculleus bourgensis</i>. Metabolic responses showed upregulation of key genes involved in the transporters, Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, indicating that IL layers could provide channels directly or through outside cellular entities for electrons to efficiently shuttle for enhanced methanogenesis. These findings gain insights into the synergistic benefits of ILs and MESS in boosting CO₂ methanogenesis and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1407–1415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}